Franconia (wine-growing region)
| Data | |
|---|---|
| Wine region : | Francs |
| Country : | Bavaria |
| Viticulture since: | 8th century |
| Surface: | 6,253 ha (2017) |
| Wine production / year: | 350,000 hectoliters |
| Wine Queen 2019/2020 | Carolin Meyer from Castell-Greuth |
| Website: | Wine-growing region of Franconia |
 The 13 specific wine-growing regions in Germany (Franconia highlighted in yellow) |
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The Franconian wine-growing region (also: Fränkisches Weinland or Weinfranken ) is a German wine-growing region and a region for quality wine that has been designated as a specific wine-growing region in accordance with Section 3 (1) No. 5 of the Wine Act . In contrast to the Franconian region, the wine-growing area is located exclusively within Bavaria in the three administrative districts of Lower Franconia , Middle Franconia and Upper Franconia, with a focus on Lower Franconia. The wine-growing area extends over most of the Main valley , but, in contrast to all other German wine-growing areas of comparable geography, was not named after the relevant river.
With around 6,250 hectares of cultivation area (2017), the Franconian wine-growing area is one of the medium-sized wine-growing areas in Germany as a result of the tripling of the vineyards since the 1970s. In the Middle Ages , Franconia was the largest wine-growing region in the Holy Roman Empire north of the Alps with almost 40,000 hectares of vineyards . The proportion of red wine in the once classic white wine region has increased significantly in recent times and now comprises around 19% of the vineyards.
Among the German wine-growing regions, Franconia has a special position in several respects with the leading variety Silvaner , the mostly quite dry aging of the wine with special taste designations ( Franconian dry instead of German dry ) and the most striking feature, the Bocksbeutel bottle. The area along the Steigerwald eaves with its gypsum keuper soils in connection with the continental climate is regarded as an outstanding white wine region worldwide.
The vineyards are structured very differently. The Franconian wine country forms an extraordinary cultural landscape in Germany in connection with the way of life of the local population, wine as a folk drink, countless wine festivals beyond mass tourism and often regionally influenced gastronomy (second largest slow food region in Germany).
history
Middle Ages: Germany's largest wine region
Franconian settlers probably brought the vine with them to the Main. The viticulture in Franconia going to deeds of gift of Charlemagne 777 for Hammelburg and 779 for Würzburg , at least to the 8th century back. Above all, monasteries grew vines for the production of mass wine .
In the 14th century , Gottfried von Franken from Würzburg explained viticulture and methods of refining wine in his fur and wine book . In the Kitzingen Wine Law of 1482 , the widespread wine adulteration was put to a halt. The law passed on September 29th stipulated what could and should not be in wine. Violators were punished. The 1st Franconian Wine Law was valid from Lake Constance to Saxony .
In the Middle Ages the area under cultivation grew to almost 40,000 hectares. At that time, Franconia was the largest cultivation area of the Holy Roman Empire north of the Alps. The vineyard area exceeded that of the Moselle and the areas on the left or right of the Rhine by far.
Hammelburg, the oldest wine town in Franconia
Wine town of Gemünden in the 17th century
Weinstadt Schweinfurt
in 1847
Wipfeld 1847, with one of the oldest vineyards in Franconia
Modern times: decline
Viticulture experienced a great decline at the beginning of the 19th century as a result of secularization and phylloxera , especially in the Schweinfurt area. Locations with less favorable climates were given up completely. The area under vines in Franconia shrank to just over 2000 ha by the middle of the 20th century . In 1887, Würzburg had 455 ha of vines, but only 177 ha in 1917 (2003: 190 ha, 2017: 235 ha). Schweinfurt had around 320 hectares of vineyards in 1802, which almost completely disappeared in the 1970s (2017: 3.5 hectares).
Post-war period: consolidation
After the war, the revival of Franconian viticulture began in 1960, with advice to the winegrowers, establishment of winegrowers' cooperatives and the first, gentler land consolidation of the vineyards. Franconia was only a small white wine-growing area with a short supply. Until the wine cellars were finally bought empty in the 1970s.
Present: the area under vines tripled
Prices skyrocketed over the 1970s. Whereupon local consumers temporarily switched to French or Italian white wines. The achievable high prices with Franconian wine resulted in an enormous expansion of the vineyards (tripling to date), but this was only permitted on historical vineyards. Meanwhile, in all other German and worldwide wine-growing regions, the vineyards stagnated or were slightly reduced. As a result, Franconia grew again into a medium-sized German wine-growing region, partly at the expense of quality. Until then, only insiders valued the wine, which was barely available outside of Franconia, but since then, like wines from other growing regions, it has been offered nationwide. The regional winegrowers' cooperative Franconia (GWF) came under criticism for mass production. From then on, like everywhere else, you had to take care of the wine marketing, which was not necessary in the past (see also: New Franconia ). Finally, the Franconian wine even had an image problem, which would have been unimaginable in the post-war decades.
geography
overview
Today there are 6,253 hectares (2017) of vineyards in the Franconian wine-growing region. A wine-growing area that was small until the 1970s became the sixth largest wine region in Germany.
In the northern hemisphere , the cultivation zone for wine lies between the 30th (20 ° C isotherm of the annual average temperature) and 50th degree of latitude (10 ° C isotherm). By far the largest part of the Franconian wine country lies south of the 50th parallel, which corresponds to the Main line . Only a small part, mainly the region around the Franconian Saale , lies north of it. In addition, the annual average temperature in Weinfranken is around 9 ° C. For this reason, Franconia has so far been regarded as a wine region in the critical area, for example at the cultivation limit, which has recently been shifting further north due to global warming . Because of the hitherto often severe winters and the possibility of late frosts, the cultivated area is limited to protected locations along the Main, its side valleys, in particular the Franconian Saale, Wern and Tauber and the Steigerwald eaves at the western end of the Steigerwald .
The three districts with the largest vineyards are the district of Kitzingen , the wine district with the historic wine trading town of Kitzingen , the district of Würzburg , in Veitshöchheim with the Bavarian State Institute for Viticulture and Horticulture and the district of Schweinfurt , with its wine region between Main in the north and Steigerwald in the south . The two regional centers of Bamberg in the east, with the Camerathen vineyard at Michelsberg Monastery and Aschaffenburg in the west, form the endpoints of Weinfranken, each with only around 1 hectare of vineyards. The wine metropolis of Würzburg lies exactly in the middle in between, in a strikingly clearly structured wine-growing area (see: map of wine-growing areas ). The northernmost and southernmost wine-growing areas of Franconia are two small villages that both belong to the Main Triangle area. The northernmost place is Wirmsthal , bordering on Bad Kissingen , which, together with the neighboring wine towns of Ramsthal and Sulzthal, forms a small, relatively isolated wine region in deeply cut side valleys of the Franconian Saale in the Vorrhön , which was assigned to the greater Burg (Hammelburg) site . The southernmost wine village is Tauberzell in Middle Franconia, which is free of large areas and where viticulture has been practiced for 700 years, and is also the only wine-growing village in the Ansbach district . A small vineyard with only 0.9 ha is located further south in the same district, in Rothenburg ob der Tauber , which can therefore no longer be called a wine village .
The Bocksbeutel, a typical characteristic of Franconian wine, does not exactly mark the boundaries of the wine region everywhere. It can also be used in two small areas in the Baden wine-growing region (see: Bocksbeutel ).
Geology and soils
Before about 240 million years ago that covered Triassic sea Mainfrankenpark that by Spessart and Odenwald was dammed until finally the Main gradually its valley in the form of the main quadrangle burying as a drain of the sea. The last traces of the sea date from around 180 million years ago. In the intervening 60 million years, it deposited three layers that form the main nutrient medium for Franconian wine: Buntsandstein , Muschelkalk and Keuper , whereby in the colorful Keuperboden all variants from deep sea to shallow sea to mainland with shallow water zones were represented.
The nature of the soil results in wines that are very rich in minerals and have a spicy taste. The mineral content of the wines therefore also plays a role in the quality check - unlike in all other growing areas.
The rocks in the Franconian wine country are also used in quarries and for the production of cement in Karlstadt and for a gypsum plant in Iphofen .
climate
In the area east of the Spessart , so the vast majority of the wine country, already there is a climate that the continentality in the transition zone between maritime climate and continental climate is. In addition to the nature of the soil, this contributes to the typical, strong taste of Franconian wine.
The largest area of the wine region is in the Main Franconian plates . Until the 1960s, frosts down to minus 20 ° C were not uncommon there - today they are still down to around minus 15 ° C. For this reason, different measures are taken to heat vineyards during late frosts. The Veitshöchheimer Landesanstalt has been making extensive experiments on this for years. Summers can be very hot and dry at times. In the hot summer of 2015 in Kitzingen on July 5 and August 7, the highest temperature ever recorded in Germany was reached at 40.3 ° C. In the same year Gerolzhofen was the driest place in Germany,
- Frost-free growing season: 160–190 days;
- Duration of sunshine: 1600–1750 hours;
- Annual temperature: 8.5–9.0 ° C; (with increasing trend)
- Precipitation rate: 500–600 l / m².
Franconian wine
Characteristic
In contrast to other German wine regions, in Franconia, like in France , wine is primarily a food companion. Typical Franconian wine is dry, "easy to drink" and goes well with almost all dishes, from regional bread to fish and meat dishes to Franconian sausages with sauerkraut. The latter is a combination that is also common in Alsace . Today's Franconian wine marketing also relies on summer wine (see: New Franconia ).
The typical Silvaner grape variety is used to produce neutral, fruity, earthy wines, which is why, in addition to dry wines, the earthy taste is a typical, traditional characteristic of Franconian wine. The dominance of the less productive and "difficult" Silvaner declined decades ago in favor of the mass carrier Müller-Thurgau , who at times occupied over half of the vineyard area.
Wines from Franconia are often made quite dry. Here, too, the exceptional position of Franconian wine is evident. "Franconian dry" wines (the term is not permitted for labeling purposes) contain a maximum of four grams per liter of residual sugar (German dry maximum nine grams per liter). Every year 12,000 to 14,000 Franconian wines are officially tested, the proportion of Franconian dry wines is 25%. Many wineries also produce "internationally dry" wines from grape varieties such as Riesling, Pinot Blanc or Pinot Gris.
Traditionally, the location plays just as important a role for Franconian wine as the winemaker. Since the location information for laypeople outside Franconia is not very meaningful, attempts have recently been made to sell the wine under certain brand names. One example of this is the “Tilman” from the Winzergemeinschaft Franken (GWF). Behind it are different wines and sparkling wines from different locations, sometimes from different grape varieties.
The way Franconian wines are ready to drink is very different. Simple quality wines and cabinet wines should be drunk as early as possible, as their acidity decreases over time and the freshness typical of Franconian plants is lost. Good dry Spätlese wines, residual sweet wines and high-quality red wines (e.g. from the barrique barrel ) should be opened one to two years after bottling at the earliest (many of them only go on sale after a year anyway) and, if properly stored, can also be used after more than taste great ten years from now. Noble sweet wines, especially from the Silvaner, Riesling, Rieslaner and Scheurebe grape varieties, can last for decades if the vintages are very good.
Bocksbeutel
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Bocksbeutel
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New Bocksbeutel
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The Bocksbeutel is the typical and well-known bottle shape for high-quality Franconian wines. It is also used in Portugal . Around 30% of all wines from Franconia are filled in this bottle. The vitreous body is flat and bulbous and has only a short neck. The origin of the name has not been conclusively clarified; It is likely that the similarity of the bottle shape to the billy goat scrotum plays a role. Further derivations go from "belly digger" or "book pouch". Another interpretation traces the shape back to a further development of the field bottles .
The name of the producer or dealer is shown on the label. A coat of arms that has been lent or designed by yourself is part of the typical design. The official inspection number provides information about the dealer and the year of bottling. The location, the grape variety and the rank of the wine are also listed.
The Bocksbeutel has been protected in the EU since 1989 and may only be used for Franconian wines. The only exceptions are the Tauberfranken region in the Baden wine-growing region, the Baden-Baden vineyards with the “Bocksbeutel localities ” Steinbach (including the Umweg district), Varnhalt and Neuweier . In addition, a bottle of a similar shape may be used in Portugal .
At the end of 2015, the Franconian Viticulture Association presented the newly designed “Bocksbeutel PS” by designer Peter Schmidt , which is intended to replace the previous bottles in the long term. The flat, bulbous shape was retained, but the edges became more angular.
Grape varieties
The German wine-growing regions are mostly dominated by Riesling (22%), but this does not apply to Franconia, which is also an exception here. Here the Silvaner is the most important grape variety and is considered a typical Franconian wine. The first planting in Franconia can be documented for the year 1659 (see: Steigerwald ). In order to achieve better yields in view of the climatic difficulties, large areas were planted with Müller-Thurgau in the 20th century - the grape variety celebrated its centenary in Franconia in 2013. In the meantime (until 2018) it was the most common variety, the proportion has been declining for several years.
Other traditional grape varieties are Kerner and Scheurebe . The Kerner is similar to the Silvaner; it is resistant to the sometimes severe winter frosts in Franconia. The Scheurebe can withstand drought and calcareous soil , both of which apply to Franconia.
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Franconian Silvaner
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Former Botanical Institute of the University of Würzburg, where Hermann Müller-Thurgau received his doctorate in 1874
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red wine
As a result of global warming , far more red wine is planted today than in the past; 19% of the Franconian vineyard area of what was once the typical white wine region.
The western edge of the Mainviereck is the only traditional Franconian red wine region. Recently, due to the global warming grown in other parts of wine Franc red wine, in particular the Pinot Noir , has an excellent quality which partially extends to French wines.
- “For years, early and late Burgundy, often of high quality, have been grown on the red sandstone soils and the weathered soils of the primary rock. The best locations are the Centgrafenberg in Bürgstadt and the Schlossberg in Klingenberg am Main. The red wines produced there can compete with national and international Burgundians. "
In the west of the Mainviereck, the climatic and geological conditions have always been particularly suitable for the cultivation of red wine. For this reason, early Burgundy and Spätburgunder in particular have been grown on the red sandstone floors there for years . The best locations are the Centgrafenberg in Bürgstadt and the Schlossberg in Klingenberg am Main . The Franconian red wine growing area between Großwallstadt and Bürgstadt has been accessible to tourists since 1990 thanks to the 79 km long Franconian red wine hiking trail . The region is also known under the name Churfranken .
sparkling wine
Up until the end of the 20th century , Franconian sparkling wine was produced occasionally, in particular by the J. Oppmann Sektkellerei in Würzburg - it has been more widespread since then - from simple secco to sparkling wine in traditional bottle fermentation using the hand-shaken champagne process with the brut (very dry , 6 to 12 g / l residual sugar) and extra brut (0 to 6 g / l residual sugar). The grape variety used is Silvaner or, for example, Kerner . Worth mentioning are Castell ( Fürstlich Castell'schesdomainamt ) and Escherndorf ( Horst Sauer winery ) as well as the three large Würzburg wineries (see: Well-known wineries ), as well as Sulzfeld am Main (Bernard winery), Schweinfurt (Dahms winery) or Randersacker (Brand winery) ).
Due to global warming, viticulture is increasingly possible in Germany, as in France , which benefits not only the cultivation of red wine but also the production of sparkling wine, while France is facing problems, which is why experts believe that Franconia will be the successor region to Champagne .
Wineries, winemakers and cooperatives
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Princely castle in Castell
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State Hofkellerei in Würzburg
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Well-known top wineries are the Horst Sauer winery in Escherndorf , which received the award for best white wine producer worldwide in the 2004 London International Wine and Spirit Competition , and the Fürstlich Castell'sche Domain Office in Castell . Three of the largest German wineries are located in Würzburg. The smallest of them is the famous Bürgerspital , the second largest German winery is the Juliusspital and the third largest is the Staatliche Hofkeller . However, this was criticized for decades. (Picture of the wine cellar: see Franconian wine )
The greater part of the vineyard area is cultivated by self- marketers who carry out the vinification in their own operation with their own cellar technology. There are many small winemakers in Franconia . 2,916 companies had joined together to form cooperatives , since investments in cellar technology and marketing of this size can only be managed in a network. The largest cooperative is the Winzergemeinschaft Franken (GWF) with around 1400 hectares of vineyards, the oldest is the Winzergenossenschaft Sommerach, founded in 1901 .
Viticulture areas
Old division
The wine region Franken was in three large to 2016 inclusive wine fields divided with different soil formations. The course of the Main forms two clear geometric figures immediately one behind the other, which is unique in the world, at least for better-known rivers. From west to east (up the Main), the Mainviereck with red sandstone is followed by the Main triangle with shell limestone , while Keuper prevails in the Steigerwald . The earlier areas had the corresponding geographical names:
- Mainviereck area (red sandstone)
- Main triangle area (Muschelkalk)
- Steigerwald area (Keuper)
New division
The three large areas were divided into twelve new areas at the beginning of 2017, also under the aspects of tourism and marketing . Some of the areas were given newly introduced names with no historical reference, such as Weinpanorama Steigerwald or tourist names such as Mittelfränkische Bocksbeutelstrasse . The areas often cut through contiguous landscapes , in two cases also the area of a large community ( Iphofen and Seinsheim ) and in two other cases the area of historical individual communities or individual districts ( Rödelsee and Abtswind ). Ippesheim and Weigenheim may optionally be assigned to two areas (S 4 or S 5) ¹. The new areas, however, refer to the previous three large areas and subdivide them further, listed below up the Main or in the Steigerwald from north to south:
¹ Abbreviation of the areas in the list: Vineyards of all communities with viticulture |
Areas of adjacent wine-growing areas
The 13 German specific cultivation areas are based primarily not on the natural borders of the landscape , but on the political borders of the federal states . For this reason, two areas that form a unit with the Franconian wine-growing region in terms of landscape and character or are similar to it, but which lie on the other side of the Bavarian border, were assigned to other wine-growing regions . In the first area described below, the Bocksbeutel may still be used, in the second, despite local efforts, not.
Tauberfranken
The geographically contiguous wine region in the valley of the Tauber was allocated to the Franconian wine-growing region and the Baden wine-growing region , corresponding to the border between Bavaria and Baden-Württemberg .
Within the Franconian wine-growing region, the Taubertal was again allocated to two areas. The Lower Franconian part belongs to the area Main South (D 3¹), which was newly created in 2017, and the Taubertal, which belongs to Middle Franconia, belongs to the Middle Franconian Bocksbeutelstrasse area (S 5¹)
Within the Baden wine-growing region, the Taubertal forms its own Tauberfranken area . The best known here is the wine town of Beckstein with its large Tauberklinge vineyard, whose wine is offered nationwide in Bocksbeuteln.
Umstadt
Not far west of the Mainviereck, only 8 km behind the Bavarian border, on the northern edge of the Odenwald lies the so-called Odenwälder Weininsel around Groß-Umstadt . It was allocated to the Hessische Bergstrasse wine-growing region and, because of its isolated and alien location, forms the specially created Umstadt area with 72 hectares (2014) of vineyards. The wine has a Franconian character. "The wine on the Bergstrasse tastes different [...] If we weren't Hessen, we would be Franconians" . There were unsuccessful local efforts to assign Umstadt to the Franconian wine-growing region.
Complete overview of viticulture in Bavaria
Baierwein
The remaining smaller vineyards in Bavaria outside of the two specific growing areas in Franconia and on Lake Constance (see list below) are summarized as viticulture in Baiern ( Old Bavaria ) with the umbrella term Baierwein. The main focus of the Baier wine, the so-called country wine region of Regensburg, lies on the Danube on the south-western slopes of the Bavarian Forest . In the past, viticulture was practiced on the Danube to a greater extent than it is today, as well as on Altmühl , Isar and Salzach . Today, outside of the Regensburg country wine region, only noteworthy small areas in Thurmansbang in the southern Bavarian Forest at 500 m above sea level belong to the Baierwein . NN.
List of vineyards in Bavaria
| region |
Vineyards hectares (2018) |
Affiliation |
Quality level of the growing area |
|---|---|---|---|
| Franconia growing area | 6,270 | dto. | (1) |
| Bavarian Lake Constance area | 68 | Wuerttemberg cultivation area | (1) |
| Country wine region Regensburg | 6th | dto. | (2) |
| Remaining vineyards | 13 | no | (3) |
| Total vineyard area | 6,357 | (1 - 3) |
Quality levels of the growing areas: in addition to the wine itself, the geographical wine-growing regions are also divided internationally into quality levels, in Germany into the following three:
Description of the Franconian growing area
Main square
The Mainviereck surrounds the Spessart Nature Park . The vineyards further west on the Main beyond the Bavarian border in Hesse , such as in the east of Frankfurt , belong to the Rheingau wine region . The vineyards along the Main are widely distributed and are often very small, so that very little wine is produced, which usually does not leave the growing area. Viticulture is concentrated on the west side of the Mainviereck, while it can only be found sporadically on the south side and the southernmost area of the east side. The remaining, by far the largest part of the east side of the square is free from viticulture.
The west side of the Mainviereck is the only region of Franconia with a longer red wine tradition (see: red wine ). The northernmost wine-growing town on the Main Quadrangle is to Alzenau belonging Michelbach , but it is not the northernmost wine-growing town of Franconia (see overview ). Aschaffenburg has only three small individual locations that do not belong to any major location . The first larger vineyards only begin 20 km south of Aschaffenburg, in Erlenbach am Main . Important wine locations are also Bürgstadt , Großheubach and Klingenberg (see: red wine ). Homburg am Main with the famous Kallmuth vineyard is located at the southeast corner of the Mainviereck . In 1954 the land consolidation of the Franconian vineyards began in Erlenbach am Main . (See also: Land consolidation of the vineyards ).
- Main square
Pompejanum in Aschaffenburg,
location: Pompejaner
Klingenberg am Main,
location: Schlossberg
Homburg am Main,
location: Kallmuth
Main triangle
In the Main Triangle, red wines are now also grown , partly in steep-slope viticulture , especially Silvaner (see: red wine ). The main triangle forms the core area of the Franconian wine-growing region with its focus around Würzburg and the Volkach Main loop (photo: see beginning of article). At and in the Maindreieck lie the two larger side valleys of the Main, the Franconian Saale and the Wern , where viticulture is also practiced.
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Main triangle from the satellite
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Grape
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In publications it is often mentioned that the Main Triangle, together with Saale and Wern, resembles a bunch of grapes (see also upper map).
- "As if to fix the Franconian wine region as such in geography for all time, the result was that the Maindreieck, together with the Franconian Saale and the upper reaches of the Wern, drew the clear shape of a grape on the map."
The beginning of the Main Triangle around Karlstadt is shaped by shell limestone with smaller vineyards located between rocks that escaped vineyard consolidation , some with unusual "herringbone vineyards " with diagonal, opposing natural stone retaining walls. The Würzburg basin lies on the western arm of the Main Triangle . At one time there were up to 160 individual layers in the city. Today there are still seven that belong to the Marienberg site (see: Introduction of the large sites ). The Würzburger Stein has been known for centuries. It was Goethe's favorite wine (“no one else wants to taste it”), who drank enormous quantities of wine, preferably from Franconia. In 1821 alone he had 700 liters delivered from a Schweinfurt wine shop. On the eastern arm of the Main Triangle, the Weininsel in the Volkacher Mainschleife forms the largest contiguous vineyard area in Franconia with around 750 hectares and 12% of the total area of the wine region. Around 450 hectares of this fall on the largest wine-growing community in the Franconian wine region, Nordheim am Main . On the island, with more balanced conditions than in other areas of Franconia, there are also extremely unusual vineyards facing north due to the special microclimate .
Important wine locations in the Main Triangle, some of which are well-known individual vineyards, are upstream of the Main : Thüngersheim (Scharlachberg) , Würzburg (Stein and Innere Leiste), Randersacker (Ewig Leben), Eibelstadt , Sommerhausen , Frickenhausen am Main , Sulzfeld am Main , Dettelbach , Neuses am Berg ( Neuseser Glatzen ), Sommerach ( Katzenkopf ), Nordheim ( Nordheimer Kreuzberg and Nordheimer Vögelein ), Escherndorf ( Escherndorfer Lump ), Astheim ( Astheimer Karthäuser ), Volkach ( Volkacher councilor ), Fahr am Main , Obereisenheim (Höll), Stammheim and Wipfeld (tithe count). Hammelburg (the oldest wine town in Franconia) is on the Franconian Saale and Stetten is a wine-growing town on the Wern .
- Main triangle
Würzburg with historical and current vineyards
Volkacher vineyards
End of the main triangle: Mainberg Castle near Schweinfurt,
location: Mainberger Schlossberg
Steigerwald
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Steigerwald eaves on the Schwanberg
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Castell, with Altcastell tower hill
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The wine-growing region at the Steigerwald mainly comprises the approximately 90 km long Steigerwald eaves, which slopes down to the Mainfränkische Platten with the Main Triangle in the west . The Steigerwald eaves lie between the Main near Zeil in the north and the Windsheimer Bucht in the south and largely belongs to Lower Franconia .
Particularly in the Gipskeuperböden area around the Schwanberg am Steigerwald, where the Knauf Group's headquarters and a gypsum plant are located in Iphofen , wines that are very mineral-rich, especially Silvaner, are also produced. Wine critics claim that the Maindreieck and Steigerwald are the only areas in Germany where the Silvaner produces better results than the Riesling . The most important wine towns are Iphofen (Julius-Echter-Berg) , Rödelsee (master chef) and Castell (Schlossberg) . Other well-known wine-growing communities are, also from south to north: Ippesheim , Abtswind , Handthal (Stollberg) , Zell am Ebersberg and Zeil am Main .
The first Silvaner Franconia was probably planted in Castell. The sale of 25 Austrian Fechser - a synonym for the Silvaner - is documented in a certificate . The document describes the handover of the Fechser on April 5, 1659 by the landlord and tanner Georg Krauss in Obereisenheim , then part of the Castell County , to a Casteller official. It is also mentioned that the Fechser were planted in Castell on the following day, the Wednesday after Easter . This oldest written record of the Silvaner in Franconia is in the Casteller archive.
Wine and way of life
The cultivation of wine has also shaped the Main Franconian way of life. Unlike in many other German regions, wine is a popular drink there. Understanding of wine and the associated way of life have therefore long been widespread in a popular way, in contrast to the rest of Germany, where this often has elitist traits. In the post-war period, bulk wine, sweetened for the German taste, was frowned upon in Franconia, and dry wines and quality were already popular, long before this development also found its way into other German wine-growing regions to a greater extent.
Wine festivals and gastronomy
Numerous wine festivals take place in almost every wine-growing area once or several times a year. The largest of these festivals is the Franconian Wine Festival in Volkach . The wine festival on the Peterstirn in Schweinfurt takes place twice a year on a castle hill .
The hedge or hedge economy are also popular (called ostrich or broom economy in other growing areas). Winemakers are allowed to sell their own wine and small dishes in these for several weeks a year. Wine is served there all year round, but mostly fresh Bremser ( Federweißer ) in early autumn .
Many wine inns are located in historical buildings, such as the Zehnthöfe , also called Zehntkeller, in Iphofen or Nordheim (currently, 2018, closed), furthermore in historical old people's homes, the hospitals such as Bürgerspital and Juliusspital in Würzburg, and also in castles such as For example the Hallburg near Volkach and the Steinburg in Würzburg, also in castles such as the hotels Schloss Saaleck near Hammelburg with a winery, Schloss Zeilitzheim in the southern district of Schweinfurt or Schloss Frankenberg near Uffenheim or in old wineries, such as in Frickenhausen am Main .
- Wine and gastronomy in historical buildings
Wine tasting
at the Volkach market square
Winery in Frickenhausen
Hallburg near Volkach with the Schlossberg vineyards
View from Saaleck Castle
on Hammelburg vineyards
Frankenberg Castle
near Uffenheim
Historical places in Weinfranken
Characteristic of the Franconian wine country are its small towns with sometimes only 2000 or 3000 inhabitants and a high density of traditional inns. Some of them still have a completely preserved city wall . Above all, the wine town of Volkach should be mentioned here, with a closed, historical townscape, free from tourist kitsch , as well as the towns of Mainbernheim , Marktbreit , Dettelbach , Prichsenstadt , Hammelburg and Klingenberg . Like Volkach, Iphofen occupies a special position among the German wine towns due to its structural and cultural quality.
As is often the case elsewhere in Germany, only a few market communities and villages among the wine towns still have closed, historical townscapes such as the multi-award-winning Sommerach or Zeilitzheim and Sommerhausen and Frickenhausen with restrictions. Most other places, such as Randersacker , Nordheim or Escherndorf , have listed building ensembles or individual buildings, but no longer have any closed historical sites. In Koehler was created by the wine the particular form of settlement of a row hackers - street village , as the relief of the small village, between steep Furstenberg admitted and Main, no other building possibilities.
- Historic wine towns
Volkach
Iphofen
Mainbernheim
Market wide
Hammelburg with cellar lock
Klingenberg
tourism
The center of individual tourism is the Volkacher Mainschleife . With the exception of Würzburg, which is very well connected in terms of transport, where around 1000 river cruise ships dock annually , there is no mass tourism in the Franconian wine region . The usual German wine tourism and bus tourism, such as on the Rhine or Moselle , do not exist in Franconia. Tourist kitsch and souvenir shops are frowned upon.
The western Mainviereck is somewhat of an exception. It is already a weekend excursion destination in the Rhine-Main area , and its influence can be felt there. With the long-established Frankfurt bourgeoisie, with its "Franconian substructure", Weinfranken is more popular for weekend trips than the Rheingau , Rheinhessen or the Hessian Bergstrasse .
Franconian wine queens
Tradition has the annual election of a Franconian wine queen , who is supposed to contribute to the marketing of the local wine and who also takes part in the annual election for the German wine queen . So far (2018), Franconia has represented a relatively large number of German wine queens in relation to the size of the wine region with eight Volkach is the wine community in Germany that had the most German wine queens with three, the adjoining Sommerach had two. This also reflects the down-to-earthness, authenticity and quality of the wine region with a corresponding understanding of wine beyond learned knowledge.
Nevertheless, the Franconian Winegrowing Association feels disadvantaged compared to a jury that prefers candidates from Rhineland-Palatinate . The managing director of the Franconian winegrowing association Hermann Schmitt therefore threatened to boycott the elections in 2015.
The election for the 69th German Wine Queen on September 29, 2017 in Neustadt an der Weinstrasse , which, as usual, was broadcast live on television, caused a scandal . The candidates were supposed to guess the corresponding German wine region and the grape variety by blindly tasting a wine. The Franconian candidate Silena Werner from Stammheim was the only one who succeeded. On the other hand, a candidate from Rhineland-Palatinate named two possibilities after a wine tasted, the moderator rated one of them as the correct answer, although the candidate had not yet made a decision. After Silena Werner left the audience, there were whistles and boos.
Many wine towns also have wine princesses, some of whom take part in the annual Franconian Wine Queen election.
Wine heraldry
The centuries-old wine culture in the Franconian wine-growing region is also reflected in the coats of arms of the wine-growing towns, which were created as a symbol of identity for the respective communities. Most of these coats of arms come from the second half of the 20th century, when viticulture in Franconia again rose to become an economic factor. The so-called common figures , the coat of arms and shield images, refer in many ways to viticulture.
The center of the wine coats-of-arms is Lower Franconia, although shield images relating to wine also appear in the other two Franconian administrative districts of Bavaria . In the 1970s, grapevines were added to a total of two district coats of arms, because most of the places there are associated with viticulture. These are the "Weinlandkreis" Kitzingen, which combines the largest vineyard area in the growing area, and the Main-Spessart district with the old wine towns of Lohr and Karlstadt.
Viticulture found the oldest heraldic evidence on the coat of arms of the municipality of Dingolshausen , on which a green grapevine is depicted. It was awarded in 1561 by the Würzburg bishop. Representations of vines or individual grapes appear most frequently. The Rödelsee coat of arms, adopted in 1969 , is special in that the golden grape refers to the centuries-old winemaking tradition. The silver swan next to it symbolizes the Schwanleite (and Schwanberg) vineyards, so that all common figures refer directly or indirectly to viticulture.
References to viticulture in communities that no longer belong to the cultivation areas today are more of a historical character. The gold-silver grape on the coat of arms of Hettstadt is one such case. The case is different in Stammheim . The winepress in the coat of arms makes the position of the village as an important place in the cultivation area clear, but the coat of arms itself lost its validity with the municipal reform. In addition to the Stammheim wine press, there are other tools in the coat of arms that indicate viticulture. Crossed vine knives were shown in Waigolshausen , while shot ladders can be found in Maroldsweisach (today without viticulture) .
District of Kitzingen, "A golden piece of vine in blue"
Main-Spessart district, "A golden bunch of grapes in red"
Rödelsee, "In red a golden grape with a golden vine leaf"
Hettstadt, "In red a grape with silver leaves and golden berries"
Kolitzheim-Stammheim, "A silver wine press in green"
Waigolshausen, "Two crossed vine knives in red"
Maroldsweisach, "In silver a black ladder sloping to the left"
Changes
Changed framework conditions
The Main was canalized through the expansion to a large shipping route in connection with the Rhine-Main-Danube Canal in the 1950s and 1960s. The Main Valley, especially in the greater Würzburg area, was sprawled commercially from the post-war period until today . The Würzburg Main Valley, which was an extraordinary wine and cultural landscape before the war , suffered countless changes to the landscape , as well as the fragmentation of the landscape by motorways, large bridges and the route of an ICE high-speed route with a tunnel through the Steinweinberg .
By the Bavarian regional reform of the 1970s, many wine-growing villages lost their independence and wine individual layers are sometimes, but not always, especially the greater community associated (see also: vineyards all municipalities with viticulture ).
Land consolidation of the vineyards
The land consolidation of the vineyards has so far (2018) been implemented on 3200 hectares and thus a good half of Franconia's vineyards. It began as early as the 1950s, but was not carried out on a large scale until the 1970s. Here, especially in the large locations in the Würzburg area, historic walls, tool sheds and bushes were leveled in favor of easier management. Monotonous structures emerged, with considerable interventions in the landscape, which today are regretted in many places and viewed as counterproductive for tourism. In some places there are therefore considerations about renaturation .
Introduction of large areas
With the introduction of large sites in the German Wine Act , for example, the historic Würzburg individual sites were grouped under the invented site name Marienberg as a large site. Traditional location names, such as in this case Würzburger Stein or Inner Bar , should disappear. Background: the blend from the various individual layers of a large wine location was thereby permitted. With many Franconian winemakers this regulation is very controversial, also with regard to quality, as each individual location has its own character. Most of the time, people do not adhere to it, and the individual layers are indicated on the labels when marketing. The largest area in terms of area is the Volkacher Kirchberg , and the Iphöfer Burgweg is also significant . As part of the reorganization of the areas, some large locations were dissolved again in 2017, including the Casteller Herrenberg .
Architecture and wine
For some years now it has not been sufficient to attract potential customers solely with the opportunity to buy wine; wine tourism with short breaks is becoming more and more important. Attempts are made to increase the attractiveness of the wineries by building new properties or expanding the portfolio. In the new ambience, the customer should not only experience and taste the wine , but also feel that he is part of a culture. The German Wine Institute has been honoring buildings and facilities in the 13 wine-growing regions of Germany as highlights of wine culture since 2010 . In Franconia, these include the Iphofen vinotheque (see: picture below), the guest house and winery of the Weingut am Stein in Würzburg, the Weinreich of the Sommerach winegrowers' cooperative, the press and wine press house of the Brennfleck winery in Sulzfeld am Main and the vinotheque of the Max Müller winery I in Volkach.
New franc
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Land-adjusted vineyard Würzburger Stein
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Vinotheque in Iphofen
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In recent times, young winemakers have often broken with traditions. Their red wine gave excellent results (see: Red Wine ).
When it comes to white wine, Franconian wine marketing is increasingly oriented towards international standards and the mainstream :
- "The naturally characteristic note that results from the [Franconian] soils and the climate is simply missing in the sweet and sour mainstream of taste."
General trends were recorded with the frequently used catchword “ summer wine ” and the attributes “fresh”, “sparkling”, “fruity”, “light”, “invigorating” and “digestible”. The Riesling has recently been portrayed as "typical Franconian vine", although it is not (see: grape varieties ) and also by the global warming gets in trouble, while other varieties benefit. Taste descriptions such as “ orange ”, “ raspberry ”, “ pineapple ” or “ kiwi ” are common on wine lists . These wines are often bottled in Bordeaux bottles or white buckskin bags. This wine category is called "New Franconia", in contrast to the classic Franconia .
The boundaries are fluid. In general, Franconian white wines have often lost the strong, earthy or green taste typical of the area. The color of the wine also changed in these cases; if it was previously golden yellow or wine green, it is now often lighter.
Changed gastronomy
The Franconian wine lost its character as a popular drink in the 21st century . Wine and gastronomy were refined in many places. Traditional, bourgeois wine bars have often been redesigned into elite restaurants, including the wine bar of the famous foundation of the Citizens Hospital for the Holy Spirit , which used to be the institution and heart of Würzburg. The once popular meeting place, a historic vaulted labyrinth, was expanded in 1978 to a restaurant and conference center with around 500 seats. In 1986 the landlord changed, in 2010 there was another redesign. Since then, the wine bars are no longer accepted by the common citizen. Beer is also on offer, which was once completely unthinkable in this place.
The new developments are particularly widespread in the Würzburg and Kitzingen areas.
Preserved cultural landscape in the east
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Not land-adjusted vineyard in Falkenstein am Steigerwald
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Peterstirn winery in Schweinfurt
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Due to the land consolidation of the vineyards, the introduction of large vineyards and new areas (see: Wine- growing areas ) as well as new trends, the Franconian wine country has lost its authenticity in many places and lost its original character.
The eastern region between Schweinfurt and the Steigerwald is usually more structured, which is why land consolidations are economically uninteresting in many places and in many places no large-scale vineyards have been introduced.
“The Müller-Thurgau has its best locations on the Gipskeuper soils in the Steigerwald south of Schweinfurt. This is Weinfrankens most homely corner, a largely original farming country. "
New wine marketing and trends are less widespread here or not at all and vinotheques are hard to find. Maintaining and preserving tradition away from the mainstream actionism has a higher priority among the population in the vicinity of the Schweinfurt large-scale industrial center. In addition, the Schweinfurter Land is the center of Franconian costumes and customs (plant dance ). At the more than 350 year old Gochsheimer Kirchweih wine is served instead of beer.
Due to its small-scale structures, this region is not suitable for cheap bulk wine and is therefore of no interest to the Winzergemeinschaft Franken (GWF). Therefore, wines from here, as well as from the Mainviereck (see: Mainviereck ) mainly only meet the needs of the local population and are not offered nationwide, for example in discounters .
Vineyards in all communities with viticulture
In the specific Franconian wine-growing area , viticulture is practiced in 131 municipalities (2017) or in 233 districts that were independent municipalities until the Bavarian territorial reform in the 1970s, ranging from large areas to individual, small vineyards. The municipality in whose territory most of the once independent wine-growing villages are located is Bad Windsheim , in the Middle Franconian Bocksbeutelstrasse area. There, including the core city , viticulture is practiced in ten districts, but mostly only to a smaller extent (see: Rank 51).
As a result of the regional reform, famous Franconian wine towns disappeared as independent communities, such as Escherndorf, and were merged to form anonymous large communities . As a result, the statistics on the vineyards of the wine-growing areas often only contain larger, summarized values without information content, such as in particular on Volkach (1st place), while the once largest Franconian wine town Nordheim am Main moved to second place. In the course of the regional reform, so-called retort communities with new names that did not previously exist as wine towns, such as Eisenheim (5th place), which thus achieved a larger vineyard area than the historic wine metropolis of Würzburg (8th place), while only two were located Ranks behind the large community of Kolitzheim is located, with the eponymous old town without a single vineyard.
An exception is the Gerolzhofen administrative community , roughly comparable to the Rhineland-Palatinate association communities . On the one hand, as Bavaria's largest administrative community with 8 communities and 29 locations, it is much larger than the usual large communities. On the other hand, seven wine villages remained independent and the historical (wine) structures were preserved.
All data from 2017
| rank | Community with viticulture |
Vineyard area in ha |
Districts with viticulture (1) | Area (2) | Former area | district | Administrative district |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Volkach | 627.2 | Astheim , Escherndorf , Fahr am Main , Gaibach , Koehler , Krautheim , Rimbach , Obervolkach | D 4 | Main triangle | Kitzingen | Lower Franconia |
| 2 | Nordheim am Main (g) | 319.0 | D 4 | Main triangle | Kitzingen | Lower Franconia | |
| 3 | Iphofen | 299.3 | Possenheim | S 3 and S 4 | Steigerwald | Kitzingen | Lower Franconia |
| 4th | Thüngersheim | 264.5 | D 2 | Main triangle | Wurzburg | Lower Franconia | |
| 5 | Eisenheim (n) | 257.7 | Obereisenheim , Untereisenheim | D 4 | Main triangle | Wurzburg | Lower Franconia |
| 6th | Randersacker | 243.2 | Lindelbach | D 3 | Main triangle | Wurzburg | Lower Franconia |
| 7th | Dettelbach | 236.0 | Bibergau , Brück , Neuses am Berg , Neusetz , Schnepfenbach | D 4 | Main triangle | Kitzingen | Lower Franconia |
| 8th | Wurzburg | 235.2 | Unterdürrbach | D 3 | Main triangle | - | Lower Franconia |
| 9 | Sommerach | 232.2 | D 4 | Main triangle | Kitzingen | Lower Franconia | |
| 10 | Kolitzheim ( x ) | 160.4 | Lindach , Stammheim , Zeilitzheim | D 4 | Main triangle | Schweinfurt | Lower Franconia |
| 11 | Sulzfeld am Main | 158.7 | D 3 | Main triangle | Kitzingen | Lower Franconia | |
| 12 | Oberschwarzach | 115.6 | Breitbach , Handthal , Kammerforst , Mutzenroth , Wiebelsberg | S 2 | Steigerwald | Schweinfurt | Lower Franconia |
| 13 | Ippesheim | 110.9 | Bull Home | optionally S 4 or S 5 | Steigerwald |
Neustadt an der Aisch- Bad Windsheim |
Middle Franconia |
| 14th | Rödelsee | 106.9 | D 3 and S 3 | Steigerwald | Kitzingen | Lower Franconia | |
| 15th | Frickenhausen am Main | 98.0 | D 3 | Main triangle | Wurzburg | Lower Franconia | |
| 16 | Karlstadt | 95.9 | Gambach , Karlburg , Laudenbach , Mühlbach , Stetten | D 2 | Main triangle | Main-Spessart | Lower Franconia |
| 17th | Willanzheim | 93.5 | Huettenheim | S 4 | Steigerwald | Kitzingen | Lower Franconia |
| 18th | Eibelstadt | 90.7 | D 3 | Main triangle | Wurzburg | Lower Franconia | |
| 19th | Castell | 89.9 | Greuth | S 3 | Steigerwald | Kitzingen | Lower Franconia |
| 20th | Sommerhausen | 86.2 | D 3 | Main triangle | Wurzburg | Lower Franconia | |
| 21st | Alzenau ( x ) | 85.1 | Hörstein , Kälberau , Michelbach , Wasserlos | V 1 | Main square | Aschaffenburg | Lower Franconia |
| 22nd | Hammelburg | 81.2 | Feuerthal , Obererthal , Obereschenbach , Untererthal , Untereschenbach , Westheim | D 1 | Main triangle | Bad Kissingen | Lower Franconia |
| 23 | Mainstockheim | 81.0 | D 3 | Main triangle | Kitzingen | Lower Franconia | |
| 24 | Wipfeld | 76.0 | D 4 | Main triangle | Schweinfurt | Lower Franconia | |
| 25th | Retzstadt | 71.6 | D 2 | Main triangle | Main-Spessart | Lower Franconia | |
| 26th | Großlangheim | 70.9 | S 3 | Steigerwald | Kitzingen | Lower Franconia | |
| 27 | Kitzingen | 70.9 | Hoheim , Repperndorf , Sickershausen | D 3 | Main triangle | Kitzingen | Lower Franconia |
| 28 | Burgstadt | 69.6 | V 2 | Main square | Miltenberg | Lower Franconia | |
| 29 | Leinach (n) | 66.9 | Oberleinach, Unterleinach | D 2 | Main triangle | Wurzburg | Lower Franconia |
| 30th | Weigenheim | 65.6 | Reusch | optionally S 4 or S 5 | Steigerwald | Neustadt an der Aisch- Bad Windsheim |
Middle Franconia |
| 31 | Zellingen | 64.7 | Retzbach | D 2 | Main triangle | Main-Spessart | Lower Franconia |
| 32 | Triefenstein (n) | 62.9 | Homburg , Lengfurt | V 3 | Main square | Main-Spessart | Lower Franconia |
| 33 | Wiesenbronn | 59.5 | S 3 | Steigerwald | Kitzingen | Lower Franconia | |
| 34 | Großheubach | 54.6 | V 2 | Main square | Miltenberg | Lower Franconia | |
| 35 | Ipsheim | 54.6 | Kaubenheim , Weimersheim | S 5 | Steigerwald | Neustadt an der Aisch- Bad Windsheim |
Middle Franconia |
| 36 | Michelau in the Steigerwald | 53.5 | Altmannsdorf , Hundelshausen , Prüßberg | S 2 | Steigerwald | Schweinfurt | Lower Franconia |
| 37 | Abtswind | 50.9 | S 2 and S 3 | Steigerwald | Kitzingen | Lower Franconia | |
| 38 | Home of being | 49.4 | Tiefenstockheim | S 3 and S 4 | Steigerwald | Kitzingen | Lower Franconia |
| 39 | Einersheim market | 49.2 | S 3 | Steigerwald | Kitzingen | Lower Franconia | |
| 40 | Tauberrettersheim | 42.1 | D 3 | Main triangle | Wurzburg | Lower Franconia | |
| 41 | Großostheim | 38.0 | Pflaumheim , Wenigumstadt | V 2 | Main square | Aschaffenburg | Lower Franconia |
| 42 | Donnersdorf | 36.7 | Falkenstein , Traustadt | S 2 | Steigerwald | Schweinfurt | Lower Franconia |
| 43 | Erlenbach near Marktheidenfeld | 36.7 | Tiefenthal | V 3 | Main square | Main-Spessart | Lower Franconia |
| 44 | Sky city | 34.9 | D 2 | Main triangle | Main-Spessart | Lower Franconia | |
| 45 | Sugenheim ( x ) | 34.5 | Ingolstadt , Krassolzheim , Neundorf | S 5 | Steigerwald | Neustadt an der Aisch- Bad Windsheim |
Middle Franconia |
| 46 | Erlabrunn | 33.9 | D 2 | Main triangle | Wurzburg | Lower Franconia | |
| 47 | Ramsthal | 33.8 | D 1 | Main triangle | Bad Kissingen | Lower Franconia | |
| 48 | Röttingen | 33.7 | D 3 | Main triangle | Wurzburg | Lower Franconia | |
| 49 | Klingenberg am Main | 32.4 | Röllfeld , Trennfurt | V 2 | Main square | Miltenberg | Lower Franconia |
| 50 | Knetzgau ( x ) | 31.2 | Oberschwappach , Zell am Ebersberg | S 1 | Steigerwald | Hatred Mountains | Lower Franconia |
| 51 | Bad Windsheim | 30.8 | Berolzheim , Erkenbrechtshofen , Humprechtsau , Ickelheim , Külsheim , Oberntief , Rüdisbronn , Untertief , Wiebelsheim | S 5 | Steigerwald | Neustadt an der Aisch- Bad Windsheim |
Middle Franconia |
| 52 | Frankenwinheim | 29.0 | D 4 | Main triangle | Schweinfurt | Lower Franconia | |
| 53 | Zeil am Main | 24.1 | Krum , Schmachtenberg , Ziegelanger | S 1 | Steigerwald | Hatred Mountains | Lower Franconia |
| 54 | Prichsenstadt | 23.8 | Bimbach , Kirchschönbach | S 2 | Steigerwald | Kitzingen | Lower Franconia |
| 55 | Eussenheim | 22.7 | Aschfeld | D 2 | Main triangle | Main-Spessart | Lower Franconia |
| 56 | Segnitz | 22.6 | D 3 | Main triangle | Kitzingen | Lower Franconia | |
| 57 | Goessenheim | 21.7 | D 2 | Main triangle | Main-Spessart | Lower Franconia | |
| 58 | Ochsenfurt | 21.0 | Goßmannsdorf am Main , Kleinochsenfurt | D 3 | Main triangle | Wurzburg | Lower Franconia |
| 59 | Sand on the Main | 21.0 | S 1 | Steigerwald | Hatred Mountains | Lower Franconia | |
| 60 | Güntersleben | 20.0 | D 2 | Main triangle | Wurzburg | Lower Franconia | |
| 61 | Market wide | 19.6 | D 3 | Main triangle | Kitzingen | Lower Franconia | |
| 62 | Elsenfeld ( x ) | 19.5 | Back | V 2 | Main square | Miltenberg | Lower Franconia |
| 63 | Theilheim near Randersacker | 19.3 | D 3 | Main triangle | Wurzburg | Lower Franconia | |
| 64 | Buchbrunn | 19.0 | D 3 | Main triangle | Kitzingen | Lower Franconia | |
| 65 | Albertshofen | 18.3 | D 3 | Main triangle | Kitzingen | Lower Franconia | |
| 66 | Dingolshausen | 18.1 | Bischwind | S 2 | Steigerwald | Schweinfurt | Lower Franconia |
| 67 | Nordheim market | 17.8 | Herbolzheim , Ulsenheim , postage stamp Osing (F) | S 5 | Steigerwald | Neustadt an der Aisch- Bad Windsheim |
Middle Franconia |
| 68 | Veitshochheim | 17.7 | D 2 | Main triangle | Wurzburg | Lower Franconia | |
| 69 | Obernbreit | 16.3 | D 3 | Main triangle | Kitzingen | Lower Franconia | |
| 70 | Adelshofen ( x ) | 15.8 | Tauberscheckenbach , Tauberzell | S 5 | Steigerwald | Ansbach | Middle Franconia |
| 71 | Winterhausen | 15.5 | D 3 | Main triangle | Wurzburg | Lower Franconia | |
| 72 | Arnstein ( x ) | 13.5 | Binsfeld , Halsheim , Heugrumbach , Marbach , Müdesheim , | D 2 | Main triangle | Main-Spessart | Lower Franconia |
| 73 | Bergtheim | 13.5 | D 4 | Main triangle | Wurzburg | Lower Franconia | |
| 74 | Ebelsbach ( x ) | 13.2 | Steinbach | S 1 | Steigerwald | Hatred Mountains | Lower Franconia |
| 75 | Waigolshausen ( x ) | 12.6 | Hergolshausen , Theilheim | D 4 | Main triangle | Schweinfurt | Lower Franconia |
| 76 | Gerolzhofen | 12.5 | S 2 | Steigerwald | Schweinfurt | Lower Franconia | |
| 77 | Sulzheim ( x ) | 12.2 | Mönchstockheim | S 2 | Steigerwald | Schweinfurt | Lower Franconia |
| 78 | Großwallstadt | 11.9 | V 2 | Main square | Miltenberg | Lower Franconia | |
| 79 | Village Proceedings | 11.6 | V 2 | Main square | Miltenberg | Lower Franconia | |
| 80 | Marktheidenfeld | 11.3 | V 3 | Main square | Main-Spessart | Lower Franconia | |
| 81 | Rimpar | 10.6 | D 2 | Main triangle | Wurzburg | Lower Franconia | |
| 82 | Ergersheim | 9.4 | S 5 | Steigerwald | Neustadt an der Aisch- Bad Windsheim |
Middle Franconia | |
| 83 | Uettingen | 9.3 | V 3 | Main square | Wurzburg | Lower Franconia | |
| 84 | Gerbrunn | 8.9 | D 3 | Main triangle | Wurzburg | Lower Franconia | |
| 85 | Your village ( x ) | 8.5 | Wirmsthal | D 1 | Main triangle | Bad Kissingen | Lower Franconia |
| 86 | Dietersheim ( x ) | 8.4 | Dottenheim , Walddachsbach | S 5 | Steigerwald | Neustadt an der Aisch- Bad Windsheim |
Middle Franconia |
| 87 | Sparing | 8.2 | Mainberg | D 4 | Main triangle | Schweinfurt | Lower Franconia |
| 88 | Oberhaid ( x ) | 7.8 | Staffelbach , Unterhaid | S 1 | Steigerwald | Bamberg | Upper Franconia |
| 89 | Hösbach ( x ) | 7.6 | Rottenberg | V 1 | Main square | Aschaffenburg | Lower Franconia |
| 90 | Erlenbach am Main | 6.9 | V 2 | Main square | Miltenberg | Lower Franconia | |
| 91 | Kreuzwertheim | 5.8 | V 3 | Main square | Main-Spessart | Lower Franconia | |
| 92 | Mainbernheim | 5.6 | S 3 | Steigerwald | Kitzingen | Lower Franconia | |
| 93 | Kleinlangheim | 5.1 | S 3 | Steigerwald | Kitzingen | Lower Franconia | |
| 94 | Miltenberg | 4.9 | V 2 | Main square | Miltenberg | Lower Franconia | |
| 95 | Woerth am Main | 4.7 | V 2 | Main square | Miltenberg | Lower Franconia | |
| 96 | Swan field | 4.4 | D 4 | Main triangle | Schweinfurt | Lower Franconia | |
| 97 | Elfershausen | 4.3 | Engenthal , Machtilshausen , Trimberg | D 1 | Main triangle | Bad Kissingen | Lower Franconia |
| 98 | Rüdenhausen | 4.3 | S 3 | Steigerwald | Kitzingen | Lower Franconia | |
| 99 | Koenigsberg in Bavaria | 3.7 | Not found | S 1 | Steigerwald | Hatred Mountains | Lower Franconia |
| 100 | Schwarzach am Main (n) | 3.6 | Gerlachshausen , Schwarzenau | D 4 | Main triangle | Kitzingen | Lower Franconia |
| 101 | Schweinfurt | 3.5 | D 4 | Main triangle | - | Lower Franconia | |
| 102 | Remlingen | 3.3 | V 3 | Main square | Wurzburg | Lower Franconia | |
| 103 | Karsbach | 2.4 | Höllrich | D 2 | Main triangle | Main-Spessart | Lower Franconia |
| 104 | Martinsheim (M) | 2.3 | D 3 | Main triangle | Kitzingen | Lower Franconia | |
| 105 | Röllbach | 2.0 | V 2 | Main square | Miltenberg | Lower Franconia | |
| 106 | Fuchsstadt near Hammelburg | 1.9 | D 1 | Main triangle | Bad Kissingen | Lower Franconia | |
| 107 | Hassfurt ( x ) | 1.5 | Augsfeld , Prappach | S 1 | Steigerwald | Hatred Mountains | Lower Franconia |
| 108 | Mömlingen | 1.5 | V 2 | Main square | Miltenberg | Lower Franconia | |
| 109 | Marktsteft | 1.4 | D 3 | Main triangle | Kitzingen | Lower Franconia | |
| 110 | Sulzthal | 1.3 | D 1 | Main triangle | Bad Kissingen | Lower Franconia | |
| 111 | Rottendorf | 1.2 | D 3 | Main triangle | Wurzburg | Lower Franconia | |
| 112 | Aschaffenburg | 1.1 | Obernau | V 1 | Main square | - | Lower Franconia |
| 113 | Gemünden | 1.1 | Adelsberg | D 2 | Main triangle | Main-Spessart | Lower Franconia |
| 114 | Eltmann | 1.0 | S 1 | Steigerwald | Hatred Mountains | Lower Franconia | |
| 115 | Bamberg | 0.9 | S 1 | Steigerwald | - | Upper Franconia | |
| 116 | Margetshöchheim | 0.9 | D 2 | Main triangle | Wurzburg | Lower Franconia | |
| 117 | Rothenburg ob der Tauber | 0.9 | S 5 | Steigerwald | Ansbach | Middle Franconia | |
| 118 | Weilbach | 0.9 | ? | Main square | Miltenberg | Lower Franconia | |
| 119 | Hausen (near Aschaffenburg) | 0.8 | ? | Main square | Miltenberg | Lower Franconia | |
| 120 | Viereth-Trunstadt (n) | 0.7 | Viereth | S 1 | Steigerwald | Bamberg | Upper Franconia |
| 121 | Greussenheim | 0.6 | D 2 | Main triangle | Wurzburg | Lower Franconia | |
| 122 | Eichenbühl | 0.5 | D 2 | Main square | Miltenberg | Lower Franconia | |
| 123 | Neustadt an der Aisch | 0.5 | ? | Steigerwald | Neustadt an der Aisch- Bad Windsheim |
Middle Franconia | |
| 124 | Bergrheinfeld ( x ) | 0.3 | Garstadt | ? | Main triangle | Schweinfurt | Lower Franconia |
| 125 | Gädheim | 0.3 | ? | Main triangle | Hatred Mountains | Lower Franconia | |
| 126 | Aidhausen ( x ) | 0.1 | Nassach | ? | Steigerwald | Hatred Mountains | Lower Franconia |
| 127 | Bieberehren | 0.1 | ? | Wurzburg | Lower Franconia | ||
| 128 | Gochsheim | 0.1 | ? | Main triangle | Schweinfurt | Lower Franconia | |
| 129 | Lülsfeld | 0.1 | ? | Steigerwald | Schweinfurt | Lower Franconia | |
| 130 | Neubrunn ( x ) | 0.1 | Boettigheim | V 3 | Main square | Wurzburg | Lower Franconia |
| 131 | Obernburg | 0.1 | ? | Main square | Miltenberg | Lower Franconia | |
| Francs | 6,253.2 |
| character | meaning |
|---|---|
| (1) | Communities that were independent before the Bavarian regional reform . Smaller units (hamlets, castles, palaces, mills) are not listed |
| (2) | The names of the areas have been abbreviated, for an explanation see: New division |
| (G) | Largest wine town in Franconia in relation to the independent towns before the Bavarian regional reform |
| (n) | Newly introduced name for a large municipality as part of the Bavarian regional reform |
| x | No viticulture in the eponymous municipality, but only in incorporated districts (listed in the next but one column) |
| fat | No longer an independent municipality since the Bavarian regional reform, but only a district, with particular importance for viticulture |
| (F) | The postage mark Osing is a community-free area that belongs to the Herbolzheim district. The Herbolzheim district, without the Osing district, belongs to the large municipality of Markt Nordheim. The vineyards of the postage mark Osing were therefore assigned to the Nordheim market (see: Rank 67). |
| (M) | The municipality of Martinsheim (rank 104) is missing from the list of the State Institute for Viticulture and Horticulture, despite viticulture. The area indicated relates to the year 1993. |
| ? | Viticulture community was overlooked by the Bavarian State Institute for Viticulture and Horticulture when creating the new areas and was not assigned to any area |
See also
- List of wine locations in Franconia (sorted by major vineyards )
- Beer francs
literature
- Hans Ambrosi, Bernhard Breuer: German Vinothek: Franconia. Guide to the vineyards, winegrowers and their kitchens . Busse Seewald, Herford 2 1993, ISBN 3-512-03043-2
- Markus Frankl: Wine in Heraldry: Grapes, shot ladders and winemaker's knives on Franconian district, municipality, market and town coats of arms . In: Mainfränkisches Jahrbuch für Geschichte und Kunst 69 (= archive of the historical association for Lower Franconia and Aschaffenburg, vol. 140) . Würzburg 2017. pp. 161–191.
- Jens Priewe: Wine. The new big school. Zabert Sandmann, Munich 1997, ISBN 3-932023-02-1 .
- Andreas Otto Weber: History of Franconian viticulture. From the beginning to 1800 . Volk, Munich 2012, ISBN 978-3-86222-028-1 .
- René Goscinny, Albert Uderzo, Gunther Schunk: Asterix dialect Lower Franconian IV: Asterix un di Wengert-Scheer (Asterix and the vineyard scissors). Egmont publishing companies, Berlin 2011, ISBN 978-3770435142
- Gerhard Heimler, Wolfgang Schmieg: Wine hiking: Franconian wine country with Taubertal - 50 tours . Bergverlag Rother, Oberhaching 2018, ISBN 978-3763331673
- Franconian wine country: Würzburg, Schweinfurt, Kitzingen, Maindreieck - leisure and hiking map UK50-7, 1: 50,000 . State Office for Surveying Bavaria, Munich 2015, ISBN 978-3899335965
Web links
- Bavarian State Institute for Viticulture and Horticulture: Data on viticulture in Bavaria
- Wine encyclopedia: Franconia
- Video: Bavarian Surveying Administration / Virtual journey along the Main through the Franconian wine country from Schweinfurt to Würzburg (3:15)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f Bavarian State Institute for Viticulture and Horticulture. Retrieved May 24, 2018 .
- ↑ Main-Post Würzburg, Wine Calendar 2018.
- ↑ German Wine Institute : Statistics 2009/2010 . Mainz 2009 ( PDF ). PDF ( Memento of the original from July 26, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ a b c d Hermann Kolesch: Facts - Backgrounds ( Memento of the original from July 18, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 14.08 MB), LWG Bavaria.
- ↑ a b c Werner Dettelbacher: Franconia, art, history and landscape. DuMont Buchverlag, Cologne 1997, ISBN 3-7701-0746-2 , p. 384 ff.
- ↑ Konrad Goehl : How Gerhard Eis read Gottfried's wine book. In: Specialized prose research - Crossing borders. Volume 8/9, 2012/13 (2014), pp. 299–309, here: pp. 300–304.
- ^ A b André Dominé : Wine . Verlag Könemann, Cologne 2000, ISBN 3-8290-2765-6 , p. 506 f .
- ↑ a b c d e f g h Bavarian State Institute for Viticulture and Horticulture (LWG) Veitshöchheim: List of vineyards in the vineyards, planted vineyards as of July 31, 2017.
- ↑ a b Weingut Dahms: Schweinfurt and the wine. Retrieved July 21, 2015 .
- ↑ a b World on Sunday: New image for Franconian wine. Retrieved May 21, 2018 .
- ↑ a b FAZ.net: Underestimated drop of wine from the Main. Retrieved May 21, 2018 .
- ↑ Fighting late frost in vineyards. (PDF) Retrieved May 24, 2018 .
- ↑ Der Spiegel, online edition of July 6, 2015: Summer in Germany: Kitzingen sets a new heat record
- ^ TV Touring Schweinfurt, December 14, 2015.
- ↑ a b Willi Diehl, Brücke-Ohl winery, Groß-Umstadt
- ↑ a b c Die Welt.de: How German winegrowers benefit from climate change. Retrieved May 22, 2018 .
- ↑ Bayerischer Rundfunk: Small Franconian Wine Studies. Retrieved May 21, 2018 .
- ↑ a b c d e f Government of Lower Franconia: Vineyards in Bavaria broken down by area, as of January 26, 2017. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on July 28, 2018 ; accessed on May 1, 2019 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ a b c Market Seinersheim: History of viticulture. Retrieved May 25, 2018 .
- ^ SWR: Wine queens. Which growing area is ahead? Retrieved May 23, 2018 .
- ↑ BR: Franconian winegrowing association feels like a bogus. Retrieved May 23, 2018 .
- ^ Frankl, Markus: Wine in heraldry . P. 193 f.
- ^ Frankl, Markus: Wine in heraldry . P. 206.
- ^ Frankl, Markus: Wine in heraldry . P. 211.
- ↑ German Wine Institute awards "Highlights of Wine Culture". Five winners come from Franconia. (No longer available online.) Frankenwein-Frankenland regional wine advertising, archived from the original on December 11, 2013 ; Retrieved December 4, 2013 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ BR of April 16, 2013: Wine Culture Prize - vinotheques from Lower Franconia clear away. Archived from the original on April 20, 2013 ; Retrieved December 5, 2013 .
- ↑ Bürgerspital Weinstuben Würzburg / History. Retrieved May 24, 2018 .
- ↑ The Wine Book. Planet Medien AG, Zug, p. 35.
- ↑ a b Researched with the help of the BayernAtlas : Topographical map with marked wine-growing areas and aerial photo with recognizable wine-growing
- ^ Ambrosi, Hans (among others): German Vinothek: Franconia . P. 185.
