Industrial furnace
An industrial furnace (also thermoprocessing system ) is defined according to VDMA 24202 as a "room enclosed by walls [...] [in which] heat is supplied to a good [...] in order to allow certain processes [...] to take place in the good or on its surface." . ”Without a furnace chamber one speaks of an“ industrial heating device ”.
Industrial furnaces are manufactured in furnace construction, which describes various branches of plant construction . As in special machine construction , these are usually designed and manufactured specifically according to customer requirements or at least provided with customer-specific adaptations.
The industrial furnaces are classified according to the type of furnace, the way in which the goods to be heated are accommodated, the type of heating, the wrapping material used, the processes used and the production area in which they are used.
Classification according to furnace design
Standing oven
- Chamber furnace
- Hollow oven, tub oven
- Shaft furnace
- Shuttle furnace
- Hood furnace
- Lifting hearth furnace
- Rennofen (approx. 3000 years and also used after the industrial revolution for the production of iron; from the late Middle Ages onwards also called piece furnace after further development )
- Retort furnace
Continuous furnace
- Shaft furnace
- Lower shaft furnace
- Rotary kiln , rotary hearth furnace
- Drum furnace
- Push, pulling furnace
- Shaking hearth furnace
- Roller hearth furnace
- Tunnel furnace
- Walking beam furnace
- Conveyor belt furnace, chain conveyor furnace
- Paternoster furnace
- Pull-through furnace
- Chute furnace
Classification according to acceptance
Vessels
- Crucible, tub, muffle, pot; removable or fixed
- Stove, pan tight
- Tube bundle for liquid goods
- Container, rack
Solid base
- Fixed stove
- Rail storage
- Tray, rack, grate storage
- Muffle, pipes → muffle furnace
Movable base
- Roller hearth
- Sliding stove
- Portrayal
Others
- without storage
- Floating
- other
Classification according to heating
Electric heating
- Arc → arc furnace
- Inductive → induction furnace , crucible furnace
- Capacitive
- Resistance heating
- Conductive
- Infrared
- Electron beam
Fuel heating
Directly using a burner or indirectly using a jet pipe or jet surfaces
- gas
- oil
- Solid → cupola furnace
Mixed
- Combined heating
Other
- Gaseous
- Thermal oil
- Hot water
- steam
- Others
- Without a heater
Classification according to wrapping material
- Gaseous: air, protective gas, vacuum, steam
- Liquid: oil, salt, metal, water
- Solid: powder, ore
Classification according to procedure
- Smelting → cupola furnace , electric arc furnace , induction furnace
- dry
- Heat
- Keep warm
- Heat treatment ( tempering , hardening , tempering )
- Sintering
- Evaporate
- Roast
Classification according to production area
- Ore → general smelting furnace
- Steel, iron → especially blast furnace
- Non-ferrous metals
- Glass, enamel, ceramics → Hoffmann's ring furnace
- Cement, lime, gypsum
- Inorganic substances
- rubber
- plastic
- Pulp
- Wood
- Food, luxury foods, animal feed
- Organic substance
- Gases
- liquids
- mineral oil
- Fuels
- Garbage, garbage
