Schwarzkopf tunnel
| Schwarzkopf tunnel | ||||
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 Portal of the Schwarzkopf tunnel in Heigenbrücken
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| Official name | Schwarzkopf tunnel | |||
| use | Railway tunnel | |||
| traffic connection | Main-Spessart Railway | |||
| place | Schwarzkopf (Spessart) | |||
| length | 926 meters | |||
| Number of tubes | 1 | |||
| Largest coverage | 118 meters | |||
| construction | ||||
| Client | Royal Bavarian State Railways | |||
| start of building | 1850 | |||
| completion | 1854 | |||
| business | ||||
| release |
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| closure | 15th June 2017 | |||
| map | ||||
 Map of the tunnel
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| location | ||||
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| Coordinates | ||||
| North portal | 50 ° 1 '36 " N , 9 ° 21' 43" E | |||
| South portal | 50 ° 1 ′ 10 ″ N , 9 ° 21 ′ 10 ″ E | |||
Map with all coordinates: The Schwarzkopf Tunnel was a roughly 930 m long, straight, two-track railway tunnel between the Laufach and Heigenbrücken stations on the Main-Spessart Railway at route kilometers 72.1–73.0. After the construction of the Spessart ramp , it was taken out of service on June 15, 2017 and then backfilled.
Geographical location
The tunnel is named after the Schwarzkopf , which is 460 m above sea level. NN rises immediately to the southeast above the tunnel on the watershed between Laufach and Lohrbach . The tunnel is 277 m above sea level. NN at the culmination point of the Main-Spessart-Bahn, crosses under the Eselshöhe mountain range and connects the Lohrtal with the Laufachtal in the Spessart . The Spessart ramp, which slopes down towards Laufach, begins at its western portal.
The tunnel crosses several layers of red sandstone and the Zechstein . Its maximum coverage is 118 meters.
history
The tunnel was built between 1850 and 1854 on behalf of the Bavarian State Railways . The construction turned out to be very difficult due to the abundant mountain water . It was driven according to a variant of the German construction method with one ridge and two bottom tunnels. The mountain water was collected and used to supply the water towers in the Laufach and Aschaffenburg locomotive stations .
At the beginning of the 1980s, as part of the upgraded Aschaffenburg – Gemünden line, it was planned to bypass the steep section with the Schwarzkopf tunnel over a length of 18 km at a maximum speed of 200 km / h. This and various other large-scale new and expansion projects were later not pursued.
Technical parameters
The length of the tunnel is given as 926 m or 930 m. The track center distance is 3.50 m.
Before the line was electrified , the tunnel had a vertical exhaust air shaft at kilometers 72.377 and 72.691, so that the exhaust gases from the steam locomotives could be extracted from the tunnel more quickly thanks to the chimney effect . During electrification in 1957, the tunnel floor was lowered by 60 centimeters. The reinforcement line for the overhead line was routed across the tunnel due to the restricted clearance profile. The tunnel was rehabilitated around 1926 and around 1970, as the mountain pressure and the ingress of mountain water had damaged the vault walls . According to Main-Echo , water penetrated the tunnel in 1991, whereupon a concrete shell was built in 1993 for six million DM. After part of this shell came loose in 2010, 300 ceiling anchors were set. The tunnel was monitored with an electronic measuring system. According to other information, there have been ongoing problems with the track position. Icicles would have formed in winter.
With a maximum line speed of 70 km / h, the Schwarzkopf Tunnel was one of the slowest-traveled tunnels in the long-distance network of Deutsche Bahn .
Shutdown
At the end of the 1990s, it was planned to close the tunnel after completing a single-track bypass and to remove it to one track as part of a general refurbishment.
According to information provided by Deutsche Bahn, the existing tunnel has not been renewed in recent years for economic and technical reasons and due to the foreseeable new construction of the Spessart ramp.
The Schwarzkopftunnel was shut down on June 15, 2017, shortly after 403 028 as the ICE 621 to Nuremberg at noon as the last scheduled train through the tunnel. After the completion of the new Spessart ramp, the Schwarzkopf tunnel was filled. The listed tunnel portal with two Bavarian lions and the Roman year 1854 on the side of Heigenbrücken (east portal) was preserved.
Web links
literature
- Rolf Syrigos: Mainline Frankfurt / M – Nuremberg. Mountain & Valley . In: railway magazine . No. 3/2013 . Alba publication, March 2013, ISSN 0342-1902 , p. 31-35 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Shield of Archäölogischen Spessart Project eV in Heigenbrücken
- ^ Helmut Maak : The railway construction group H / W South of the railway construction center . In: The Railway Engineer . tape 33 , no. 6 , 1982, ISSN 0013-2810 , pp. 269-278 .
- ↑ Railway Atlas Germany. Edition 2009/2010. Schweers + Wall, o. O. 2009, ISBN 978-3-89494-139-0 , p. 78.
- ↑ The tunnel sign indicates a length of 930 meters.
- ↑ a b Plan approval decision ABS Hanau - Nantenbach by-pass Schwarzkopftunnel (PFA 3). EBA branch office Nuremberg, March 12, 2012
- ↑ How safe is the Schwarzkopf tunnel? . In: Main-Echo (online edition), November 9, 2010.
- ↑ a b Rolf Syrigos: Spessart without displacement . In: Eisenbahn Magazin . tape 36 , no. 1 , 1998, ISSN 0342-1902 , p. 18 f .
- ↑ Schwarzkopf tunnel between Laufach and Heigenbrücken will be bypassed from 2017. (No longer available online.) Deutsche Bahn, September 28, 2012, archived from the original on March 25, 2013 ; Retrieved October 15, 2012 .
- ^ Deutsche Bahn AG: Take care, old boy! After 160 years, the #Schwarzkopftunnel in the Spessart is taking its well-deserved retirement today. Goodbye! In: @DB_Presse. June 15, 2017. Retrieved June 15, 2017 .
- ↑ Wolfgang Zitz: The ultimate last trains on the Spessart ramp (m2B). June 15, 2017. Retrieved June 29, 2017 .
- ↑ Lucia Lenzen: New tubes for rapid travel Main-Post , October 13, 2014, accessed on May 2, 2020
- ↑ rp: "Spessart baseline": Tunnels advertised . In: Eisenbahn-Revue International 12/2012, p. 578.