Stone cut (geometry)

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The stone carving is designing stone bodies for architecture. As a geometric process, the stone cut is part of the stereometry . He deals with the construction and division of angular, especially radial, stone such as arches or vaults . The stone cut essentially takes into account three principles that are characteristic of natural stones :

  1. Consideration of the statics . Natural stones, for example, usually have good compressive strength and poor flexural strength values. This knowledge must be taken into account when constructing the stones.
  2. Consideration of the stone technique . For example, acute-angled stones break off easily either during processing or when installing at the tips. Therefore, compressive forces are derived from right angles.
  3. Consideration of aesthetics . The divided whole must be related to the individual parts. The proportions of the individual parts among each other must not vary too widely in terms of size.

The stone cut is used for stone associations, ashlar cladding, stone connections, natural stone masonry , pillars and columns, embankment walls, joint cuts , cylindrical walls, conical walls, casement walls and wall openings (doors and windows).

Journeyman who are trained as master stonemasons and stone carvers and stone technicians are trained in stone cutting. Stone carving to a lesser extent is also taught at vocational schools in apprenticeship training.

In order to represent stone on drawings, various so-called cutting planes are defined and drawn using stone cutting. Basically the view, soffit and section are drawn. View sides are referred to as heads, side surfaces as heads and the support surfaces as bearings. The drawing of spatial representations of stone bodies, so-called isometries, is of particular importance . The highlights in the history of stone carving are Gothic tracery and Baroque vaults.

literature

  • Stone cut , in: Otto Lueger: Lexicon of all technology and its auxiliary sciences, Bd. 8 Stuttgart, Leipzig 1910., p. 293.

On-line

  • A. Ringleb: Textbook of stone carving , Berlin 1844.
  • Franz Pechwitz: The stone carving, 1st part. Voigt, Leipzig 1942
  • Werner Müller: Stonemason geometry between late Gothic and Baroque: a construction technique on the way from craft to engineering . Imhof, Petersberg 2002, ISBN 3-935590-21-0 .