Disguise and deceive

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In military parlance, camouflage and deception are all measures that serve to protect an individual soldier or a military unit from enemy observation or military reconnaissance or to mislead the enemy into making false assumptions and measures. The model for the camouflage are the camouflage costumes of animals.

Camouflage

Vehicle camouflaged with a camouflage garage on a telecommunications exercise in 1984 - but when changing position, the vehicle was without camouflage
Camouflaged soldiers of the Israeli army in the field

Every soldier on duty must expect to be observed and cleared up by enemy forces at any time and anywhere. In order to make reconnaissance difficult or impossible, it is necessary that the soldier always uses suitable measures to protect himself, his weapon and equipment , vehicle and field position from reconnaissance.

For this purpose, the soldier behaves inconspicuously and moves according to the terrain , along terrain lines and in the shadows of terrain coverings, protects himself by using the existing cover options such as terrain depressions or underneath terrain elevations against being seen and hostile weapon effects, adapts to the environment by natural means Camouflage material such as plants or artificial such as a camouflage net to blur its contours and avoid or remove its traces.

Camouflage is also carried out by avoiding noises, traces, smoke or dust, light and reflections as well as creating natural camouflage by using shadows , elevations in the ground, vegetation, ditches, forest or shadows for one's own movements in the terrain and artificial camouflage through camouflage clothing, camouflage nets or grass dress. In the Bundeswehr, burlap strips and burlap strips have been used for helmet camouflage since ancient times . Mitznefet is used for this in the Israeli army .

Noise camouflaging of own noises takes place through natural other noises which superimpose them.

The camouflage must constantly be improved and supplemented and, if necessary (if the environment changes), be replaced. The soldier has to make sure that he does not obstruct his own view, mobility and weapon effect - effect takes precedence over camouflage and cover.

Camouflage is a constant task that does not require a separate order - the soldier camouflages himself at all times. Every soldier must be aware that any negligence renders the camouflage of many others ineffective.

The symbol of the medical service (red cross on a white background), which is subject to the special protection of international law , is generally not camouflaged. Exceptions to this are combat missions where the other side does not pay attention to this - see also the mission in Afghanistan. The behavior of the opposing side does not release the soldier from observing the international law of war.

To deceive

Military deceptive measures include a. the operation of bogus radio stations, the setting up of tank and vehicle dummies, the creation of shallow settings and bogus lanes.

Deceptions are used to mislead the enemy into making false assumptions and actions through the use of lists. Deceptive measures are only used on the basis of a separate order .

Deceptions can be bogus radio traffic to simulate that there are no troops. Fake traces or dummies can simulate them optically, tape recordings of noises such as tank driving noises or building noises can simulate them acoustically.

Deceptions and lists must not violate international law. It is forbidden to wear the uniform of the opponent or to abuse the symbol of the Red Cross .

In operations management , a sham attack can simulate an attack of its own. This is not carried out with the same intensity as an attack that is carried out with the intention of striking the enemy, but only with small forces that simulate stronger forces and is intended to induce the enemy to use his reserves at this battle point in order to consume them. Simultaneously with the fake attack, forces are covertly provided for one's own attack with the intention of breaking through, in order to attack the now weakened opponent at a weak point.

See also

swell

Educational films