Urban economics

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The Stadtökonomik (also Urban economics or Urban Economics ) is a branch of economics , the economic methods apply for the analysis of urban areas. The urban issues examined here include crime, education, public transport, the housing market or public budgets. More precisely, it is a branch of microeconomics that analyzes spatial structures and the locations of private households and businesses .

history

The term urban economics has existed in English ( Urban Economics ) since at least 1965. According to John M. Quigley, the history of urban economics can be roughly divided into four periods of intensive research on the role of the city as an economic system. The first of these periods is in the 1920s and coincides with a dramatic decrease in transportation costs with the invention and spread of the truck. During this period, too, the first specifically "urban economics" research article was published, namely the two articles by Robert Murray Haig , Towards an understanding of the metropolis, parts I and II, published in the Quarterly Journal of Economics in 1926 . In these he analyzes the spatial patterns of industrial activity in Lower Manhattan and New York in general. Another early forerunner of modern urban economics was the economics of local government structures, academically founded by u. a. Charles M. Tiebout in his analysis of local government spending on public goods. The second period falls in the late 1950s and centers around a three-year study of the New York Metropolitan Area by a consortium of researchers from the Regional Plan Association and economists from Harvard University , whose goal was to project demographic and economic variables for the next three decades . The final report on the study, written by Raymond Vernon, also deals for the first time with externalities and their influence on general welfare in an urban economic context. The third period began in the mid-1960s, marked by a rediscovery of the agronomic work of Johann Heinrich von Thünen from the 19th century and their synthesis with contemporary research by William Alonso , Lowdon Wisgo and John Kain on the connection between property prices and urban transport costs. The 1980s, in turn, marks the fourth of these periods, fueled by a renewed interest in the nature of economic growth, particularly the role which cities play in terms of technological progress and innovation.

research

According to O'Regan (2005), the research agenda of urban economics is generally based on four main topics:

  1. the development of urban areas
  2. Patterns of development within urban areas
  3. the spatial dimension of urban problems
  4. the spatial aspects of local politics and the relationship between the city and peripheral governments.

Research articles on topics of urban economics appear regularly in a number of scientific journals that specialize in the topic. These include the Journal of Urban Economics , Regional Science and Urban Economics and Regional Studies .

Definition of terms

The Urban Economics is not with the concept of city economy in the economic theory of stages to be confused.

Well-known city economists

literature

  • Arthur O'Sullivan: Urban Economics . 7th edition. McGraw-Hill / Irwin, 2008, ISBN 0-07-337578-0 .
  • John F. McDonald & Daniel P. McMillen: Urban Economics and Real Estate: Theory and Policy . 2nd Edition. Wiley-Blackwell, 2010, ISBN 0-470-59148-X .
  • Edwin S. Mills , Bruce W. Hamilton: Urban Economics . 5th edition. Addison-Wesley, 1997, ISBN 0-673-46867-4 .
  • Richard J. Arnott & Daniel P. McMillen (Eds.): A Companion to Urban Economics . Wiley-Blackwell, 2006, ISBN 1-4051-0629-8 .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Wilbur R. Thompson: Preface to Urban Economics . Johns Hopkins Press, 1965.
  2. ^ John M. Quigley: Urban Diversity and Economic Growth . In: Journal of Economic Perspectives , Vol. 12, No. 2, 1998, pp. 127-128.
  3. ^ Alan Evans: The Development of Urban Economics in the Twentieth Century . In: Regional Studies , Volume 37, No. 5, 2003, p. 522.
  4. ^ Raymond Vernon: Metropolis 1985 . Harvard University Press, Cambridge MA 1962.
  5. ↑ Katherine O'Regan: P11.2608: Urban Economics ( Memento of the original from June 20, 2010 in the Internet Archive ; PDF; 66 kB) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. New York University, 2005 (English) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / wagner.nyu.edu