Heigenbrücken
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Coordinates: 50 ° 2 ′ N , 9 ° 23 ′ E |
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| Basic data | ||
| State : | Bavaria | |
| Administrative region : | Lower Franconia | |
| County : | Aschaffenburg | |
| Management Community : | Heigenbrücken | |
| Height : | 274 m above sea level NHN | |
| Area : | 6.73 km 2 | |
| Residents: | 2307 (Dec. 31, 2019) | |
| Population density : | 343 inhabitants per km 2 | |
| Postal code : | 63869 | |
| Area code : | 06020 | |
| License plate : | AB , ALZ | |
| Community key : | 09 6 71 126 | |
| Community structure: | 2 districts | |
| Address of the municipal administration: |
Hauptstrasse 7 63869 Heigenbrücken |
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| Website : | ||
| Mayor : | Jochen Drechsler (ABV - Active Citizens' Association) | |
| Location of the community of Heigenbrücken in the Aschaffenburg district | ||
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Heigenbrücken is a municipality and a town in the Lower Franconian district of Aschaffenburg and the seat of the Heigenbrücken administrative community .
geography
Geographical location
The community is located in the Bavarian Lower Main region in the middle of the Spessart . The topographically highest point of the municipality is on the Steigkoppe at 493 m above sea level. NN (location) , the lowest is on the Lohrbach southeast of Heigenbrücken at 248 m above sea level. NN (location) .
The village of Heigenbrücken itself is located in the Lohrbach valley between Jakobsthal and Neuhütten . The highest point of the village boundary is on the slope of the Schwarzkopf at 424 m above sea level. NN , the lowest corresponds to that of the entire municipality. The Kahltal-Spessart cycle path leads through Heigenbrücken .
geology
Geologically, the landscape is shaped by a lower red sandstone , which Wilhelm von Grümbel called Heigenbrücken sandstone after its place of discovery in 1894 . In the 19th century, the fine-grained white sandstone was mined as a building material. Abandoned quarries are located north of the community and south on St 2317 at the Pollasch monument.
Community structure
There are two districts:
- Heigenbrücken
- Jakobsthal
Neighboring communities
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Heinrichsthaler Forst (municipality-free area) |
Community Heinrichsthal |
Heinrichsthaler Forst (municipality-free area) |
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Sailaufer Forst (municipality-free area) |
.svg)
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community Neuhütten |
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Forst Hain im Spessart (municipality-free area) |
Surname
etymology
The original name Heygerbruck comes from the Middle High German words Heiger , which means heron , and bridge back. The explanation is the bridge where herons hang out . A connection with bruch , which means swamp, can probably be excluded due to the spelling in the 16th century ... zur Heygerbrucken .
Earlier spellings
Earlier spellings of the place from various historical maps and documents:
- 1477 Heygerbruck
- 1518 Haigersbrücken
- 1526 Heygerbrucken
- 1551 Heyger Brucken
- 1633 Haigenbrücken
- 1819 Heigenbrücken
history
Until the church is planted
The first documentary mention as Heygerbruch took place in 1477. With the ore monastery of Mainz, Heigenbrücken fell to the newly formed principality of Aschaffenburg during the secularization, with which it came to Bavaria in 1814 (now a department of the Grand Duchy of Frankfurt). In the course of the administrative reforms in Bavaria, the municipality of Heigenbrücken was created with the municipal edict of 1818.
Administrative history
As part of the Archbishopric of Mainz, Heigenbrücken fell to the newly formed Principality of Aschaffenburg in the secularization of 1803, owned by Prince Carl von Dalberg. After that, Heigenbrücken was in the Rothenbuch district fair of the Aschaffenburg department in the Grand Duchy of Frankfurt. In 1812 it had 92 fire places and 521 souls (residents). Mayor was Heinrich Bachmann, his adjunct was called Sebastian März. The school teacher was Michael Fleischer. As a result of the treaties of Paris, Heigenbrücken came to Bavaria in 1814 and initially belonged to the second-class district court Rothenbuch, which was founded on October 1, 1814. Today's municipality was created in the course of the administrative reforms in Bavaria with the municipality edict of 1818.
On July 1, 1862, the district office of Aschaffenburg was formed through the merger of the district courts of Rothenbuch and Aschaffenburg , on whose administrative area Heigenbrücken was located. In 1939, as everywhere in the German Empire, the designation district was introduced. Heigenbrücken was now one of the 33 communities in the old district of Aschaffenburg . On July 1, 1972, this merged with the Alzenau district in Lower Franconia to form the new Aschaffenburg district.
Incorporations
On July 1, 1972, Jakobsthal was incorporated.
Religions (main and secondary residence)
- Catholic: 1837
- Protestant: 231
- other: 333
(As of January 1, 2010)
Population development
- 1812: 521 inhabitants
- 1970: 2330 inhabitants
- 1987: 2332 inhabitants
- 1991: 2544 inhabitants
- 1995: 2518 inhabitants
- 2000: 2499 inhabitants
- 2005: 2298 inhabitants
- 2010: 2243 inhabitants
- 2015: 2277 inhabitants
politics
Municipal council
The municipal council has 14 members. Another member and chairman of the municipal council is the mayor. In the local elections on March 15, 2020, 1,342 of the 1,804 residents entitled to vote in the municipality of Heigenbrücken exercised their right to vote, bringing the turnout to 74.39%.
mayor
In the local election on March 15, 2020, Jochen Drechsler (ABV) was elected with 51.55% of the vote. His predecessor was Werner Englert (SPD), in office from May 2002 to April 2020.
coat of arms
The community has had its own coat of arms since June 1977.
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Blazon : "Above a green monorail , inside a silver, walled, silver-framed and black-grooved tunnel portal with a black tunnel entrance, in silver a red Cutterolf with a straight neck, each with a green oak leaf."
Coat of arms history and explanation: The Schwarzkopf tunnel , which was considered a special technical achievement during the construction of the Main-Spessart Railway and is the symbol of the community, was included in the coat of arms. In 2017, however, the structure was replaced by an alternative route and is no longer passable, see Spessart ramp # Improvement of the situation . The two green oak leaves in the coat of arms indicate the geographical location of the place in the oak-rich Spessart. The so-called Kutterolf or glucker bottle is a glass drinking vessel that was in use until the 19th century and represents the former important glass industry in the community. The remaining coat of arms colors silver and red are taken from the coat of arms of the Electorate of Mainz. |
Culture and sights
Churches
- Heigenbrücken belonged to the Wiesthal parish in the Middle Ages and only became an independent Catholic parish in 1916. The community received a first church (St. Wendelinus ) as early as 1730, followed by its own cemetery in 1821. The dilapidated baroque church was replaced by a neo-Gothic new building in 1892–1893, which was expanded in 1935 by a transept. Interior redesigns and restorations took place in 1954, 1972, 1998 and 2001. The centerpiece of the furnishings is a Marian altar from the time the church was built, flanked by sculptures of the Virgin Mary and St. Wendelinus. A new choir arch crucifix (in neo-Romanesque version) by the Warring couple (Bischofsheim / Rhön) dates from 2003.
- The Protestant community only received its own church building in 1969 with the Dietrich Bonhoeffer Church. The interior was renovated and redesigned in winter 2001/2002. The altar painting and the drafts for the window paintings were created by the Laufach artist Cordula Stein .
Secular buildings
- Two half-timbered buildings stand out in the heterogeneous structure of Heigenbrücken; the older one with a gable and decorated cantilevered timber (Hauptstrasse 8, 16th / 17th century) now houses a café; the younger one (Jägerstrasse 5, around 1800) is privately owned.
- Close to the train station (Lindenallee) there are two villa buildings in the late classicist style designed by the quarry owner and contractor Daniel Heiter in the mid-19th century. He built the villa with park next to the tunnel entrance (Lindenallee 31) for himself in 1854; after his death the widow sold the building to the Bavarian forest administration. The Heigenbrücken Forestry Office (or, since the administrative reform in 2005, the forestry and training company of the Bavarian State Forests AöR) has its headquarters in this building. Daniel Heiter planned a second villa with a park on the Lohrbach on the opposite side of the street in 1884 as a leisure residence for the merchant Rudolf Marburg . This Villa Marburg was converted into a four-star conference and wellness hotel by Werner Wenzel between 2002 and 2007 .
- Station buildings and railway facilities also date from the middle of the 19th century (see below)
Memorial stones
- On the Pollasch there is a memorial of the Association of Hochspessartfreunde Rothenbuch e. V. Frankfurt am Main for the 140 members who died in the First World War. The Heigenbrücken stonemason Georg Lippert designed it in 1927 from local red sandstone. In 2009, the viewing platform on Pollasch was redesigned in such a way that the refuge (1934) named after the chief forester Christian Wodianka was moved from the opposite side of the street of St 2317 to the monument side, so that it was just like in the past when this street was still a hiking trail. should be perceived as an ensemble with the monument and with the viewpoint. The view extends far into the Laufachtal over the eponymous place .
- At the Hirschhörner car park below this vantage point, there is an unclear memorial stone from the time of the First Coalition War , the Sternheimer Cross (weathered - grammatically incorrect - inscription renewed in 1980): In 1796, Heinrich Sternheimer, chief forester from the Electorate of Mainz in Heigenbrücken, and his loyal helper Jakob shot dead four Frenchmen and an officer who had plundered the whole village with his detachment and chased away their booty from the march to Aschaffenburg . There is no local historical evidence for the incident.
- Theo Kunkel had a private memorial stone built together with a group of red sandstone sculptures on the Mount of Olives on his property on the northern slope of Pollasch (consecrated on Maundy Thursday 2007 and intended as a place of reflection for hikers and local residents).
Architectural monuments
Soil monuments
Economy and Infrastructure
History: glassmaking
In the Middle Ages - by the 15th century at the latest - and the early modern period, Heigenbrücken was at the center of glassmaking in the Spessart. In the Bächlesgrund south of the village, where two glassworks are proven, quartz sand was used for glass production - as usual . The often cited use of barite (barite) in glass has now been refuted and also not technologically justified. There were other glassworks nearby in the entire Lohrbachtal, in Jakobsthal and from Wiesthal to Partenstein. They only produced simple glass for use ( forest glass ) and were closed in the 17th century, as Kurmainz relied on a few locations - u. a. Weibersbrunn - concentrated for the production of high quality glass. Until the 16th century, the annual meetings of the Association of Spessart Glassmakers ( Gleser uff (und) umb den Spethßar ), founded in 1406, took place in Bächlesgrund on Whit Monday, which punished violations of the guild regulations with regard to working hours, production conditions and quantity restrictions.
Today, apart from the blazon in the coat of arms (see above), only a heavily weathered sculpture of a glassblower in the area of the old train station reminds of this era.
Economy including agriculture and forestry
In 1998, according to official statistics, there were 20 employees in the field of agriculture and forestry, 59 in the manufacturing sector and 11 in the field of trade and transport. In other economic areas, 97 people were employed at the place of work subject to social security contributions. There were a total of 782 employees at the place of residence subject to social security contributions. There was one company in the manufacturing sector and three companies in the construction sector. There were no farms in 1999.
The municipal tax revenue in 1999 was the equivalent of € 935,000.
tourism
The state-approved climatic health resort in the largest contiguous deciduous forest area in Germany is a traditional vacation spot with a variety of facilities.
Tourism in Heigenbrücken was made possible as early as the 19th century by the railway connection (see below). In 1880 the local association of Spessartfreunde was founded, one of several forerunners of the Spessartbund . A signpost with deer antlers from the 19th century below the Pollasch ( Hirschhörner car park ) at the intersection of Rothenbuch / Heigenbrücken / Hain-Laufach / Jakobsthal documents this early phase of hiking tourism.
A number of tourist accommodation and leisure facilities (swimming pool) emerged in the 1920s.
Contemporary tourism includes the leisure facility in the Bächlesgrund with a wildlife park and a large playground as well as a climbing forest with various courses, the new natural swimming pool, several children's playgrounds and the two winter sports areas Winterloch and Engländer (in the Jakobsthal district). In winter, cross-country trails are also groomed through the Spessart Forest.
In the winter hole, next to a modern ski lift, there are the remains of a ski jump used from 1954 to 1968 , the Adalbert Clausius ski jump .
As a hiking paradise in the middle of the Spessart, Heigenbrücken has a wide range of hiking options with circular hiking trails, long-distance hiking trails and nature trails for forests and water. A Nordic walking course, the communication forest educational path and a cultural path (archaeological Spessart project), which partly coincides with the historical donkey path , complete the offer.
traffic
Heigenbrücken is on the Würzburg – Hanau railway line ( Main-Spessart Railway ). The Heigenbrücken station was located immediately to the east of the Spessart ramp's apex tunnel , the Schwarzkopf tunnel (1850–1854), which also appears in the municipal coat of arms. The station building was built in 1857 according to plans by Gottfried von Neureuther . On June 15, 2017, Deutsche Bahn shut down the station together with the old Spessart ramp and opened a new Heigenbrücken stop on June 19, 2017. This is located 1.5 kilometers east of the old train station, directly at the east portal of the Falkenberg tunnel (2623/2619 m). The stop is served hourly by regional express trains on the Frankfurt (Main) - Würzburg line.
Railway history
From a railway signaling point of view, the 925 m long Schwarzkopf tunnel was located within the Heigenbrücken station. This peculiarity resulted from the reloading operation carried out between Laufach and Heigenbrücken. Heavy freight trains stopped at Laufach station, a pushing locomotive sat behind the train and thus supported the locomotive in negotiating the Spessart ramp, which has a gradient of 1:47 (about 21 ‰) in the steepest section. The tunnel itself is almost free of inclines. Immediately in front of the tunnel portal, the sliding locomotive left the freight train, which had now mastered the most difficult incline on its journey to the southeast. So that the sliding locomotive did not have to drive through the tunnel into the area of the passenger traffic system (which would have led to an obstacle to operation), the track systems on the Aschaffenburg side of the tunnel were designed so that they could return to Laufach on the right track. The switches required for this still belonged to the control area of the Heigenbrücken signal box, so that the station extended beyond the Schwarzkopf tunnel.
For the opening of the new Falkenberg tunnel on June 19, 2017, the Schwarzkopftunnel was decommissioned due to its old age and the reloading operation ended on June 15, 2017. At the end of 2017, the tunnel was bricked up and completely filled, so that there is no longer any connection between the tunnel portals.
education
The following facilities exist (as of 02/2018):
- Kindergarten: 119 kindergarten places with 94 children
- Primary school: with ten teachers and 96 students
Museums
The Kristall-Stube (Bornackerweg 19) was a private mineral museum in which over 1000 exhibits from all continents could be viewed. Special attractions were the largest (two meters high) amethyst in a private collection in Germany and the largest rose quartz in Germany at 7.4 tons.
A privately operated small motorcycle museum ("Moppedscheune") is located in the rooms at Dorfstrasse 14. An additional exhibition room has been opened diagonally opposite since spring 2008. Motorcycles and accessories from the 1930s to the 70s are on display.
Personalities
Sons and daughters of the church
- Franz Joseph Engel (1867–1922), classical philologist and high school teacher
- Werner Wenzel (1937–2006), entrepreneur in the measuring tool industry
- Günter Sprotte (* 1945), anesthetist, pain therapist and university professor, developer of the Sprotte cannula for spinal and epidural anesthesia
People related to the community
- Hans Wutzlhofer (1893–1969), politician who died in Heigenbrücken
- Peter Winter (* 1954), politician and chairman of the supervisory board of Raiffeisenbank Waldaschaff-Heigenbrücken
- Burkard Kunkel (* 1967), jazz musician and psychiatrist who grew up in Heigenbrücken
Individual evidence
- ↑ "Data 2" sheet, Statistical Report A1200C 202041 Population of the municipalities, districts and administrative districts 1st quarter 2020 (population based on the 2011 census) ( help ).
- ↑ Municipal Council. Heigenbrücken community, accessed on August 15, 2020 .
- ↑ Bavaria Atlas of the Bavarian State Government ( notes )
- ↑ Heigenbrücken. In: Bayerische Landesbibliothek Online.
- ↑ a b Wolf-Armin von Reitzenstein : Lexicon of Franconian place names. Origin and meaning . Upper Franconia, Middle Franconia, Lower Franconia. CH Beck, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-406-59131-0 , p. 97 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
- ^ Wilhelm Volkert (ed.): Handbook of Bavarian offices, communities and courts 1799–1980 . CH Beck, Munich 1983, ISBN 3-406-09669-7 , p. 422 .
- ↑ Results of local elections 2020. OK.VOTE, March 15, 2020, accessed on May 18, 2020 .
- ↑ Results of local elections 2020. OK.VOTE, March 15, 2020, accessed on May 18, 2020 .
- ↑ Results of local elections 2020. OK.VOTE, March 15, 2020, accessed on May 18, 2020 .
- ^ Entry on the coat of arms of Heigenbrücken in the database of the House of Bavarian History
- ↑ LORENZ, J. (2008a): Schwerspat im Spessart-Glas? - pp. 93–94, 1 fig.- In FLACHENECKER, H., HIMMELSBACH, G. & STEPPUHN, P. (2008): Glashüttenlandschaft Europa contributions to the 3rd International Glass Symposium in Heigenbrücken / Spessart. Historical studies of the University of Würzburg Volume 8, 211 pages, approx. 100 illustrations, Verlag Schnell & Steiner GmbH, Regensburg.
- ↑ Main Post article from October 13, 2014
- ↑ Kristall-Stube. on the website of the municipality of Heigenbrücken.
Web links
Alzenau | Bessenbach | Blankenbach | Dammbach | Geiselbach | Glattbach | Goldbach | Großostheim | Haibach | Heigenbrücken | Heimbuchenthal | Heinrichsthal | Hösbach | Johannesberg | Kahl am Main | Karlstein am Main | Small bald | Kleinostheim | Krombach | Laufach | Mainaschaff | Mespelbrunn | Mömbris | Rothenbuch | Sailauf | Schöllkrippen | Summer bald | Stockstadt am Main | Waldaschaff | Weibersbrunn | Western reason | grasslands
Unregulated areas: Forst Hain i.Spessart |
Heinrichsthaler Forst |
Rohrbrunner Forest |
Rothenbuch Forest |
Sailauf Forest |
Schöllkrippen Forest |
Waldaschaffer Forest |
Wiesen forest