Speech technology

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Speech technique as part of speech training is practicing articulatory processes based on given exercise patterns, as well as the associated breathing and structuring technique .

In the autodidactic area, for example, these can be articulation exercises such as speaking quickly with tongue twisters ("Fischers Fritz catches fresh fish ...") or trying to speak clearly with a cork in your mouth. An improvement in the articulation fluency and training of the basic tongue muscles can also be achieved without external speaker training.

In addition to breathing and voice training, the training in speaking technology is initially dedicated to the individual sounds ( phonemes ) of the spoken German language, whose sound and mode of formation are defined by the norms of the German standard sounding. The individual sounds are mostly trained with the help of sound accumulation exercises. The speaker trainer controls and corrects the practitioner directly through the ear or through technical recording. He checks the vocal position and the pure sound of the articulated phoneme.

The motion sequences for forming a sound are also defined. This is what needs to be trained. Example: A “w” in German is formed by slightly pushing the lower lip forward while at the same time placing the upper incisors very gently on the lower lip. The breath flow rubs there. In addition, a vote is given for the “w”. Every sound is defined in its ideal way of formation, but is influenced by the preceding and following sounds during the speaking process.

In the next phase of the training, word or text elements are implemented in the learned pure articulation. In addition, there is the practice and the intellectual grasp of design features such as break structure, emphasis decisions (emphasis) and melody ( prosody ).

In professional training, Julius Hey's book “The Art of Speaking” (also “Der Kleine Hey”) was regarded as a reference work on speaking technology for actors, broadcasters and other speaking professions for many decades . In recent times, the often monotonous, mechanistic speech exercises of "Little Hey" have come under criticism.

The importance of breathing for speaking technique was worked out by Horst Coblenzer and Franz Muhar , who developed the concept of phonation adapted to the rhythm of the breathing . The importance of physiologically correct - namely diaphragmatic - breathing is emphasized and used to ensure the most economical use of voice. Originally, the Phonation according to Coblenzer / Muhar, adapted to the rhythm of the breathing, was developed for speech training , but it is also used in therapy for speech disorders.

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