Standing heat

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The term standing heat , also called oestrus , comes from the cynological terminology and describes the tolerance phase during heat . In the middle of the heat (sometimes earlier or later) the bitch stands when a male dog approaches : the legs are firmly set on so that the male can climb up for mating . Hence the term standing heat. The bitch also arches her back and puts her tail to one side. During this phase, bitches are looking for other dogs, from where the concept of heat can be derived. Pheromones of the bitch signal their readiness to mate and attract males. The fall ovulations in this time.

Fertile phase

Phases of heat in the bitch and fertile days.

Unlike most other mammals occurs in females maturation of oocytes ( oogenesis ) which they fertilized makes, after the Eisprüngen over the next approximately 48 to 72 hours in the fallopian tubes when the progesterone level has risen. However, an exceptional fertilization of immature egg cells was also observed. After maturation in the fallopian tube, the egg cells are capable of fertilization for about two days. Ovulations occur within 12 to 36 hours.

The survival time of the male's sperm in the female genital tract is usually several days, up to 11 days.

Some bitches show the typical reactions to touch outside of the fertile phase. In order to determine the breeding days, further characteristics must therefore be determined.

Cover time determination

The start of the bitch's willingness to mate usually coincides with the start of the fertile period. By examining the hormone level, the veterinarian can determine and predict when favorable times are to be expected for one or two breeding acts. By touching the bitch next to the vulva, the owner of the bitch recognizes from the bitch's reactions whether she is in the standing heat. The bitch then moves the base of the tail up and to the side and forms a slight hollow back up to the point of pushing backwards. This creates the ideal conditions for a successful natural jump . At the same time, the vulva must have reached its maximum state of swelling.

  • Resting phase between cycles ( anestrus )

  • 1st day of the bleeding: slight swelling

  • 5th day of bleeding: swelling increases

  • 9th day of the bleeding: severe swelling, bitch can be ready to mate.

  • 11th day: discharge becomes light: beginning of oestrus , standing heat 11th - 13th day favorable for covering .

  • 15th day: The swelling goes down. Beginning of metestrus. The bitch is still ready to mate.

By counting the cycle days beginning with the first bleeding day, you can calculate the likely favorable mating days. In white bitches, the first blood is clearly visible at the beginning of heat. In bitches with brown and dark fur and dark skin color, the owner may overlook the beginning of heat. The beginning of the standing heat can still be read from the condition of the vulva. Preestrus, the phase before the beginning of the fertile phase, can last 7 to 15 days. Correspondingly, the onset of standing heat is earlier or later than in the exemplary image sequence.

literature

  • Richard W. Nelson, C. Guillermo Couto: Internal medicine of small animals . Elsevier, Urban and Fischer, Jena 2006, ISBN 3-437-57040-4 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ N. Songsasen, S. Wesselowski, JW Carpenter, DE Wildt: The ability to achieve meiotic maturation in the dog oocyte is linked to glycolysis and glutamine oxidation. In: Molecular reproduction and development. Volume 79, number 3, March 2012, pp. 186–196, doi : 10.1002 / mrd. 22011 , PMID 22213348 , PMC 3288629 (free full text).
  2. ↑ Nucharin Songsasen, Sonya Wesselowski et al .: Ability to Achieve Meiotic Maturation in the Dog Oocyte is Linked to Glycolysis and Glutamine Oxidation PCM 2011
  3. ^ Yvonne Eichner: Gestation, birth and puerperium in the bitch
  4. ↑ Inga Karre, Andrea Meyer-Lindenberg u. a .: Distribution and viability of spermatozoa in the canine female genital tract during post-ovulatory oocyte maturation. In: Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica. 54, 2012, p. 49, doi : 10.1186 / 1751-0147-54-49 .
  5. ↑ Konrad Blendinger: Determination of the breeding time for the bitch
  6. ↑ VDH: Basic course in breeding practice - mating and birth