Mömbris Castle

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Mömbris Castle
Castle stable of Mömbris Castle below the Old Cemetery (view to the east)

Castle stable of Mömbris Castle below the Old Cemetery (view to the east)

Alternative name (s): Mömbris Castle, Memmelris Castle ( slosze Memmelris ) (around 1300)
Creation time : before 1300
Conservation status: Burgstall
Place: Mömbris
Geographical location 50 ° 4 '16.6 "  N , 9 ° 9' 28.4"  E Coordinates: 50 ° 4 '16.6 "  N , 9 ° 9' 28.4"  E
Height: 180  m above sea level NHN
Mömbris Castle (Bavaria)
Mömbris Castle

The castle Mömbris , including Castle Mömbris called, is an Outbound castle in the Bavarian Spessart in today's market Mömbris in Aschaffenburg .

location

The castle stood in the middle Kahlgrund as a spur castle on the edge of the medieval Mömbris on a sloping mountain slope to the left of the Kahl and is now below the old cemetery in Mömbris.

About the etymology

The former moat that separated and secured the fort-like castle complex (left) to the south to the mountain side (right side of the picture)

The castle is still incorrectly called Womburg today. This is because the sago writers in the 19th century did not know how to locate the Womburg, which was presumably located near Schimborn , 1.5 km away . The misconception that the Womburg was located at the Mömbriser Friedhof also led to the street in Strötzbach being called Womburgstraße .

From what the name of the castle and place Mömbris is actually derived is not exactly known. There are two possible theories:

  • The name Mömbris goes back to the Middle High German word Hemelris , which means something like clearing of swamp , which took place in the vicinity of the castle before this time.
  • The original name Hemmilriz consists of the personal name Hemilio and the Middle High German word riz , which means column or furrow . The changing initial letter from H to M can come from a possible agglutination of the preposition ending: (a) m Hemmilriz or (zu) m Hemmilriz.

The name of the castle was carried over to the town of Mömbris , which originally existed around the castle to the west and moved to the southeast after the castle was destroyed in the Middle Ages.

history

Panorama from the old cemetery: left half of the picture of the castle stables, castle moat on three sides, right edge of the picture: old cemetery wall

Only the castle stable is left of the castle . The clearly recognizable plateau lies east of the old cemetery. The Counts of Rieneck are considered to be the builders of the castle :

"... Mömbris Castle was owned by Rineck."

The castle was probably built at the same time as Hauenstein Castle before 1300. From here, together with Hüttelngesäß and Hauenstein Castle , the area of ​​the upper Kahl and the Lohr , which was under Rieneck's influence, was secured. Later the von Gayling , von Gonsrode (after the destruction they built the nearby Feste Hof Heimbach ) and other nobles owned shares in the castle, but only put castle men in the castle. In 1405 Mömbris Castle was destroyed by soldiers from Frankfurt and Gelnhausen on behalf of King Ruprecht . A Count Günther von Schwar (t) zburg , royal court master , is said to have led the march against Mömbris Castle. The Frankfurt craftsmen probably properly laid down the castle without resistance, cannons they carried with them remained in Alzenau and were not used. The Rieneck bailiff at Mömbris Castle, Rudolf von Bleichenbach , and the knight Hennen Schelris were allowed to move freely.

Since it was drawn in again on a site plan from 1708, it is assumed that the castle was rebuilt afterwards. The castle finally fell into disrepair by the end of the 18th century at the latest. In 1846 the already ruinous keep was demolished due to the danger of collapse. In 1884, during another (partial) demolition of Mömbris Castle, the brass seal of the last castle man Wiegand von Bleichenbach is said to have been found. During the First World War, corner walls up to two meters high are said to have been visible.

In April 2012 the cemetery should be expanded. Traces of the moat were discovered. The actual and almost square castle plateau has dimensions of around 25 by 32 meters. Except on the side facing the bald, the castle was surrounded on three sides with a wall-ditch system. On the slope side that slopes steeply to Kahlgrund, kennel - like terraces can still be seen to the north and north-east .

A nearly 21 cm large sculpture made of sandstone , which is a woman's head on a round body is on display in the town hall of Mömbris and is interpreted as a relic of the castle Mömbris.

The Burgstall is listed as a ground monument according to the Bavarian Monument List , which was drawn up on the basis of the Bavarian Monument Protection Act of October 1, 1973.

Excavations

The area of ​​excavations in the north

Similar to the nearby Hauenstein Castle, Markt Mömbris had the castle excavated with the approval of the Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation . The excavation of the responsible Archaeological Spessart Project took place from April to the end of August 2019.

A considerable number of finds from the destruction horizon of the castle are already documented.

The excavations indicate three phases of settlement:

  • A wooden castle that existed around 1250
  • An extension as a stone castle around 1300
  • It was designed as a permanent house around 1370 until it was destroyed in 1405

Different construction joints of the excavated walls still raise some questions about the concrete appearance of the building at different times.

Iron slag point to smelting processes : Iron was probably extracted and smelted here around 1300 . A fire layer with slagging suggests a fire and destruction of at least parts of the castle.

The excavations were able to show that the castle / Festes Haus only took up about a quarter of the formerly presumed castle grounds in the northern area and some of them were outside the presumed territory and had already been demolished when the cemetery was expanded in 2012. The "castle hill" that can be seen today is an embankment of the 19th century, after in the 18th / 19th century. In the 19th century, the area was expanded to include a square stone fence, which was later backfilled.

The excavation was also used for educational purposes and to convey local history. In addition to the participation of many volunteers in the excavations, children from the nearby Ivo-Zeiger elementary school were also involved in a school project, were able to experience insights into the excavation work in teams and were given regional history to touch.

  • Excavation area north corner

  • Excavation area west; on the right the later dry stone wall of the 19th century.

  • The same section from the south

  • Central excavation cut

Finds

  • Key find in very good condition

  • Bottom of a glass vessel

  • Side view

  • Aquamanile in the shape of a dog's head

literature

  • Dr. Alexander Kaufmann: V. King Ruprecht's campaign in the Wetterau. A contribution to the history of the Mömbris and Wasserlos castles , pp. 223–231. In: Archive of the Historical Association of Lower Franconia and Aschaffenburg , Volume 20, Würzburg 1869

Web links

Commons : Burg Mömbris  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Earlier spellings of the place from various historical maps and documents.
  2. ↑ a b The Womburg in: The saga treasure of Bayernland. Volume I: District of Lower Franconia , Würzburg 1877, p. 64 f.
  3. ↑ a b c Our Kahlgrund 2004 . Homeland yearbook for the Alzenau district. Published by the working group for homeland research and homeland maintenance of the Alzenau district, district administrator. ISSN  0933-1328 .
  4. ^ Wolf-Armin von Reitzenstein : Lexicon of Franconian place names. Origin and meaning . Upper Franconia, Middle Franconia, Lower Franconia. CH Beck, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-406-59131-0 , p. 150 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  5. ↑ Bavaria. Regional and Folklore of the Kingdom of Bavaria, Volume IV - Part 1: Lower Franconia and Aschaffenburg; Section: III. The Fulda Abbey , Cotta'sche Buchhandlung, Munich 1866, p. 379
  6. ↑ a b Burg Womburg: Mömbriser Heimatgeschichte - Burg Womburg on www.kulturlandschaft-kahlgrund.de ; accessed on January 24, 2018
  7. ↑ Alexander Kaufmann: V. King Ruprecht's campaign in the Wetterau. A contribution to the history of the Mömbris and Wasserlos castles , p. 228
  8. ^ Notices to the members of the Association for Hessian History and Regional Studies, 1884, message from Baron Waitz von Eschen about Alzenau and Mömbris Castle, p. CXII
  9. ↑ a b Karola Schmitt: The castle, which almost completely disappeared in Mömbris on www.bayern-blogger.de ; accessed on January 24, 2018
  10. ↑ Mömbris monument list of the Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation , No. D-6-5920-0068, Late Medieval Castle Stables , re-qualified (as of November 22, 2017)
  11. ↑ Community TV: News in January 2018 ; accessed in January 2018
  12. ^ The Mömbris Castle - Funde , ASP website; accessed on June 27, 2019
  13. ^ The Mömbris Castle - school project , website of the ASP; accessed on August 12, 2019