TORRO scale
| Cat. | m / s | mph | km / h |
|---|---|---|---|
| T0 | 17-24 | 39-54 | approx. 61-87 |
| T1 | 25-32 | 55-72 | approx. 88-116 |
| T2 | 33-41 | 73-92 | approx. 117-148 |
| T3 | 42-51 | 93-114 | approx. 149-184 |
| T4 | 52-61 | 115-136 | approx. 185-220 |
| T5 | 62-72 | 137-160 | approx. 221-260 |
| T6 | 73-83 | 161-186 | approx. 261-299 |
| T7 | 84-95 | 187-212 | approx. 300-342 |
| T8 | 96-107 | 213-240 | approx. 343-385 |
| T9 | 108-120 | 241-269 | approx. 386-432 |
| T10 | 121-134 | 270-299 | approx. 433-482 |
The TORRO scale , also known as the T scale for short , is a scale for recording the intensity of tornadoes and other strong wind events such as downbursts and includes levels T0 to T10. It was developed by Terence Meaden of the Tornado and Storm Research Organization (TORRO), a meteorological organization in the United Kingdom, as a supplement to the Beaufort scale . The scale was tested from 1972 to 1975 and then published by the Royal Meteorological Society .
In the scale, T0 represents the equivalent to Bft 8 and is linked to the Beaufort scale via the equation T = (Bft / 2-4). It also differs from the Fujita scale in that only wind speeds and no phenomenological features such as the extent of destruction are used for classification. The scale is mainly used in Great Britain and Central Europe, while the Fujita scale is used more in the USA. Tornadoes in Great Britain usually reach strengths from T0 to T6, the strongest observed so far was classified as T8. The strongest American tornado, on the other hand, would be classified as T11 on the T scale. The strongest tornado ever observed in Germany in Woldegk (1764) also reached level T11. In German-speaking countries, the TorDACH tornado classification based on the T-scale is also used (see web links), as it takes better account of the local building fabric.
Subcritical tornadoes with wind speeds below T0 are occasionally classified with the negative values T-4 to T-1, which correspond to the theoretical values F-1 and F-2 on the Fujita scale, for a more precise classification.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ European Severe Weather Database. Retrieved April 4, 2020 .
- ↑ All tornadoes. Retrieved April 4, 2020 .
- ↑ Archived copy ( memento of the original from August 25, 2005 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
