Alzenau

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coat of arms Germany map
Coat of arms of the city of Alzenau
Alzenau
Map of Germany, position of the city of Alzenau highlighted

Coordinates: 50 ° 5 '  N , 9 ° 4'  E

Basic data
State : Bavaria
Administrative region : Lower Franconia
County : Aschaffenburg
Height : 126 m above sea level NHN
Area : 59.32 km 2
Residents: 18,505 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density : 312 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code : 63755
Area code : 06023
License plate : AB , ALZ
Community key : 09 6 71 111
LOCODE : DE ALZ
City structure: 6 districts

City administration address : 		Hanauer Strasse 1
63755 Alzenau
Website : www.alzenau.de
First Mayor : Stephan Noll ( CSU )
Location of the city of Alzenau in the Aschaffenburg district
Alzenau Kahl am Main Karlstein am Main Kleinostheim Stockstadt am Main Großostheim Mainaschaff Mömbris Johannesberg (Bayern) Glattbach Wiesener Forst Forst Hain im Spessart Heinrichsthaler Forst Heinrichsthaler Forst Waldaschaffer Forst Schöllkrippener Forst Sailaufer Forst Rohrbrunner Forst Rothenbucher Forst Dammbach Dammbach Goldbach (Unterfranken) Geiselbach Westerngrund Schöllkrippen Kleinkahl Wiesen (Unterfranken) Krombach (Unterfranken) Sommerkahl Blankenbach Hösbach Sailauf Haibach (Unterfranken) Heigenbrücken Heinrichsthal Laufach Weibersbrunn Rothenbuch Waldaschaff Bessenbach Mespelbrunn Heimbuchenthal Dammbach Weibersbrunn Aschaffenburg Hessen Landkreis Miltenberg Landkreis Main-Spessartmap
About this picture
Urban area with the districts of Alzenau
Alzenau from Hahnenkamm seen

Alzenau ( pronunciation ? / I , until December 31, 2006 officially Alzenau i.UFr. ) Is a city in the north of the Lower Franconian district of Aschaffenburg . It is one of 13 efficient municipalities in Bavaria . In 2015 the Bavarian garden show "Nature in Alzenau" took place here. Audio file / audio sample

Geography and natural space

Geographical location

Alzenau is located on the eastern edge of the Rhine-Main area in the lower Kahlgrund . Most of the city districts are on or between the foothills of the Spessart with the ridge of the Hahnenkamm (436 m above sea level), which dominates the eastern district. The western part of the district, on the other hand, has a flat topography and forms the transition to the Main Plain with the neighboring towns of Kahl and Karlstein .

The topographically highest point in the city is on the summit of the Hahnenkamm at 436  m above sea level. NN (location) , the lowest is east of Dettingen am Forchbach at 108  m above sea level. NN (location) .

The Alzenau district itself lies between Kälberau and Kahl am Main at 127  m above sea level. NN and is traversed by the Kahl . The village of Wasserlos is located south of Alzenau . The highest point of the core city marking is below the summit of the Hahnenkamm at 403  m above sea level. NN (location) , the lowest is on the Kahl at 113  m above sea level. NN (location) .

On the A45 or the Kahlgrundbahn are Aschaffenburg , Hanau and Frankfurt reached quickly.

nature

The urban area lies in the Spessart Nature Park . With around 2600 hectares of forest and 85 hectares of vineyards , the name Stadt im Grünen is rightly known. An important element of the landscape in Alzenau is the large number of orchards, which, with their tall single trees, represent an important habitat for species that have become rare, such as red-backed killer and little owl. The planting of such fruit trees is financially supported by the city. The sandy grasslands in the “ Alzenauer Sande ” nature reserve , where some threatened and endangered wasteland species find a habitat, are also ecologically very important .

On August 18, 2019, an eastward moving super cell formed over the Saarland , which reached its peak in the Rhine-Main area. The severe gale force gusts from it destroyed around 200 hectares of the Alzenau forest. The under forest around the Alzenauer Sande, the Prischoss and the Hauckwald were particularly affected. The hailstones several centimeters in size and the extremely heavy rain also caused enormous damage.

There are several lakes in the district of Alzenau:

Neighboring communities

community
Rodenbach 		Community
Freigericht
Municipality of
Kahl am Main 		Neighboring communities Mömbris market
Karlstein am Main municipality
 Johannesberg parish

City structure

There are six districts:

district Residents Height
(m below sea level)
Coat of arms Albstadt (Alzenau) .png Albstadt 1280 160
Coat of arms of the city of Alzenau.svg Alzenau 7306 126
Coat of arms Hörstein.jpg Hörstein 3199 150
Coat of arms Kaelberau.png Rough calves 1359 139
Coat of arms Michelbach (Alzenau) .png Michelbach 2963 141
Wasserloswappen.jpg Waterless 2560 173
City of Alzenau 18,667

The hamlet Dörsthöfe and Maisenhausen Castle are not officially named districts.

The submerged villages of Bruchhausen and Prischoß were in what is now the area of ​​the city of Alzenau. The former districts of Elze , Oberschur and Sachsenhausen are today structurally fused with Alzenau and are now referred to as residential areas.

Surname

etymology

The village of Wilmundsheim vor der Hart , which preceded the urban settlement, changed its name to Alzenau in the 16th century. For the etymology of Wilmundsheim see: Name of Wilmundsheim . The place name Alzenau goes back to the name of the castle of the same name , whose origin is not exactly known. Three explanations are given:

  • The founding legend of the castle explains the name with the rescue of the lord of the castle , the Randenburg in Kälberau . His wife had carried him on her shoulders; When the burden became too heavy for her and her husband asked her to leave him behind, she only replied "too close" and dragged him over a nearby hill. The Randenburger is said to have founded a new castle there, which he called "Allzunah" in memory of this rescue.
  • Wolf-Armin von Reitzenstein attributes the castle name “Allzunah” to the fact that the settlement below or the opponents of the castle owner would have suffered a lot from the castle. The castle name was then provided with the early New High German basic word au (meadow) and transferred to the settlement.
  • The name Alzenau is also a corruption of the old words Altze - compare ancient Germanic * alisō - for "alder" and ahe for "bach". The alder brook meant by this describes the course of the Kahl river, where the small settlement below the castle was built.

The ending "au" was either copied from other nearby places such as Kälberau or Hanau or changed through a kind of spelling reform in the Mainz diocese. The additional designation " in Lower Franconia ", at times also " in Main Franconia ", was used in the 20th century to delimit Alzenau in Silesia (now Poland). In the dialect of Kahlgründer , the city of Alsenah and its inhabitants are called Alsenehcher .

Earlier spellings

Earlier spellings of the place from various historical maps and documents:

  • 953 Vuillimundesheim
  • 1000 Uuillimuntesheim
  • 1175 Willemundesheim
  • 1282 Wilmosheim
  • 1311 Wilmundsheim
  • 1339 Wilmatsheym
  • 1361 Wylmutzheym
  • 1487 Wolmetßheim near Altzenahe
  • 1515 Wolmezheim vel Alzena
  • 1529 Altzenaue
  • 1805 Alzenau
  • 1929 Alzenau in Lower Franconia
  • 2007 Alzenau

history

prehistory

In the district of Alzenau there are archaeological sites of graves of the Bell Beaker Culture (2600 BC), cremation graves from the older Urnfield Age (~ 1000 BC) and settlements and graves from the Hallstatt Age (older Iron Age).

middle Ages

Alzenau Castle

The oldest surviving written mention of Alzenau comes from the year 950. On the left of the Kahl, the village of Wilmundsheim is mentioned.

Alzenau was the main town of the Alzenau court of the same name and was one of the four dishes that formed the Alzenau free court . The oldest surviving evidence of the free court comes from 1309. The golden stripes in the city coat of arms symbolize this heritage. The free court was directly imperial , but the empire pledged or lent the area again and again. So the rulers changed, including the lords and later counts of Hanau , the lords of Randenburg and the lords of Eppstein .

The archbishops and electors of Mainz had been in possession of the Wildbann since the first half of the 13th century and built Alzenau Castle between 1395 and 1399 , on the right of the Kahl , opposite Wilmundsheim , to protect their local rights . In 1401, the settlement below this castle was granted city and market rights by King Ruprecht of the Palatinate , without any urban development. Later the old Wilmundsheim merged with the settlement on the right of the Kahl, from which it took its name.

Modern times

In 1500 , the Roman-German King Maximilian I enfeoffed the Archbishop of Mainz and the Count of Hanau-Münzenberg together with the Alzenau Free Court, which they now administered as a condominium . With the introduction of the Reformation in the county of Hanau, a religious competition developed between the two rulers, which hindered the spread of Protestantism. Alzenau remained Catholic and the ecclesiastical jurisdiction remained with the Archbishops of Mainz.

When Count Johann Reinhard III. In 1736, when the last male representative of the Hanau family died, the County of Hanau-Munzenberg, which Hanau also had a share in the Alzenau Free Court, inherited the Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel on the basis of an inheritance contract . To what extent this legacy relates to the free court, resp. The Alzenau condominium was controversial between Kurmainz and Hessen-Kassel. A settlement before the Reich Chamber of Commerce ended in 1739 with the real division of the Alzenau Free Court. In the following recess of 1748, the courts Hörstein and Alzenau fell to Kurmainz. In 1782 they were assigned to the Steinheim office as their own district bailiwick . The Mainz wheel in the Alzenau city arms and the Mainz wheel, as well as the bishop's staff in the arms of the former district of Alzenau, are a reminder of this.

The Reichsdeputationshauptschluss hit 1802, the Electoral Mainz Office Steinheim with Amtsvogtei Alzenau of Hesse-Darmstadt (1806 Grand Duchy) to. In 1811 the former Alzenau office was enlarged to include the bailiwick of the Geiselbach rule, which also fell to Hessen-Darmstadt in 1802. As a result of the June 30, 1816 in Frankfurt a. M. between Austria, Prussia and Hesse-Darmstadt and after the agreement of July 7, 1816, the Alzenau office came to the Kingdom of Bavaria and on January 1, 1817 became a third class regional court. In July 1828, the Alzenau district court was expanded to include parts of the disbanded Kaltenberg district court and made a first-class district court.

On July 1, 1862, the Alzenau District Office was formed from the Alzenau Regional Court, with Alzenau as its main town . With the construction of the Kahlgrundbahn , Alzenau - and with it the entire Kahlgrund - was connected to the rail network from 1898 . The Kahlgrundbahn favored industrialization , in particular cigar factories established themselves , the last one was not closed until the 1960s. In 1902 there were 21 cigar factories in Kahlgrund with 850 employees, some of them in Alzenau in Lower Franconia.

Incorporations

In 1951 Alzenau was again given city ​​rights by the Free State of Bavaria . In the course of the district reform , the districts of Alzenau and Aschaffenburg were merged on July 1, 1972. Kälberau was incorporated as early as January 1, 1972. This was followed by the communities of Albstadt and Wasserlos on July 1, 1972, the Hörstein market and Michelbach on July 1, 1975.

Religions

  • Roman Catholic parish of Saint Justinus; the vast majority of the population is Roman Catholic.
  • Evangelical Lutheran parish of Peter and Paul
  • Islamic-Sunni community for over 40 years, Alzenau mosque - Yavuz Sultan Selim Han Camii - free mosque without an umbrella organization
  • Until the 1940s there was a Jewish community in Alzenau, especially in today's Hörstein district; The Jewish cemetery has been preserved

politics

mayor

Alexander Legler was mayor from September 26, 2011 to April 30, 2020. Since he was elected to the district administrator of the Aschaffenburg district from May 1, 2020, the by-election took place on July 5, 2020, which Stephan Noll won with 54.8% of the votes.

City council

The Alzenau city council has 24 members plus the mayor with voting rights.

Elections to the Alzenau city council
Election date voter turnout CSU SPD FDP Green FW / PWG JU KL
0March 3, 2002 58.4% 12 seats 6 seats 2 seats 2 seats 2 seats - -
0March 2, 2008 58.8% 11 seats 5 seats 2 seats 3 seats 2 seats - 1 seat
March 16, 2014 48.3% 11 seats 5 seats 2 seats 3 seats 3 seats - -
March 15, 2020 60.0% 10 seats 3 seats 2 seats 5 seats 3 seats 1 seat -

KL: Kälberauer list (local district list), started once in 2008

coat of arms

Blazon: A six-spoke silver wheel in red over two crossed golden branches .

History of the coat of arms: The coat of arms has been used since 1926. The six-spoke silver Mainz wheel is a reminder of Alzenau's affiliation with the Mainz Archbishopric. The two golden branches were the symbol of appointment for the officials of the free court , who were chosen by free Märkers on the Märkerding.

Town twinning

Dialect and vernacular

In Alzenau, as in the surrounding towns, the Lower Main dialect is spoken as a sub-form of Rhine-Franconian ( Hessian ). One does not speak the Lower Franconian dialect , as is often believed . The Kahlgründer dialect is cultivated as a variation of Lower Mainland. He himself also differs from the neighboring Lower Mainland language areas such as the Aschaffenburg or Großostheimer dialect.

Economy and Infrastructure

The city is also characterized by an exceptionally high number of resident companies, most of which come from high-tech industries. In 1999 Alzenau received the “Business-Friendly Community” quality award from the Bavarian State Minister for Economics, Transport and Technology.

Agriculture, forestry, viticulture

In 1998 there were 62 employees subject to social security contributions in the field of agriculture and forestry at the place of work. In 1999 there were 82 farms with an agricultural area of ​​1429 ha. Of this, 1096 ha were arable land and 257 ha were permanent green space.

In the districts Michelbach , waterless and Hörstein is Franconian wine grown. Viticulture was also practiced in Albstadt until the end of the 19th century. The Wingertsberg district still reminds of this. Viticulture was brought to Alzenau by the monks of the monastery in Seligenstadt . Overall, however, agriculture and forestry has lost its importance for the community.

traffic

Alzenau has three exits from the Bundesautobahn 45 . The latest "Alzenau Mitte" was opened on November 23, 2007 after many years of planning, so that the road connecting Alzenau and Kahl can be driven. The industrial areas in Kahl and Alzenau will have a better connection to the motorway.

The city ​​has several stops on the Kahl – Schöllkrippen railway line (Alzenau North, Alzenau (Lower Franconia) and Alzenau Burg as well as in the districts of Kälberau and Michelbach). It connects the place with Kahl am Main and Hanau , where there is a direct transfer to the S-Bahn in the direction of Frankfurt am Main or the long-distance trains .

The individual parts of the city are served by the city ​​bus lines. A line runs every hour in both directions from Somborn via Albstadt, Michelbach, Kälberau, Alzenau and through the districts of Wasserlos and Hörstein as a regional bus to Karlstein via Dettingen station, where the regional trains to Aschaffenburg and Würzburg (seats of the district or district administration ) can be changed to Aschaffenburg.

The convenient location is a decisive location factor for the city; Frankfurt am Main Airport can be reached by car within 30 to 40 minutes.

The Kahltal-Spessart cycle path runs through Alzenau .

Established businesses

A selection of some companies that are based in Alzenau:

Facilities

Administrative bodies and authorities

Alzenau town hall

Educational institutions

The following institutions exist (as of: 1999):

  • Kindergartens: 764 kindergarten places with 705 children
  • Primary schools: four with 81 teachers and 1432 students
  • Karl Amberg Middle School Alzenau
  • Realschulen: one with 45 teachers and 1000 students
  • Hahnenkamm School to promote learning
  • Spessart-Gymnasium Alzenau with approx. 1500 students
  • Alzenau City Library
  • Municipal music school Alzenau
  • VHS Kahl-Alzenau-Karlstein, branch Alzenau
  • "Green classroom" in the city forest

Leisure and sports facilities

In every district there are halls and sports fields for the numerous sports clubs. There are playgrounds in every district, as well as in some cases (in Alzenau) also football fields, basketball hoops and skate facilities. The forest swimming pool and the Meerhofsee are open in summer . In addition, the swimming pool of the Edith-Stein-Realschule is open to the general public on some evenings of the week. The waters of the Kahler Seenplatte that resulted from the disused open-cast lignite mining are also within a five to ten kilometer radius.

The FC Bayern Alzenau bears the home games at Municipal Stadium on Prischoß out.

Parks

health

  • Alzenau-Wasserlos district hospital

Seniors

  • Caritas welfare station St. Paulus
  • Alzenau senior day care center
  • Residential park at the Hauckwald
  • BRK senior living

youth

  • Youth club "tea room"
  • Youth Center "Jump In"
  • Skate park

disposal

  • Recycling yard
  • 6 green waste collection points

Culture and sights

City center

St. Justinus (1758)
  • The Castle Festival, the AlzenauClassics take place at Alzenau Castle in summer and the Franconian Music Days in autumn as part of the Bavarian Radio's “Music Magic Franconia” .
  • The people of Alzenau built a bridge to the tradition of the baroque parish church of St. Justinus until 834. At that time, Archbishop Otgar von Mainz brought the remains of St. Justin from Rome. They came to the Justinuskirche in Frankfurt-Höchst and from there in 1298 to St. Alban's Abbey in front of Mainz ; part of the relic also ended up in the monastery near the Einhard basilica in Seligenstadt . Since the Benedictines there also looked after the old parish church of Wilmundsheim, which was located on today's cemetery grounds, a link was established and Saint Justinus was venerated in Alzenau. Only one capital remains from the demolished Wilmundsheimer church ; today's baroque church building on the market square dates from 1758.
  • The town hall , built between 1860 and 1862, was planned as a school, but then became the Royal Bavarian District Office. An extension from 1974 in red sandstone brings contemporary architecture together with the classicist building.
Oldest inn "Max" (mentioned in 1744), since 1995 guesthouse "Zur Brezel"
  • The oldest inn in town, commonly known as "Max", was first mentioned in 1744 as an inn owned by the Seligenstadt monastery; in this document it was sold to an innkeeper in Alzenau. The current owner, who bought the building overran by Parthenocissus in 1995, set up a hotel with a small brewery here in 2004, which advertises the production of beer according to the purity law of 1516.
  • The Villa Meßmer now houses a restaurant in a park with historical trees.
  • The solar course explains the areas of application of photovoltaics using 20 examples in the inner city area (3.5 km long course) and outside (total course 12 km).
  • In Alzenau, not far from today's Maximilian Kolbe House, there was a synagogue of the Jewish community that had existed in the village for centuries . The monument erected there reminds us that the church was destroyed and the Jewish residents were deported for destruction.
  • In 1987 the former company Leybold AG built a combined office and factory building on Siemensstrasse, which was designed by the renowned architects Behnisch & Partner , Stuttgart. The building was awarded the concrete architecture prize in 1989. It is used today by Applied Materials , which has taken over a department of Leybold AG at the Alzenau location.

Districts / surrounding area

Some bicycle and hiking trails around Alzenau are integrated as European Cultural Routes Alzenau I, II and III in the Pathways to Cultural Landscapes project funded by the EU from 2000 to 2003 . The distinctive destinations on these routes are signposted and documented. Examples:

  • The Sanctuary Kälberau of a plurality of phases (14th to 16th century) with a large expansion 1955-1957 is a Pallottiner attached -Kloster. The pilgrimage church houses the statue of Mary to the rough wind as a miraculous image . The complex is connected with a 1.5 km long bike path to the memory of the pain of Mary to Alzenau Castle and further on with a hiking path to the observation tower and restaurant on the Hahnenkamm (second Alzenau cultural path "Forest and Pilgrimage").
  • In Castle to waterless the district hospital now houses.
  • The Jewish cemetery between Hörstein and Wasserlos is one of the largest in the Aschaffenburg district. It was laid out in 1812, badly devastated during National Socialism and restored after the Second World War. 266 tombstones have been preserved.
  • The Catholic parish church in Hörstein (1473) has a Romanesque defense tower.
  • The Burgstall Randenburg and Forgotten Castle are two archaeological monuments from the late Middle Ages.
  • Historic vineyards extend from Alzenau to the south via Wasserlos and Hörstein and to the northeast via Michelbach and Albstadt (theme of the first Alzenau culture trail "Wine and Lordship").
  • Maisenhausen Castle (1753) is privately owned in the Michelbach district.
  • The baroque castle Michelbach (1730), a former aristocratic country estate in the Michelbach district, has housed the local history museum of the town of Alzenau since 2006.
  • The Catholic parish church of St. Laurentius in Michelbach was built in 1776/1777 on the site of a previous building.
  • The Antonius grotto and the Klappermühlchen are located in the Alzenau city forest .
  • The Ludwigsturm and a mountain inn are located on the summit of the Hahnenkamm, the highest point visible from afar. The Hahnenkamm summit is a popular destination for hikers and mountain bikers in the region.

Architectural monuments

→ List of architectural monuments in Alzenau

Regular events

  • Easter egg hunt, Kückenguggen and bobby car races for kids at KTZV Hörstein 1922 eV (always on Easter Monday)
  • Giggelskerb with open Hörsteiner Bobby-Car Team Triathlon Championship for over 18-year-olds of the KTZV Hörstein 1922 eV (on the second weekend in July)
  • Chicken competition at the KTZV Hörstein 1922 eV (always on Whit Monday)
  • Cap evening at the gigglers of the KTZV Hörstein 1922 eV
  • Orchestra concert of the music association "Concordia" Michelbach 1923 e. V. (Palm Sunday, Michelbach School Gym)
  • Wine festival at the park in the summer garden of the Parkhotel in the Wasserlos district every year during the week of Corpus Christi
  • Wine, cheese and brass music (Sunday before Ascension, Schloss Michelbach)
  • Wine village of TV 1901 Michelbach in front of the castle on the last Sunday in May
  • Elmettsgässer Wine Festival (MGV 1913 Harmonie Hörstein) on the last weekend in June
  • City festival on the market square and in the city center on the second weekend in August
  • October – November: Franconian Music Days (choral and chamber music from several centuries)
  • Melodies by candlelight in the Prischosshalle (2nd weekend in November) of the resident “Akkordeon Orchester Alzenau e. V. "
  • Court festival at the Hotel Krone, annually on the first weekend in September
  • Big Christmas market on the 1st weekend in Advent (beginning of December or end of November)
  • Michelbacher Winzerfest (September / October)
  • The "Pannfest" is the oldest street festival in the heart of the "Pann", the oldest part of Alzenau in Wilmundsheimer Straße and was celebrated from 1978 to 2008. The new edition takes place in cooperation with the altar boys on the Kahlaue in the parish garden.

Personalities

Honorary citizen

→ Main article: List of honorary citizens of Alzenau

Born in Alzenau

Connected with Alzenau

literature

Web links

Commons : Alzenau  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ "Data 2" sheet, Statistical Report A1200C 202041 Population of the municipalities, districts and administrative districts 1st quarter 2020 (population based on the 2011 census) ( help ).
  2. ^ StBA: Changes in the municipalities in Germany, see 2007
  3. ↑ The distinction "in Lower Franconia" was used to demarcate Alzenau in Silesia , then part of the German Empire, today Poland . Until July 1, 1972, it was the district town of the district of the same name .
  4. ↑ Bavaria Atlas of the Bavarian State Government ( notes )
  5. ^ The official gazette of the city of Alzenau dated August 23, 2019, issue no .: 17
  6. ↑ Our Kahlgrund 2020 . Homeland yearbook for the Alzenau district. Published by the working group for homeland research and homeland maintenance of the Alzenau district, district administrator. ISSN  0933-1328 .
  7. ^ The official gazette of the city of Alzenau dated August 23, 2019, issue no .: 17
  8. ↑ Bavarian State Library Online (BLO)
  9. ↑ residents of Alzenau (as of May 1, 2009)
  10. ↑ http://www.main-netz.de/nachrichten/region/alzenau/alzenau-kurz/art3979,1481678
  11. ↑ For the origin of this etiological legend motif, see Castle Weibertreu .
  12. ↑ a b c Wolf-Armin von Reitzenstein : Lexicon of Franconian place names. Origin and meaning . Upper Franconia, Middle Franconia, Lower Franconia. CH Beck, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-406-59131-0 , p. 24 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  13. ↑ Friedrich Kluge , Max Bürgwisser, Bernd Gregor, Elmar Seebold : etymological dictionary of the German language . 22nd edition. de Gruyter , Berlin 1989, ISBN 3-11-006800-1 , p. 186 .
  14. ↑ a b Our Kahlgrund 1980 . Homeland yearbook for the Alzenau district. Published by the working group for homeland research and homeland maintenance of the Alzenau district, district administrator. ISSN  0933-1328 .
  15. ↑ Reihold Hein (ed.): Kahlgrünner Wörderbuch . M. Kroeber GmbH, Linsengericht 2015, ISBN 978-3-00-051705-1 .
  16. ↑ Heinrich Gottfried Gengler: Regesta and documents on the constitutional and legal history of German cities in the Middle Ages , Erlangen 1863, p. 32 .
  17. ^ Wilhelm Volkert (ed.): Handbook of Bavarian offices, communities and courts 1799–1980 . CH Beck, Munich 1983, ISBN 3-406-09669-7 , p. 477 .
  18. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 736 .
  19. ↑ Firmly anchored in Alzenau . In: main-echo.de . ( main-echo.de [accessed on March 15, 2017]).
  20. ^ Election success for CSU man Noll in Alzenau Website of the Bavarian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved July 8, 2020.
  21. ↑ Memorial sites for the victims of National Socialism. A documentation, volume 1. Federal Agency for Civic Education, Bonn 1995, ISBN 3-89331-208-0 , p. 112 f.
  22. ↑ View - Architecture Prize Concrete. Retrieved June 21, 2017 .