Tendency towards increasing syllable affinity

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The tendency towards increasing syllable sonicity ( TSS ) is a linguistic phenomenon in the history of the Slavic languages at the time of Ur- Slavonic .

It encompasses several sound processes, the result of which is the production of increasing sonority (sonority) within the syllables. The syllable (ie syllable-forming) vowels have the highest sonority of the sounds in human speech, followed by the unsyllabic vowels, the sonors m, n, l and r , the voiced noise consonants and finally the unvoiced noise consonants . The sound processes of the TSS played a major role in the development of the Slavic languages ​​from the Indo-European original language .

The sub-processes of the TSS

Loss of syllable and word-closing consonants

Consonants that are at the end of the syllable and thus cause a falling sonority disappear.

prosthesis

Syllables that have a constant sonority, for example because they only consist of one vowel, can be made more sonorous by placing a consonant i (= j ) or u (= v ) in front.

Consonant group simplification

Since the different consonants have different degrees of sonority (see above), groups of consonants can already have a decreasing sonority. Such consonant groups are simplified in the course of the TSS.

  • Example: op-sa > o-psa > o-sa ; see. new soot. osa

Nasal vowel formation

Vowels and the following m or n become the nasal vowel ę - for vowels in the front row ( e , ě , i , ь ) or ǫ - for vowels in the back row ( a , o , y , ъ ).

  • Example: ursl. na-č'ьn-ti > na-čę-ti ; see. new soot. načat '

As can be seen in the example, the nasal vowels developed further and are no longer preserved in today's Slavic languages ​​(the Polish nasal vowels were later formed anew).

Monophthongization

The Indo-European diphthongs are replaced by simple vowels. Since the second vowel of a diphthong has no syllabic function and is therefore unsilbic, diphthongs have a falling sonority, which is eliminated by monophthonging.

  • Example: poi-ti > pě-ti ; see. nut. pet '

tort groups

With the constellation consonant - o or e - r or l - consonant , the liquid ( r or l ) changes position with the preceding vowel. The syllable is opened like this.

  • Example: gor-dъ > gro-dъ

The so-called tort groups subsequently developed differently in the formation of the various Slavic languages. In East Slavonic the following applies: gor-dъ > gro-dъ > go-ro-dъ (compare New Russian gorod ), in West Slavonic (except Czech ): gor-dъ > gro-dъ (compare Polish gród ), in South Slavonic (and Czech) applies: gor-dъ > gro-dъ > gra-dъ (See. Serbian Beograd , ch. hrad )

Relocation of the syllable boundaries

When moving the syllable boundaries, consonants at the end of a syllable were separated from this and added to the following syllable.

swell

Rainer Eckert, Emilia Crome, Christa Fleckenstein: History of the Russian language . Leipzig: Verlag Enzyklopädie 1983. pp. 55-69.