tail
In the vertebrate is a tail ( lat. Cauda ; Greek . Ουρά ) with the muscles , tendons , skin and possibly coat (or scales or feathers held), rear end of the spine at the base of the anus . In some vertebrates it is long and then consists of many vertebrae, often with a high degree of mobility due to muscles (for example the wound and prehensile tails of many primates ), in others it is short and stubby, sometimes wide and flat ( beavers , whales ), in some it is completely absent ( humans , adult frogs ). So-called tail people , in whom a stubby tail is present as an atavism , are very rare.
Cats and dogs use the tail for both balancing and communication .
etymology
Originally only in the High German language area valid word mhd. Swanz is a regression from MHG. Swanzen , pivotally movable '. It initially meant 'swaying movement when dancing', then 'train, drag dress' and only then does the meaning 'animal tail' derive.
In anatomy, the terms caudal or caudal for `` concerning the tail '' or `` towards the tail or in the direction of the rear end of the trunk (located) '' are derived from the Latin word cauda (also kaudad or caudad as a pure indication of direction ). The Greek word ουρά ourá can also be found in scientific terms, for example in the medical name brachyuria for a congenital deformity of the tail, and, like cauda , in various scientific names of biological taxa , including Anura , Urochordata and Uroplatus or Caudata , Caudofoveata and Caudipteryx .
Species-specific names
The tail of the horse is called the tail, which consists of the tail and long hair.
In the hunter language , there is next to the tail of the beaver special terms for the tail of certain animals, such as flower with hares and rabbits , a rat with foxes and martens , Pürzel in the wild sow , standard in foxes and wolves , Wedel at ungulates except wild boars. Shock refers to the totality of the tail feathers in a bird's tail . In domestic dogs, the tail is called the tail .
In some mammals, scent glands are formed at the base of the tail , such as the vial gland in predators or the caudal gland in guinea pigs .
Diseases
Injuries to the tail are relatively common in animals. Tail chasing and tail biting are among the obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Tail paralysis occurs as a result of damage to the tail nerves or the spinal cord (→ cauda equina syndrome in dogs ).
The limber tail syndrome is an inflammatory painful disease in domestic dogs, which occurs probably due to overload. In the ring tail of the rats, ring-shaped constrictions and tissue deaths occur.
Hair loss (alopecia) on the tail, known as the rat tail, is a symptom of various diseases. In domestic dogs, this includes hypothyroidism , hyperadrenocorticism and sebadenitis .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ The dictionary of origin (= Der Duden in twelve volumes . Volume 7 ). Reprint of the 2nd edition. Dudenverlag, Mannheim 1997, p. 658 ( limited preview in Google Book search). See also: Friedrich Kluge : Etymological dictionary of the German language . 7th edition. Trübner, Strasbourg 1910, p. 418 ( Digitale-sammlungen.de ).
- ↑ Entire paragraph after: Ilse Haseder, Gerhard Stinglwagner: Knaurs Großes Jagdlexikon. Augsburg 2000, ISBN 3-8289-1579-5 , see corresponding keywords on pp. 112, 519, 600, 678, 765 776, 876
- ↑ Ilse Haseder, Gerhard Stinglwagner: Knaurs Großes Jagdlexikon. Augsburg 2000, ISBN 3-8289-1579-5 , p. 836
- ↑ Ina Rheker: Studies on the importance of pets in advanced veterinary training in relation to the development of the proportion of pets in the total number of patients at the Clinic for Small Pets, the Clinic for Ornamental and Wild Birds and the Clinic for Fish Diseases of the University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover. Dissertation. University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 2001 ( PDF ), p. 36 (see also literature cited therein)
- ↑ Stefanie Peters, Hans-Joachim Koch: Dermatology Atlas Dog: Disease pictures and typical distribution patterns. Georg Thieme Verlag 2014, ISBN 9783830411673 , pp. 192–194.