Voting card
A voting card or voting card is used to cast votes in open, roll-call votes . It is used to document the verification of voting rights and the simplified counting. It is issued personally and, if necessary, provided with an inscription, symbol or color for “Yes”, “No”, “Abstention”. It is not to be confused with the voting slip.
Voting cards in politics
Voting cards in parliaments
In Germany, voting cards were introduced in the German Reichstag in 1902 in order to shorten the voting time when negotiating customs tariffs and to avoid blockades. They were blue (yes), red (no) and white (abstention). The procedure was laid down in Section 105 of the Rules of Procedure for the Reichstag (GORT).
For votes in the German Bundestag , voting cards in the same colors have been used since 1950, with the name of the MP who voted. The MP throws them in a ballot box for voting . They have a size of 8 × 4.5 cm and also contain an inscription with the text “Yes”, “No” or “Contain me” and a barcode . The procedure is laid down in Section 52 of the Rules of Procedure for the Bundestag (GOBT).
Voting cards are used in the German state parliaments and, if the electronic voting option fails, in the French national assembly .
Voting cards at party conferences
Voting cards are also used at party conferences . The delegates / members are checked by the “Mandate Review and Vote Counting Commission” to see whether they are members / elected delegates, the membership fee has been paid (or whatever requirements the statutes prescribe) and then the voting card is issued. Open votes are then made by holding up the voting card. This is particularly important when there are different voting rights. Before a federal election, for example, district delegate assemblies take place (which elects the delegates to the state party congress at which the state list is decided) and constituency delegate assemblies at which the direct candidate is elected. Since the constituencies and the districts are usually not congruent, some delegates are entitled to vote with one and not the other. In order to see at a glance who has which voting rights, voting cards of different colors are issued.
Voting cards in business
At general meetings of large stock corporations , there is a need to determine the voting behavior of shareholders. Since the number of votes results from the number of shares held, voting by show of hands is not sufficient.
Therefore, every shareholder receives voting cards (which are often also admission cards) that are personalized, i. H. contain the number of voting rights. In the case of large public companies, these voting cards are usually machine-readable (via barcodes or similar).
Related topics
The balling process has been in use since ancient times : votes are cast using balls that are thrown into urns for yes, no or abstention. The difference to voting cards is the lack of personalization of the voting.
Another related topic is the ballot paper . This is used in secret ballots to ensure that each voter only casts one vote. The voting slip is personalized just like the voting card. However, the actual voting slip is evaluated separately from the voting slip (e.g. in the case of a postal vote ).
literature
- Carmen Thiele: Rules and procedures for decision-making within states and associations of states: State and municipal law as well as European and international law investigations . 2008, ISBN 3-540-78994-4 , pp. 498 ff., Books.google.de
- Günter Henn: Henn / Frodermann / Jannott, Handbuch des Aktienrechts , 8th edition, 2009, ISBN 3-8114-4021-7 , p. 498 ff. Books.google.de
Individual evidence
- ^ Julius Hatschek: The parliamentary law of the German Empire . de Gruyter, Berlin 1973, ISBN 978-3-11-002157-8 , p. 72 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
- ↑ a b Carmen Thiele: Rules and procedures for decision-making within states and associations of states: State and municipal law as well as European and international law studies . Springer, Berlin / Heidelberg 2008, ISBN 978-3-540-78994-9 , pp. 499 f . ( limited preview in Google Book search).
- ↑ a b Carmen Thiele: Rules and Procedures ..., p. 499
- ↑ Rules of Procedure of the German Bundestag
- ^ Roll- call votes . German Bundestag; Retrieved November 25, 2012
- ↑ Voting in the Bavarian State Parliament: roll call. Retrieved November 26, 2012
- ^ Lexicon: Form of voting . ( Memento of the original from November 12, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. State Parliament of Saxony-Anhalt; Retrieved November 26, 2012
- ^ Günter Henn: Handbuch des Aktienrechts . P. 498 ff.
- ↑ Carmen Thiele: Rules and Procedures ..., p. 498
