Tabularium
As tabularium the time of the ancient were Roman Empire buildings and spaces designated for storage of documents. The most famous tabularium was the state archive of the Roman Empire in Rome .
Tabularium in Rome
history
The tabularium in Rome was 83-80 BC. Built by Quintus Lutatius Catulus on Sulla's instructions . In it the laws , edicts and treaties were kept "on tablets", which had been drawn up by the magistrate of Rome. The name is also derived from these bronze tablets called tabulae , which were used to archive laws and documents.
The State Archives, or House of Records, was located at the western end of the Roman Forum and its front side pointed to the forum area. It served, together with the Temple of Concordia and the Temple of Saturn , as a demarcation between the Roman Forum and the Capitol . Today, the Senator's Palace, built in the 16th century, is on its foundations.
Even after the fall of the Western Roman Empire , the Tabularium continued to change. The shape that can be seen today is due to Michelangelo , who converted it from a salt store to a palazzo.
Appearance
Even today, the basement can still be clearly identified as an ancient building, while the upper floors can be assigned to later construction phases. The substructure, a total of 73.6 meters long and consisting of aniene tuff and peperin , is still well preserved today, also parts of the first floor, which is characterized by Doric columns made of tuff , between which there are eleven arches with 7.5 each Meters high and 3.5 meters wide. The said first floor received light through small windows. The second floor, which is no longer visible today, was adorned by a magnificent Corinthian arcade , which was walled up in the Middle Ages until 1939.
As a result of construction work in the 1930s, the three buildings on Capitol Square (the Senator's Palace, the Conservatory's Palace and the Palazzo Nuovo ) were connected by an underground corridor. Significant remains of the former tabularium were made accessible to the public, which they can visit in connection with a visit to the Capitoline Museum . Part of the original ancient structure is also a monastery vault with a square floor plan (⌀: 4.70 m), one of the earliest demonstrable examples of this dome shape.
The Tabularium gave the architectural-historical term " Tabulariummotiv " its name. In the facade, the motif appears on the large, arched building openings.
General tabularities
In greatly reduced form, there were archives in numerous Roman cities and at almost all permanent fort sites , as inscriptions show. There the tabularium was part of the Principia , the staff building.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Rome on the Net: Ancient Rome, Tabularium, Asylum and Temple of Veiovis
- ^ [1] , Tabularium article on the website "Imperium Romanum".
- ^ [2] , Tabularium article on the website of Stefan Ramseier.
- ↑ Jürgen Rasch: The dome in Roman architecture. Development, Shaping, Construction , in: Architectura , Vol. 15 (1985), pp. 117-139, here p. 127.
- ^ Anne Johnson (German adaptation by Dietwulf Baatz ): Römische Kastelle . Verlag Philipp von Zabern, Mainz 1987, ISBN 3-8053-0868-X , pp. 137-138.
