Tárogató

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Tárogató

The tárogató (also taragot ) is a woodwind instrument with a simple reed and looks similar to the clarinet . In terms of instruments, it is a wooden saxophone , as it has a conically drilled sound tube and blows over into the octave. The sound is softer than the saxophone and more open than the clarinet. The instrument was developed in Hungary towards the end of the 19th century. It is also considered to be the national instrument of Hungary.

history

Kuruc tárogató or töröksíp , historical double reed instrument

The name tárogató for woodwind instruments has been documented in Hungarian scripts since the 16th century. In Hungarian music it was understood to be a double reed instrument with a conical bore. The origin of the Turkish zurna also explains the name töröksíp , "Turkish pipe".

This original tárogató was also used as a signaling instrument. As it gained symbolic importance for the Hungarian national consciousness during the uprising of Francis II Rákóczi (1703–1711), it was suppressed by the Habsburg monarchy in the 18th century.

The instrument with a simple reed, known today as the tárogató , was invented by Vencel József Schunda in Budapest around 1894–96 , and so named in a conscious take up of the Hungarian tradition.

Different flap systems were used in the Schunda and Stowasser workshops. The most common form, the soprano instrument in Bb, is around 74 cm long. Larger forms also exist. Stowasser offered seven different sizes, right down to the double bass in Eb.

Since the 1920s, the instrument has also been widespread in Romania under the name Taragot or Torogoata .

shape

The Tárogató looks similar to the clarinet, but is more closely related to the straight soprano saxophone due to its conical bore . The four parts of the tárogató are:

  1. Mouthpiece: Contains the simple reed that is attached with a ligature
  2. Upper piece: Here the keys are played with the left hand
  3. Lower piece: Here the keys are played with the right hand
  4. Sound beaker: is equipped with tone holes, the number varies from make to make (for example with Schunda 3, Stowasser 12)

In addition to the design with classic fingering, modern manufacturers also offer Böhm versions , some even with covered tone holes, which makes it easier for the musician to switch to the saxophone .

Makes

The Schunda or Stowasser companies, which had been leaders in building the instrument, were closed after the Second World War. For a long time the Tárogató was only built by the Hammerschmidt & Sons company. In the meantime, however, there are instrument makers again, mainly in Hungary and Romania, but also in France, Belgium and Canada, who are building Tárogatós.

volume

literature

  • Eszter Fontana: Tárogató. In: Laurence Libin (Ed.): The Grove Dictionary of Musical Instruments. Vol. 4, Oxford University Press, Oxford / New York 2014, pp. 718f
  • Bernhard Habla: Musica Pannonica 3 . Pannonian Research Center Oberschützen, Oberschützen 1998

Web links

Commons : Tárogató  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Stephen Fox: The Tárogató.
  2. ↑ a b c d Rákóczi Tárogató Association: The History of the Tárogató , accessed on July 13, 2012
  3. ↑ a b A Brief History of the Tarogato Archived copy ( Memento of the original from May 24, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.11thmuse.com
  4. ↑ Manufacturer of wooden saxophones, including Tarogatos ( Memento from January 27, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
  5. ↑ Overview of manufacturers (Hungarian) ( Memento from January 11, 2017 in the Internet Archive )