Technoscience

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Technoscience (also techno science and partly in the German translation (general) technical science ) is a new wordfor social practices in which technology and science are inextricably linked and can no longer be distinguished conceptually. TechnoScience is a widespread concept in inter- and transdisciplinary science and technology research that indicates a fundamental change in scientific culture, in which the technological context of science becomes constitutive for it. In other words, the term recognizes that scientific knowledge is not only socially coded and historically situated, but is also preserved from material (non-human) networks.

It is characteristic of technoscience that the research object is not understood as existing independently and the researcher as a "humble witness" ( Donna Haraway ), but that research and research object are mutually dependent. Examples of this interaction of techno-science with its subject are the crab mouse , an artificial model organism , and the scanning probe microscope , with which nanoparticles can be scanned and manipulated, and bionics in general .

In some contexts, technoscience is already understood as an epoch term, replacing that of late modernism. It denotes the connections between technological, scientific and economic practices that are characteristic of modern societies in the third millennium.

Levels

On a descriptive-analytical level, technoscience examines the decisive role of natural and technical sciences in the development of knowledge. What role do the large research laboratories, in which experimental experiments are carried out on organisms, play in the view of things around us? To what extent do these investigations, experiments and the knowledge gained there shape our view of nature and our bodies? How does this knowledge relate to the concept of the living as a biofact ? To what extent does this knowledge flow into technical innovations? Can the laboratory be understood as a metaphor for social structures as a whole?

On a historical level, the term technoscience also functions as an epoch term. The penetration of everyday life with techno-scientific practices and artifacts, the fundamental change in the understanding of technology and the merging of science and technology are considered to be essential factors for the new conditions for knowledge production in technoscience. The term technoscience also condenses the mechanization of science, the new efficiency of (post-) industrial technology through the new construction of the organic, the fusion of a systemic technology with the social, the circumscriptions of symbolic order through technoscientific practices and rhetoric as well as training of a techno-imaginary. The new character of technoscience compared to traditional natural and technical sciences becomes particularly clear in the shift in the ontological and epistemological foundations of natural and technosciences in their new rhetorical and visual strategies.

On a deconstructivist level, theorists of technoscience, e.g. B. the sociologist of technology Bruno Latour , the natural science historian Donna Haraway and the theoretical particle physicist Karen Barad , critical of scientific practices. A supposed objectivity of these scientific descriptions is demystified and their performative, i.e. H. performing and staging, character shown. In addition, representatives of technoscience are looking for new forms of representation for researchers and those who have been researched.

On a visionary level, different social, literary, artistic and material technologies of western cultures in the third millennium are conceptualized under technoscience. The interplay of areas that are otherwise considered separately is focused and traditional demarcation is declared as questionable: demarcation between the sciences as well as between cultural areas such as science, technology, art and politics . The aim is to further define the term technology , techné (etymologically: art, craft, skill) in order to negotiate opportunities to participate in the process of producing knowledge and to think about alliance techniques.

See also

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Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Brandenburg Technical University Cottbus-Senftenberg: Chair of General Technical Science. (English version). Retrieved March 6, 2019 .
  2. ↑ Alfred Nordmann: "What is TechnoScience - On the change in scientific culture using the example of nano research and bionics." In: Torsten Rossmann, Cameron Tropea (ed.): "Bionics: Current research results in natural, engineering and humanities.", Springer , 2005, ISBN 3540218904 , p. 210.