Rough calves

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Rough calves
City of Alzenau
Coat of arms of Kälberau
Coordinates: 50 ° 5 ′ 30 ″  N , 9 ° 5 ′ 41 ″  E
Height : 139 m
Residents : 1341  (May 1, 2009)
Incorporation : January 1, 1972
Postal code : 63755
Area code : 06023
Pilgrimage church Maria zum Raue Wind

Kälberau is a district of the Lower Franconian town of Alzenau .

geography

Kälberau is located in the lower Kahlgrund about two kilometers northeast of Alzenau at the foot of the Hahnenkamm . The place Kälberau has 1341 inhabitants and is rural. The topographically highest point of the village mark is below the summit of the Hahnenkamm at 433  m above sea level. NN (location) , the lowest is southwest of the village on the Kahl at 129  m above sea level. NN (location) .

The Kahl – Schöllkrippen railway line , the Kahltal-Spessart cycle path and the Franconian Marienweg run through Kälberau . The main road through Kälberau was designated as State Road 2305 until the 1970s .

Surname

etymology

It is wrongly assumed that the name Kälberau comes from a meadow with young cattle . The name comes from the Middle High German words Kalde and ouwe and means floodplain of the bald . The place is called Kelwere in the Kahlgründer dialect .

Earlier spellings

Earlier spellings of the place from various historical maps and documents:

  • 1136 Kelberowe
  • 1157 Kelberowa
  • 1361 Kelbera
  • 1592 Kelberau

history

middle Ages

Kälberauer Elle (1763)

The oldest written sources in the region date from the 12th century. A noble family "of Kelberau" is feudal slave of Kurmainz detectable and up to 1400th It was also owned in Krombach and on the Randenburg . After the Kälberau-Krombach-Rannenberg line died out, the possessions passed to the Lords of Buchenau . They stayed there until the end of the Old Kingdom . In 1830, Wilhelm von Buchenau, the last male member of this local noble family, died.

Kälberau belonged to the Alzenau court , which in turn was part of the Alzenau free court . The free court was directly imperial , but the empire pledged or lent the area again and again. So the rulers changed, including the lords and later counts of Hanau , the lords of Randenburg and the lords of Eppstein .

The center of the place was a chapel , first mentioned in 1372 , which is proven to be a fortified pilgrimage church with a solid wall in 1603 . Like other places of pilgrimage, Kälberau also developed a brisk economic activity with street markets and trade. This is still evidenced by the Kälberauer Elle from 1763 as a binding unit of measurement placed in front of the church .

Modern times

In 1500, the Roman-German King Maximilian I enfeoffed the Archbishop of Mainz and the Count of Hanau-Munzenberg together with the Freigericht, which they now administered as a condominium . Since ecclesiastical jurisdiction remained with the Archbishops of Mainz at the time of the condominium , the Reformation - in contrast to the County of Hanau-Münzenberg - could not prevail here. Kälberau remained a Roman Catholic .

When Count Johann Reinhard III. The last male representative of the House of Hanau died in 1736, the Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel was the heir to the County of Hanau-Munzenberg on the basis of an inheritance contract . Whether the legacy extended to Hanau's share in the condominium was hotly debated in the years that followed between Kurmainz and Hessen-Kassel. The dispute ended in a compromise, the "party recession" of 1740, which provided for a real division of the condominium. However, it took until 1748 for the contract to be implemented. Kälberau fell to Kurmainz.

The Reichsdeputationshauptschluss of 1803 proposed the Alzenau office to the Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt , which it only retained for 13 years. In 1816 the Grand Duchy ceded the office to the Kingdom of Bavaria . The municipality of Kälberau belonged to the Alzenau district office , which was formed on July 1, 1862. On January 1, 1939, this became part of the Alzenau district in Lower Franconia . On January 1, 1972, Kälberau was incorporated into the city of Alzenau.

At the end of the Second World War , Kälberau and Alzenau surrendered without a fight to the Allied troops when they advanced across the Main near Kahl .

Educational institutions

Late Gothic miraculous image in the pilgrimage church of Maria for the rough wind

Since the closure of the primary and secondary school , Kälberau's only educational institution has been the Kahlaue kindergarten.

Pilgrimage

Kälberau is known as a place of pilgrimage for its late Gothic statue of the Virgin Mary and the pilgrimage church of Maria zum Rauhen Wind , which is the destination of many pilgrims all year round. The pilgrimage experienced a particular boom after the Second World War with large pilgrimages for those returning from the war. Even in the 21st century there are still some organized pilgrimages with several thousand participants every year: two sick pilgrimages at Pentecost and the Visitation of the Virgin Mary, as well as on the patron saint's feast of the Birth of Mary . Several retreat days and youth services round off the program.

societies

Events

In addition to the pilgrimage, many tourists are attracted to the place by various festivals and events. The annual parish festival, which usually takes place on Sundays and Mondays in summer, is very popular. Among other things, there is also the Kälberau curb, the fire brigade festival, the Oktoberfest in the green tree and the hedge festival of the Kälberau fruit and horticultural association.

useful information

  • Due to its location on the European cultural route Alzenau 2 , Kälberau is attracting increasing attention from hikers and cyclists.
  • In the 18th century there was a double mill in Kälberau an der Kahl. The Kälberauer Mühle consisted of the two grain mills Sotermühle and Ullrichmühle. Today there is a country hotel with an adventure golf course on the property.

Web links

Commons : Kälberau (Alzenau)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ residents of Alzenau (as of May 1, 2009)
  2. ↑ Bavaria Atlas of the Bavarian State Government ( notes )
  3. ↑ Our Kahlgrund 1980 . Homeland yearbook for the Alzenau district. Published by the working group for homeland research and homeland maintenance of the Alzenau district, district administrator. ISSN  0933-1328 .
  4. ^ Wilhelm Volkert (ed.): Handbook of Bavarian offices, communities and courts 1799–1980 . CH Beck, Munich 1983, ISBN 3-406-09669-7 , p. 417 .