Deaf dumbness
| Classification according to ICD-10 | |
|---|---|
| H91.3 | Deaf dumbness, not elsewhere classified |
| ICD-10 online (WHO version 2019) | |
Deaf-dumbness , substantiated from the adjective deaf and dumb , referred to the inability of people to hear and to express themselves in spoken language, especially in the 18th and 19th centuries. Since the second half of the 20th century, the word "deaf and dumb" has been considered out of date and those affected perceive it as discriminatory. A value-neutral term in the German-speaking area is " deaf ", in Germany and Austria it is also "deaf".
Concept history
The compound adjective was first created around 1775 in Leipzig , when Samuel Heinicke opened a school for deaf children . Previously either “deaf”, “dumb”, “deaf and dumb”, or “deaf who is dumb” ( Martin Luther ) were used. Corresponding word compositions in other languages (French sourd-muet , English deaf-mute , Spanish sordomudo etc.) also emerged at the same time as the beginning of the education of deaf children in these countries. Together with the word "deaf", "deaf and dumb" helped the deaf and dumb teaching profession to achieve a higher political standing, as a deaf and dumb teacher could say about his work, " We make deaf people out of the deaf and dumb through our teaching skills ". Including deaf children to learn speaking and avoidance are the sign with the saying " If you gebärdest believe (listening) People, you were deaf and dumb. You learned to speak so you are only deaf. “Motivated.
The word "deaf and dumb" is now considered out of date and is often taken as an insult for two reasons: On the one hand, deaf people can acquire a - differently pronounced - ability to speak through targeted speech training ; So deafness does not necessarily lead to vocal muteness . On the other hand, users of sign language are quite capable of communicating fluently. They are perceived as "mute" if the other person does not speak sign language. The term “deaf and dumb” thus implies a non-existent defect. To illustrate this, it can be said that the majority of people are “sign-blind” or “sign language disabled”. The association “dumb” with “stupid” - sign language is a monkey language - also plays a role.
literature
- Hartmut Teuber: Hearing Impaired, Hearing Impaired, Deaf or Deaf? In: The sign. 1995, No. 31, pp. 40-43.
- Ernst Wasserzieher : Where from? Deriving dictionary of the German language. Dümmler Verlag, Bonn 1981, ISBN 3-427-83018-7 , p. 412.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Why should one say «deaf»? (PDF) Swiss Deaf Association, accessed on June 8, 2017 .
- ↑ Nancy Creighton: "What is Wrong With the Use of The Terms: 'Deaf-mute', 'Deaf and dumb', or 'Hearingimpaired'?" (PDF) National Association of the Deaf, accessed June 8, 2017 .
