Taekwondo technique

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Taekwondo technique includes all hand, arm and foot techniques of the Korean martial arts Taekwondo and supporting elements such as B. Breathing technique and battle cry, which must be practiced regularly in training.

training

The trainer is free to decide how to build up his training. Before the examination dates, the examination material is usually reviewed intensively.

Typical training components are:

  • Warming up and muscle stretching : When practicing Taekwondo intensively and correctly, most of the muscles and ligaments of the body are used. It is therefore important to warm up the entire musculoskeletal system through specific exercises. In between, individual sections are repeatedly warmed up or stretching exercises are carried out, sometimes in the form of Taekwondo techniques.
  • Primary school : individual techniques or combinations deepen the understanding of processes and possibilities of movement. So-called claws are also used here. These are punch pads with handles that serve as a target for full hand and foot techniques.
  • arranged fight : without risk of injury, but more realistic than the elementary school is the arranged fight. An attacker acts with previously agreed or specified attack techniques, the defender reacts with learned defense and counter techniques. A distinction is made between one-step, two- and three-step combat ( Ilbo, Ibo, Sambo Taeryon ) and the limited free fight ( Ban Ya Yoo ).
  • Free fight : Even in the non-arranged fight ( Chayu-Taeryon ) the correct execution of techniques is trained in response to the actions of the partner. This requires a high level of body control and the ability to concentrate. In the special free fight only with feet ( yokgi ), no hand techniques may be used. The high leg techniques, twist and jump kicks are a hallmark of Taekwondo. Strikes below the belt and attacks to the back are not allowed. Each association has its own rules for competitions.
  • Form run : formalized and rehearsed sequence of techniques ( Hyeong , Poomse ) as combat training against imaginary opponents.
  • Meditation : Following the training, a brief moment of silence can take place in order to collect yourself and make the energy that was concentrated in the training "suitable for everyday use" again.
  • Theory : on Taekwondo history and background, on techniques, rules and legal aspects (e.g. self-defense ).

Breathing technique

A good breathing technique gives strength and energy (Korean ki ), a controlled breathing hides from the opponent whether you are vulnerable or vulnerable.

In martial arts, you breathe through the diaphragm ( abdominal breathing - lifting the abdominal wall pulls the diaphragm down and fills the lungs), in contrast to shallow chest breathing . Inhale through the nose and exhale through the mouth.

Loud, audible breathing strengthens the beginner's consciousness and teaches him the right rhythm. However, advanced learners should only breathe loudly during explicit breathing exercises and be aware that this will alert the opponent to the best time to attack during combat. A quick reaction is hardly possible during the breathing phase; the effect of a hit is significantly higher. During a fight, you should, if possible, conceal it, but still breathe correctly and forcefully.

Battle cry

The battle cry is called Gihap (기합, 氣 合) in Korean (McCune-Reischauer: Kihap ). Gi stands for "life energy", while Hap means something like "collection" or "union". The Gihap increases the tension of the body at the time of contact with the opponent in order to give the technique maximum power and control and to increase concentration. With the air being forced out and the muscles tensed, the airways are less sensitive to counter-blows, and a hit on the chest (or a fall on the chest / back) in the inhalation or exhalation phase would be very uncomfortable. In combat, the Gihap naturally also serves to intimidate the opponent. In partner exercises, the fight call indicates the beginning and the end of the techniques.

The Gihap therefore occupies a special position in breathing technology . In order to achieve the desired effect, it must come out of the abdomen with sufficient force. Beginners tend to use only the vocal cords and put unnecessary strain on them. Such a breathing technique is also considered ineffective. When done correctly , the Gihap forces pure, correct diaphragmatic breathing at the crucial moment.

The sound of the Gihap is not standardized, but is articulated in different ways .

The battle cry can vary in strength. If you use it as a signal at the beginning or end of the exercise, the Gihap can be articulated comparatively quietly. A vigorous puff of air such as B. "Ha!" Is sufficient and protects the vocal cords. On the other hand, if you are faced with a serious hurdle, such as a break test, you can collect your energies ( Gi ) more strongly ( Hap ) with a very powerful "I-YA" .

In Japanese martial arts, the scream is called kiai .

Positions

In order to be able to carry out defense and attack techniques in Taekwondo, there are some typical suitable positions (Korean Sogi ). The more correctly the positions are taken, the more stable the basis for your own techniques. Depending on the style , the terms for the individual positions, kicks or punches differ slightly from one another. Moving out of the postures and performing them properly is an important part of the training.

The most common positions are:

  • Chariot Sogi (attention position): The heels touch each other, the feet point 22.5 ° outwards.
  • Junbi Sogi or Narani Sogi (preparatory position or parallel position): feet about shoulder width apart, the fists are in front of the belt (lower abdomen)
  • Moa Sogi (closed position): The insides of the feet touch each other.
  • Ap Gubi or Chongul Sogi ( gait position): A wide and low position (low center of gravity - front leg is bent (approx. 90 °) like after a very long forward step that is about two and a half shoulder widths long). The weight is evenly distributed on both legs. The back leg remains straight, the back foot points 25 ° -30 ° outwards. The feet are not in one line, you have about a shoulder width (individual) between them. Together with the center of gravity, this ensures a secure stance. Also ideal for punching in connection with a lunge; at the same time you can change to other positions very quickly.
  • Ap Sogi (step position): A short position, like a simple step, occurs frequently in the shapes and is also ideal for changing very quickly into other positions.
  • Dwit Gubi or Hugul Sogi (L position): A typical defensive position. The feet are L-shaped (front foot facing the opponent, rear foot turned 90 ° outwards), 2/3 of the body weight rests on the rear foot. The advantage is that the body can easily be brought out of the opponent's line of attack by pendulum movement and the front foot can be used for fast counter-kicks (because it is quickly free of weight). Both knees are slightly bent so that the kneecap and heel of the front one form a vertical line. The back knee is more bent due to the greater weight so that the kneecap and tip of the toe form a vertical line. The distance between the feet is about one shoulder width. The feet are almost in line so that a straight cord can be stretched between the heel of the back foot and the inside of the front foot.
  • Kima Sogi or Chuchum Sogi (sitting or rider position): feet wide apart, legs strongly bent. An ideal position for many hand techniques, also suitable for quick sideways movements. The feet are parallel and point forward. The knees are bent so that you get the feeling of sitting on a horse (hence equestrian position).
  • Koa Sogi or Kyocha Sogi (crossed position): The legs are crossed, the foot of the standing leg is fully on the floor, the other foot only touches the floor with the ball of the foot, both knees are slightly bent, the upper body is upright, and the view goes in the direction of attack.
  • Guburyo Sogi ( bent posture ): On one leg. This position serves as a preparatory position for side, front and rear kicks.
  • Waebal Sogi : The standing leg is stretched out while the sole of the other foot touches the knee joint.
  • Sasun Sogi (diagonal position): The same principle applies here as for the sitting position, only the heel of the front foot lies on the same line as the toes of the rear foot.
  • Soojik Sogi (vertical position): A short version of the L position. There is a shoulder-width distance between both heels.
  • Gojung Sogi (fixed position): This position is the same as the L position with the following exception: The body weight is evenly distributed over both legs.
  • Dwit Bal Sogi (cat's foot position): There is a shoulder width between the toes of both feet, the back knee is bent until the knee protrudes over the toes; the front knee is bent until only the ball of the foot touches the ground.
  • Nachuo Sogi (low position): This position is similar to the gait position, but is about half a shoulder width wider.

Hand and arm techniques

The hand and arms are used in their entire length for blocks (defense and stopping of attacks) and impact hits.

Typical punch ( Chigi ), push ( Jirugi ) and stab forms ( Chirugi ) are:

  • Jumok Jirugi : punch
  • Sonnal Chigi : Strike with the edge of the hand
  • Sonnal Bakkat Chigi : Hit with the edge of the palm
  • Batangson Jirugi : Ball of the hand
  • Palkup Chigi : Elbow strike forward
  • Dung Jumok Ape Chigi : Slap the back of the hand forward
  • Me Jumok Chigi : Fist punch
  • Pyonsonkut Chirugi : fingertip engraving

Typical block shapes are:

  • Makki : Block
  • Arae Makki : Leg block or forearm block down over the leg on the same side
  • Momtong Makki : Body block or forearm block from the ear in front of the upper body (Kingrenze)
  • Olgul Makki : head block or forearm block up
  • Momtong An makki : Forearm block in front of the body from the outside in
  • Momtong Bakkat makki : Forearm block in front of the body from the inside out
  • Sonnal Makki : Appropriate defense with the edge of the palm and with the edge of the palm in front of the legs (Sonal Arae Makki), body or head

Foot and leg techniques

In Taekwondo, the foot techniques have a special meaning; In contrast to other martial arts, they are particularly emphasized here. Through intensive training, you can also hit quickly and high with foot techniques.

The advantage is that you have a relatively large range in which you can land very effective hits with the strong leg, buttock and back muscles. In addition, the use of the legs gives the Taekwondo fighter two additional options that the opponent z. T. can be used quite surprisingly because the approach is outside of his field of vision. Jumps or techniques from one turn, possibly even multiple turns, achieve a special surprise effect. Combinations of block and kick with the leg or foot are also surprising.

Goals are primarily solar plexus ( solar plexus ), lower lateral ribs, chin / face, forehead and temple area, as well as leg and knee. Foot techniques can also be used to defend against and block enemy attacks.

Typical foot techniques are:

  • Ap-Chagi : Front step . Straight forward kick. The hit area is the ball of the foot (or the back of the foot, e.g. in a WTF competition).
  • Yop-Chagi : Sideways kick . Lateral twisted thrust forward. The hit area is the outer edge of the foot or the lower heel.
  • Dwit-Chagi : Kick backwards. A kick performed over the back with the back foot. The hit area is the lower heel or the entire sole of the foot.
  • Dollyo-Chagi : rotary kick (semicircular forward). A kick turned from the hip and coming from the side. The back of the foot is hit.
  • Pandae-Dollyo-Chagi or Momdollyo-Huryo-Chagi : heel twist strike. A circular kick, twisted over the back with the back foot, is hit with the heel.
  • Hurio-Chagi or Gygolo-Chagi : whip kick . With the twisted foot coming from below, an opponent standing sideways can be hit with the ball of the ball.
  • Naeryo-Chagi : swing or downward kick . A high kick from top to bottom, almost straight leg. Suitable for attacks with the heel on the head or chest (from the outside).
  • Twio-Chagi : Jump kick . According to the types of steps mentioned above, a cracked front step is called a Twio Ap-Chagi etc.
  • Neyo chagi : crescent kick (from inside)

Break test ( Kyok Pa )

Looks spectacular, but has little practical importance in training: smashing boards, bricks and stones. This ability results from the consistent training of strength, speed and accuracy of a technique. The fracture test requires precise technical execution with an exact focus, power and speed. Only a correctly executed technique will break the board.

The power, speed and technique of a punch or kick is demonstrated in tests (and demonstrations) usually on 30 × 30 cm and approx. 3 cm thick pine boards. There are thinner boards for children and women, but you can also lay several boards on top of each other to increase the level of difficulty. It becomes even more difficult when you have to demonstrate your technique on a free-standing, one-sided or even thrown board. Other options include performing the technique while jumping or performing techniques on different boards at the same time.

Bricks, coconuts, Ytong stones and other objects are only used for the spectacular show during demonstrations.

Self defense, fight

Today, self-defense is only a side effect of the more sporty Taekwondo. Of course, all exercises are geared towards being able to assert yourself against an opponent in an emergency. Some special self-defense techniques ( Hosinsul ) enable the experienced to quickly repel attackers and bring them under control.

Some training is required, however; the one who is looking for a few tricks for the next fight will not find it here. Only in higher grades is the fight against opponents practiced specifically with training fights.

In any case, Taekwondo strengthens self-confidence and confidence in one's own abilities and by this alone helps to keep a cool head and assert oneself in conflict situations.

Additional information

literature

  • Jae-Hwa Kwon: Zen Art of Self Defense. OW Barth Verlag, Vienna 1970, ISBN 3-502-64375-X .
  • Robert tile: one-step fight Ilbo-Taeryon: evade - repel - counter. 1st edition. Weinmann, Berlin 2001, ISBN 3-87892-071-7 .
  • Michael Unruh: The 12 Taekwondo Hyong's: the precision exercises of Taekwondo. 10th edition. Weinmann, Berlin 2002, ISBN 3-87892-049-0 .
  • Jürgen Höller, Axel Maluschka : Taekwondo self-defense - basics, training practice, belt training. 1st edition. Meyer and Meyer, Aachen 2003, ISBN 3-89124-954-3 .

See also

Web links