Rope
The Tauerei is a generic term for the chain shipping and the cable shipping and is referred to, especially in the older literature as Touage. It describes the system of tug shipping, in which the tugboat is pulled along a chain or rope. The chain steamer or rope steamer moved in this way usually serves as a tugboat (Toueur) to which the cargo ships are attached. The term Tauerei has nothing with the word dew do (rope) which is located at the Tauer (Toueur) moved forward. Rather, the term comes from the French word touage (from touer = to pull, to drag), which was used for this type of locomotion in France. In the English translation for pull to tow , the German term for rope is derived.
Chain shipping
Chain shipping was developed in France and spread to many rivers in Europe in the second half of the 19th and first half of the 20th centuries.
Cable boat trip
On some rivers or river stretches, a rope was used instead of a chain, for example in the rope boat trip on the Rhine from Emmerich to Bingen or on the Maas. For ropes, the flap drum designed by Fowler for his steam plows was used , which was attached in the front third of the ship on the port side. Cable navigation on canals in America was planned but not implemented.
Chain and rope
The wire rope used on the Meuse had a diameter of 25 mm and was composed of 42 iron wires. It weighed 2.25 kg per meter, while the chain weighed 15 kg with a diameter of 26 mm. According to previous experience, chain and rope face each other as follows: The peculiarity of the lateral rope guidance requires stronger ship construction and increased displacement or greater draft. The control is made more difficult on one side, breaks in the ropes can only be repaired by lengthy work (splicing), while chains only have to be shackled. Chains lay better on the ground than ropes. A rope, on the other hand, is more durable, albeit more expensive, and that's why steep stretches, such as the Binger Loch , have been roped with great success. The ropes in the Rhine had a diameter of 43 millimeters. After all, the ropes are lighter than the chains, and the noise of the moving ships is much less than that of the chain steamers. The absolute usage time of a rope or chain depends, among other things, on the strength of the business. The first rope from Oberkassel to Bingen lasted 4½ years, the second 5½ years. The rope laid out in the 1890s should last about 6½ years with a towing amount of 9½ to 10 million hundredweight (= 500,000 tons).
The rope ships on the Rhine also had two propellers, so they could go down to the valley freely. The ropes on the Rhine existed from 1873 to the beginning of the 20th century.
The main advantage of the rope construction compared to steam tug ships was the lower freight costs, both due to the lower coal consumption of the chain ships as well as greatly reduced personnel costs. According to Meitzen , the cost of pulling power for a ship with a load capacity of 7,000 quintals is calculated under the same conditions per hundredweight and mile for horse pulls at 0.16, tugboats at 0.04, roping at 0.01 to 0.02 pfennigs.
Individual evidence
Web links
- Notes about the ship's train by means of sunk chains or wire ropes and about the experiments carried out with the rope remorqueurs on the Maas in Belgium In: Johannes Ziegler (Ed.): The archive for sea creatures: communications from the fields of nautical science, shipbuilding and mechanical engineering , artillery, hydraulic structures, etc. Volume 5, Carl Gerold's Sohn: Vienna 1869, pp. 466–481
- R. Ziebarth: About chain and rope shipping with regard to the experiments at Liège in June 1869 In: Verein deutscher Ingenieure (Ed.): Journal of the Association of German Engineers, Volume XIII, Issue 12, Rudolph Gaertner: Berlin 1869, p. 737 –748, panels XXV and XXVI
- JH: rope. Chain or rope , In: Eduard Wiss: Vierteljahrschrift für Volkswirtschaft, Volume 19, Volume 4, Herbig Company, Berlin 1882, pp. 89–96