State shipping company

A state shipping company is a shipping company that is wholly or predominantly operated by a state or an organization of a state.

description

In states of the Eastern Bloc, state shipping companies were the common operating model. In addition, in the years after the Second World War, numerous new state shipping companies were established in former colonial states. In merchant shipping , state shipping companies operate essentially like privately run shipping companies, but usually receive a fixed foreign trade share from the operator country. The reasons for setting up state-run shipping companies include building their own maritime transport infrastructure in countries that do not have their own merchant fleet until then , improving the coordination of foreign sea trade, increasing the share of freight volume and increasing the share of the sea trade associated with the Economic volume of the state.

The status of the merchant ships operated by state shipping companies is classified inconsistently internationally. On the one hand, state-operated merchant ships can be seen as state ships (in terms of register law , for example , state ships can not be easily seized ), on the other hand, state shipping companies, as dealt with in the International Convention for the Uniform Determination of Individual Rules on the Immunity of State Sea Ships of 1926 , are subject to obligations by acting on the market that stand in the way of special legal treatment of the state merchant ships used.

literature

Serge Maiwald : The development of state merchant shipping as reflected in international law , 1946.
Marius Böger: The Immunity of State Ships: a contribution to the question of jurisdiction over foreign states , publishing house of the Institute for International Law at the University of Kiel, 1928.

Web links

Georg Ress: Trends in Immunity in Foreign States , Max Planck Institute for Comparative Public Law and International Law, 1980 (PDF, 4.5 MB)

Individual evidence

↑ Hans H. Killinger: The line agencies in the course of the changes in liner shipping , In: Hansa , Volume 116, No. 21, November 1, 1979, pp. 1612-1614.
↑ Harald Leisch: Perspektiven der Entwicklungsländerforschung , In: Trierer geographische Studien , Edition 11, Geographische Gesellschaft, Trier, 1995.
↑ Viktor Bruns: Journal for Foreign Public Law and Völkerrecht , Volume 40, Institute for Foreign Public Law and Völkerrecht, Max Planck Institute for Foreign Public Law and Völkerrecht , Verlag W. Kohlhammer, 1981, p. 232ff.
^ Hermann Reuss: Jurisdiction over a foreign state as a ship owner? , In: Decisions of the Reichsgericht in Zivilsachen , Walter de Gruyter, 2018, p. 295ff.
↑ Marco Núñez-Müller: The nationality of merchant ships in international law: Requirements and legal consequences of the award of flags with special consideration of the so-called flags of convenience , Duncker & Humblot, 1994, p. 70.

[1] Hans H. Killinger: The line agencies in the course of the changes in liner shipping , In: Hansa , Volume 116, No. 21, November 1, 1979, pp. 1612-1614.

[2] Harald Leisch: Perspektiven der Entwicklungsländerforschung , In: Trierer geographische Studien , Edition 11, Geographische Gesellschaft, Trier, 1995.

[3] Viktor Bruns: Journal for Foreign Public Law and Völkerrecht , Volume 40, Institute for Foreign Public Law and Völkerrecht, Max Planck Institute for Foreign Public Law and Völkerrecht , Verlag W. Kohlhammer, 1981, p. 232ff.

[4] Hermann Reuss: Jurisdiction over a foreign state as a ship owner? , In: Decisions of the Reichsgericht in Zivilsachen , Walter de Gruyter, 2018, p. 295ff.

[5] Marco Núñez-Müller: The nationality of merchant ships in international law: Requirements and legal consequences of the award of flags with special consideration of the so-called flags of convenience , Duncker & Humblot, 1994, p. 70.