Tarama Dergisi
The Tarama Dergisi , with its full name Osmanlıcadan Türkçeye Söz Karşılıkları Tarama Dergisi , was a work published in the early 1930s by the then Türk Dili Tetkik Cemiyeti (Society for the Study of the Turkish Language, today Türk Dil Kurumu ).
Surname
The name is composed of the Turkish words tarama and dergi , which are sometimes used in modern Turkish with completely different meanings. Tarama in this context is not a kind of fish roe, but a verbal noun of taramak , which means to comb, to search , in modern language also to scan ; dergi has replaced the word mecmua for magazine from Ottoman times in modern Turkish today only this meaning, but is unspecific here as a noun derivation of the verb dermek , which means to gather together . The title could be translated from Ottoman into Turkish as a collection of search results for word equivalents .
Emergence
The aim of the efforts that led to the Tarama Dergisi was to replace the vocabulary of foreign, especially Arabic and Persian origins with those with a genuine Turkish derivation. The work was published in several fascicles from 1932 onwards and appeared in two volumes in 1934. It was the result of various sources. On the one hand, as part of a “mobilization for vocabulary survey” ( söz derleme seferberliği ) at provincial, district and county level, committees were set up nationwide to collect vocabulary that was in use locally and regionally. Then the existing and tangible folk poetry and other works, including the first Turkish dialect dictionary, were searched and vocabulary from Azerbaijani and Turkmen was used. Among the newspaper readers, for example, competitions were held for the submission of genuine Turkish vocabulary to replace those of the traditional Ottoman literary language. In addition, the Turkic language dictionaries were searched and lost or forgotten vocabulary collected from the works of writers in the past. The word lists previewed by the various collection points were subjected to a brief review, which was mainly carried out by middle school teachers, and then published. With the result of the hasty and unsystematic work, many vocabulary remained, which the editors already put a question mark on.
Use and continuation
The Tarama Dergisi proved to be of little help for the goal of language reform. A whole bunch of supposedly Turkish equivalents was available for a term, most of which were not generally known. For a short time there was a Babylonian language confusion. It could for example for the reproduction of the still widely used definition kalem (pen, writing instrument) can be selected between the dialect expressions yağuş or yazgaç from Izmir or Bandırma , the Karaim cizgiç or sızgıç , the Tartar kavrı , kamış from the Ottoman Großwörterbuch (Kamus) by Sami Frashëri from 1901 or yuvuş from the Dictionaire Turk-Orientale by the French orientalist Abel Jean Baptiste Pavet de Courteille from 1870. For the word Hediye (gift), which is also still used today , there were even 77 equivalents from açı to ertüt and tanşu to yarlığaş and zını .
In practice, the substitution of the vocabulary by the İkameci was carried out.
In the period that followed, it turned out that the language reform could not be successful in this way. Now numerous words originally originating from Arabic, for example, especially when they were common in Turkish and inserted into the Turkish language, were simply declared as originally Turkish.
The Turkish-Ottoman pocket language guide ( Türkçeden osmanlıcaya cep kılavuzu ), published on the basis of Tarama Dergisi in 1935 , then formed the origin of numerous neologisms.
swell
- Geoffrey L. Lewis: The Turkish language reform. A Catastrophic Success. Oxford University Press, Oxford [ua] 1999, ISBN 0198238568 , Chapter 4: Ataturk and the Language Reform until 1936, pp. 49-56
- Agop Dilâçar: Kemalizmin dil ve tarih tezi. In: Ataturk devrimleri. 1. Milletlerarası Sempozyonu. Pp. 467–485, İstanbul, 1975, Turkish, German translation. In: Jens Peter Laut: Turkish as an original language. Linguistic Theories in the Age of Awakening Turkish Nationalism. Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 2000, Document 5, pp. 274-291
Single receipts
- ↑ Geoffrey L. Lewis: The Turkish language reform. A Catastrophic Success. Oxford University Press, Oxford [ua] 1999, ISBN 0198238568 , Chapter 4: Ataturk and the Language Reform until 1936, p. 50
- ↑ Geoffrey L. Lewis: The Turkish language reform. A Catastrophic Success. Oxford University Press, Oxford [ua] 1999, ISBN 0198238568 , Chapter 4: Ataturk and the Language Reform until 1936, p. 60