Speech event

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Speech event is a term coined by the theologian Ernst Fuchs . According to him, a language event is an event that has the character of unlocking and thus moves the existence of man . The term originates in the linguistic-philosophical consideration that language not only has the function of designation, but also of address.

development

Paul

According to Paul's letters, the preached word of God brings about and creates faith. Faith is thus the creation of the word (“creatura verbi”). So it says in Paul's letter to the Romans ( Rom 10.17  EU ):

"Faith comes from preaching, but preaching through the word of Christ."

For Paul, faith grows from hearing the apostolic message of faith. This “fides ex auditu” is a gift from God.

Luther

Martin Luther defines the believer as "homo audiens". According to him, hearing the word of God requires faith in man. This “word form” of faith is a central part of his theology. Again and again he emphasizes the word-relatedness of faith and that the word is to be praised as a means of grace. Faith embraces the word that is offered to him. So it is called z. B. in his 2nd Psalm lecture (1519/20) on Ps 18.45  VUL :

"Actum igitur credendi (ut vocant) nescio quibus verbis possis aptius eloqui quam ista periphrasi divina:" Auditu auris audivit mihi ", hoc est, stultus sibi fuit populus gentium, ut mihi crederet in his, quae non videret nec caperet."

- Martin Luther : WA 5, 537, 3

“Therefore I don't know with which words you could express the event of faith (as they call it) more appropriately than with this divine paraphrase:“ It [the people] hears me with obedient ears ”, that means: The people are simple for themselves Been peoples, so that it believed me in the things that it neither saw nor grasped. "

By referring to the passage as a “paraphrase”, Luther meant the “inner” and “spiritual” hearing by which the “event of faith” (actum credendi) is characterized. Based on such a Lutheran understanding of the word, Fuchs will later develop his theory of the language event.

Ernst Fuchs

Ernst Fuchs talking about the language event is in the Pauline-Lutheran tradition. For Fuchs, word and faith essentially belong together: faith has its essence from its relationship to the word. Faith is a listening to the word that he encounters, by which he specifically means the gospel . For this reason, Fuchs sees the speech event as the development of faith: it brings about a change in the listener's situation from “not being” to being in the existence of God. This understanding of language is a fundamental category of his hermeneutics .

Fuchs is very keen to emphasize human passivity. For this he uses the term of silence . The human being does not move in it, but is moved by the speech event. Language live from silence. In the language event, language itself leads to the silence from which it lives.

In addition, Fuchs sees his explanations of addressing and descriptive language parallel to the distinction between being and being (see also Heidegger ). While merely indicative language offers only an expression of being, a language event justifies being and allows it to be present.

Fuchs applies his doctrine of the linguistic event to various theological areas, namely: the preaching of Jesus, the theology of Paul and the Easter event .

Gerhard Ebeling

Gerhard Ebeling continues to use the term language event to distinguish it from dogmatic doctrine . While this only offers itself to “find shelter as a guest as a stranger”, my language event is the “granting of a living space”. Ebeling sometimes also uses the term “word events”. This is identical to "Speech Events".

Ebeling understands the sacraments as "word events".

Eberhard Jüngel

Eberhard Jüngel , theologically influenced by Fuchs, proved to be a proponent of the language event category. He took it over in his book "Paulus und Jesus" as a demarcation from Rudolf Bultmann.

criticism

Rudolf Bultmann proved to be an opponent of the “language event” category . Its language understanding is traditionally based on the designation function of language, i. that is, it serves as a means of expression. Therefore, he suggests Fuchs, rather Spr e ch as by spraying a chereignis talking. However, this dispute is reported only from Fuchs' perspective in order to defend his own teaching. Bultmann's position must therefore be reconstructed.

Karl Barth could not grant the category of the language event any exegetical or dogmatic gain in knowledge, but assigned it a place in practical theology - at the "intersection" of the word of God and the community.

Continued to exert Hans-Dieter Bastian criticism of the notion that he was a "semantically neither linguistically still to be clarified vocabulary" and Fox could be tempted to unverifiable sentences.

Remarks

  1. ↑ Peter Stuhlmacher, Biblical Theology of the New Testament Vol. 1: Foundation. from Jesus zu Paulus , Göttingen 1992, p. 343
  2. ^ Albrecht Beutel, In the Beginning Was the Word , 1991, p. 126ff.
  3. ↑ z. B. WA 23,267,20-22: "Faith in God's word is necessary because it is spoken about that we should believe, and God toddles and wants to have faith where his word is."
  4. ↑ WA 5, 175, 23; 176, 12, 177, 11; 215, 38; 376, 2; 380, 15.
  5. ↑ See Ernst Bizer, Fides ex auditu , 1961, p. 171
  6. ↑ Holger Flachmann, Martin Luther and the book (1996), p. 241
  7. ↑ Eberhard Jüngel, On the way to the matter (2000), p. 24
  8. ↑ Ernst Fuchs, Marburger Hermeneutik (1968), p. 242
  9. ↑ Ernst Fuchs, Collected Essays II (1960), p. 425
  10. ↑ Ernst Fuchs, Collected Essays I (1959), p. 281
  11. ^ Gerhard Ebeling, Luther. Introduction to his thinking ( 5 2006), p. 19
  12. ↑ Eberhard Jüngel, Paulus und Jesus ( 7 2004), p. 274 Note 1: "... as a speech event (not a speech event) ..."
  13. ↑ Ernst Fuchs, Collected Essays II (1960), pp. 424f.
  14. ↑ Barth viewed the category as a special problem in Protestant theology (Karl Barth, Interview by D. Schmidt, Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (February 18, 1964). In: Talks 1964-1968 , GA IV.28), which misses the point (e.g. Karl Barth, § 77 Eifer um die Glory Gottes. In: Das christliche Leben 1959-1961 , GA II.7, p. 230; Conversation with “Stiftlern” in Tübingen (March 2, 1964). In: Conversations 1964-1968 , GA IV.28, p. 47). In addition, the “language event” often moved him to disparaging puns, cf. Karl Barth, conversation with students from Wuppertal (July 1, 1968). In: Talks 1964-1968 , GA IV.28, p. 491, note 17; P. 499
  15. ^ Karl Barth, Introduction to Protestant Theology (1961), pp. 141f.
  16. ↑ Hans-Dieter Bastian, Theology of the Question. Ideas for the foundation of a theological didactics and for the communication of the church in the present (1969), p. 256f.

literature

  • Ernst Fuchs: The language event in the preaching of Jesus, in the theology of Paul and in the Easter event . In: On the hermeneutical problem in theology. The existential interpretation. Collected Essays Vol. I . 2. through Edition. Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen 1965, p. 281 ff .
  • Ernst Fuchs: What is a language event? A letter . In: On the question of the historical Jesus. Collected Essays Vol. II . 2. through Edition. Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen 1965, ISBN 978-3-16-107212-3 , p. 424 ff .
  • Oliver Pilnei: How does Christian faith come about ? Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen 2007, ISBN 978-3-16-149330-0 .

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