Escherndorf
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Escherndorf
City of Volkach
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| Height : | 48 m above sea level NHN |
| Area : | 1.81 km² |
| Residents : | 375 (1987) |
| Population density : | 207 inhabitants / km² |
| Incorporation : | January 1, 1972 |
| Postal code : | 97332 |
| Area code : | 09381 |
 Location of Escherndorf (bold) within the Volkach municipality
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Escherndorf is a district of the town of Volkach in the Bavarian district of Kitzingen in Lower Franconia. Until the voluntary merger with Volkach on January 1, 1972, Escherndorf was an independent municipality. Historically, the place had belonged to the Volkach Office, which was part of the Würzburg Monastery, since the 17th century . Unlike many other communities in the area, the village never changed rulers, but was always subordinate to the Prince-Bishop of Würzburg.
Escherndorf's location on the Volkacher Mainschleife also explains the viticulture around the village. The climatically favorable southern slopes, especially the vineyards on the Escherndorfer Lump , led to a concentration of viticulture. In the past, wine was the only source of income for the people of Escherndorf and thus the cause of great prosperity at times, but sometimes also of poverty in the community. Today, wine and cultural tourism is another important economic pillar of Escherndorf.
Geographical location
Geography and natural location
Escherndorf is located in the west of the Volkach municipality. To the north, separated by the Main, is the Volkach district of Elgersheim in the Fahr district . To the northeast rises the Vogelsburg and the Volkach district of the same name. In the west, the district merges into that of Astheim , which also belongs to Volkach. Nordheim am Main begins to the southeast , the Main separates the two districts. The south leads to the Volkach district of Köhler , in the west is Prosselsheim in the district of Würzburg .
Closest, larger cities are Kitzingen , about 14 kilometers away, and Schweinfurt , which is about 21 kilometers away. The next big city is Würzburg, 19 kilometers away .
Naturally, Escherndorf lies in the area of the Volkacher Mainschleife, which is counted as a sub-unit of the Middle Main Valley of the Mainfränkische Platten .
The village is located in the Maingau climate zone, which is one of the driest and warmest climate zones in Germany. This also explains the local viticulture. Escherndorf is located in the southern part of the Volkacher Mainschleife. There the Main does not follow the characteristic arch of the river's curvature, but turns south, so that there is a relatively wide area of land here. Around Escherndorf the so-called (estuary) rubble cone arose , which made it possible for people to settle.
Village structure
The Escherndorfer district covers an area of 1.8 km². It is limited on two sides by the Main. There are elevations between the two banks. Centrally located is the two-line Häckerstraßendorf that stretches along the Main. In the center of the village is the parish church above the central street crossing. Due to the narrow valley, this special type of settlement developed . The location of a so-called brickworks , which was still an independent district of Escherndorf in 1888, is unclear .
The valley opens towards the Main, where the local cemetery was created south of the church . A sports field has recently been built there. In the west of the village, right next to the built-up area, is the Mainaussicht inn as an Aussiedlerhof . To the north of the church, the Escherndorfer Berg rises with a viewing platform above the vineyards, to the west of the Fürstenberg. The Mainhang an der Vogelsburg nature reserve is located in the north of the district on the north side of the Escherndorfer Berg. The Alter Main protected area near Volkach can also be found southeast of Escherndorf.
history
Prehistory and Early History (until 1316)
Unlike many other communities on the Mainschleife, Escherndorf does not have a long history of settlement. Although the nearby Vogelsburg was already inhabited in the Paleolithic , no finds have been found for Escherndorf itself from this period. In the Bronze Age , around 1500 BC BC, the inhabitants built fortifications on the mountain, which were further strengthened in later centuries.
Not until 50 BC The place where Escherndorf is located today becomes archaeologically tangible. The graves of the Celts , who were probably sitting on the Vogelsburg at that time , were excavated . They were ousted by the invading Thuringians over the centuries . In the fifth century, the Thuringian tribes were succeeded by the Franks , who pushed forward to the Mainschleife and set up state-like administrative structures there for the first time. They also introduced Christianity.
In the immediate vicinity of Escherndorf, in Prosselsheim and on the Vogelsburg, two Franconian royal courts were built . Now the settlement of the present-day village was also pushed ahead. While the older literature assumes that the village was founded as a Hintersassensiedlung for the Hof auf der Vogelsburg, today it is increasingly accepted as a crossing point for the Prosselsheim royal court. At that time, the village was probably in the Nordheim district.
The franc also originally came in France -based wine after Escher village. The vines were first grown at the Vogelsburg in the 7th or 8th century. The later Escherndorfer location "Eulengrube" was first mentioned at the time of Emperor Ludwig the Pious , between 814 and 840. Although it can be assumed that Escherndorf already existed at that time, the village is not mentioned in the documents of the 10th, 11th, 12th and 13th centuries.
Hochstiftisches Dorf (until 1540)
Escherndorf was first mentioned on July 14, 1316. With a document, the Würzburg Monastery, Escherndorf was part of the Prosselsheim office, sold part of the annual interest of the "villa Escherichsdorf" (village of Escherichsdorf) to the noblewoman Eberhard Fuchs von Dornheim . The settlement was probably passed to the bishopric from the Counts of Castell in the course of the 13th century . The Cistercian monastery of Ebrach was also wealthy in the area.
In a document from the year 1340, Escherndorf appears in the general arbor of this monastery. On the vineyards that belonged to the monastery, the varieties "vinum frankonicum" and "vinum hunicum" grew. At the same time, in the course of the 14th century, the Benedictine abbey in nearby Münsterschwarzach established itself as the landlord on the Mainschleife. In addition to the rulership of the village in Nordheim, the Main was now the boundary of the district, they soon maintained a number of vineyards in Escherndorf.
Until 1422 the Beginenklause from Volkacher Kirchberg was also well off there. She received interest on the vineyard “an der steige” from Fritz Roth von Escherndorf. In 1443 the Astheim Charterhouse acquired some vineyards in the mountains around the town from Abbot Nikolaus von Münsterschwarzach. The Ebrach monastery was still represented in the village in 1434 and 1471 : Hans von Eger, fiefdom of the abbey, lived in Escherndorf.
The fragmentation of the claims on the village dragged on until the 16th century, although the rulership of the village was at all times with the prince-bishop in Würzburg . In 1534, however, the Brandenburg rulership in Escherndorf was also wealthy and in 1563 the Ebrach monastery comprised eleven subjects. It was not until 1540 that the village became "entirely Würzburg" and 58 house heads had to swear allegiance to the bishop .
During the religious wars (until 1648)
A small church was built in Escherndorf as early as 1520, which became part of the Prosselsheim parish as a branch . During this time, the wooden sculpture of the patron saint and saint Urban , which is now exhibited in the Museum für Franken , was created in the village . In 1576 a visit report by the Dettelbach rural chapter mentioned the disobedience of the population. The residents attended the evangelical church service in Obereisenheim on Sunday , and even the mayor joined them.
This circumstance brought the Würzburg bishop Julius Echter von Mespelbrunn at the end of the century to force the Counter-Reformation in his domain. Between 1596 and 1604 Escherndorf was raised to an independent, Catholic parish , a new church order was issued and the church was rebuilt. The bishop thereby consolidated the old faith in the village and Escherndorf had become Catholic again at the beginning of the 17th century.
Even before the outbreak of the Thirty Years War , the climatic conditions on the Mainschleife had deteriorated dramatically. The Little Ice Age led to a great decline in viticulture. The Escherndorf court therefore introduced severe penalties for grape theft in the 17th century. The stealing of a “hat full of trust” resulted in a heavy fine or even a tower penalty.
In 1631 the Protestant Swedes conquered Würzburg and soon came to Escherndorf. On October 13, the quartermaster Claus Zobel reached the place and told the Escher villages one carried out the next day billeting . When the Swedish soldiers arrived on October 14, a man was shot and the remaining residents were chased across the Main to nearby Nordheim. You could only return if you paid a Salva Guardia (cover letter).
In November 1633, the new rulers appointed the Kitzingen pastor Nikolaus Polichius, who held Protestant services in the parish church. The Escherndorf winegrowers were also supposed to supply the Swedes with several horses, which, however, could not be found because the village lived exclusively from viticulture. Shortly before the Swedes were expelled in 1634, so-called recruit money was extracted from the villagers.
The Swedish soldiers and the Imperial armies that followed them also began to recruit the residents as soldiers. In 1634 Jakob Stang from Escherndorf died of a gunshot wound in the Nuremberg area . The plague also reached its climax during these times of war . Between 1630 and 1637, 255 people from Escherndorf died of the disease. A year later, in 1638, the pastor's maid was accused of witchcraft and banned from the "village of Eschersdorff", ie banished.
Viticulture flourished (until 1803)
After the end of the war in 1648 a difficult era came to an end for Escherndorf as well. However, the effects of the Little Ice Age could still be felt in 1684, when “ Kißel wedder” caused great damage to the vineyards. At the same time, the penalties for selling earth were tightened. The steep slopes constantly lost substance when it rained and had to be refilled.
The administration of Escherndorf was changed in 1698. The Hochstiftisches Amt Prosselsheim was previously responsible for the community, but the Häckerdorf has now come to the Amt Volkach . In the 18th century, the climatic conditions in the region slowly stabilized again and a blooming phase began for Escherndorf. Viticulture flourished and brought great prosperity to the wine-growing town over the course of the century .
For the grape harvest , many day laborers traveled from the near and far to Escherndorf to work in the vineyards. In 1796, Johann Kaspar Bundschuh described the village of Escherndorf in his encyclopedia and gave the wines grown there the title “excellent”. A year later, in 1797, the cattle epidemic broke out and further decimated the few animals that were kept exclusively for manure preparation.
In Bavaria (until today)
After the secularization of the ecclesiastical principalities initiated by Napoleon, the Principality of Würzburg was dissolved in 1803 and Escherndorf became part of the now larger Electoral Palatinate Bavaria. There was an interim period from 1806 to 1814, when the Grand Duchy of Würzburg existed, of which Escherndorf was a part. With the Congress of Vienna, the Main Franconian region came to Bavaria , which had now become a kingdom, and the village finally became a Bavarian rural community .
At the beginning of the 19th century, tourism established itself for the first time on the Mainschleife. The Vogelsburg, part of the Escherndorf district since 1803, became the meeting point for guests arriving from Schweinfurt , Würzburg and Nuremberg. On June 4, 1848, the Escherndorfer Häcker were freed from the real burdens of feudal society and from then on managed their vineyards as private winemakers. The wine has meanwhile been exported to Leipzig and Berlin .
The crisis in viticulture, which was triggered in the middle of the 19th century by the appearance of phylloxera , passed Escherndorf almost without a trace. The winemakers were dependent on the relief of the vineyards laid out on the steep slopes, the landscape did not allow any other form of agriculture. Thanks to their specialist knowledge, they were able to prevent worse things from happening, and the wine continued to thrive in the steep top locations of the Escherndorf mountains. The parish squares on the Main were planted with fruit trees and complemented the products of the village.
In the meantime, the Bavarian government was planning to implement an extreme change: The tight windings of the Main loop had become a problem for shipping and therefore plans were made to undermine the mountains. A ship tunnel through the Escherndorfer Berg should promote traffic. Ultimately, this idea was not implemented. In 1909 Escherndorf was given its own stopping point on the new Main Loop Railway, which further encouraged excursion traffic.
The winegrowers' cooperative was founded in Escherndorf in 1912, and in 1934 it was given its own cooperative property, the Gasthof zur Krone. A year later, in 1913, the place received electric light for the first time, accompanied by protests by the population. A total of 21 people from Escherndorf died in the First World War . Those returning home were welcomed with a return festival on January 8, 1919.
During the Second World War , Escherndorf was spared air raids and was therefore occupied with many evacuees from Würzburg and the Rhineland. In the last days of the war an American infantry regiment advanced from Prosselsheim to Escherndorf. The village was surrendered without a fight. Their advance was briefly halted when the Volkacher Bridge was blown up and the Americans moved into a total of 20 private houses. A few days later the regiment moved on to Nordheim. 19 people from Escherndorf fell on the battlefields in Europe.
After the war, tourism had become the most important source of income for the people of Escherndorf. With the establishment of the Volkach-Gerlachshausen Main Canal, shipping no longer played a role on the newly created “Altmain”. In 1971 the Escherndorf winegrowers 'association joined the Franconian winegrowers' association in Repperndorf . On January 1, 1972, the municipality lost its independence when it was incorporated into the city of Volkach.
Place name
The origin of the name Escherndorf was not clear for a long time. The name probably goes back to the Volkach family of Escherich, who served the Counts of Castell in the 14th century . The Volkach mayor Fritz Escherich fled the city in 1436 and eventually settled in Escherndorf. How the village below the Vogelsburg was called in the centuries before is not known. The settlement itself is much older.
The ending -dorf refers to an expansion under the Frankish Carolingians , who opened up the area on the Mainschleife in the 8th and 9th centuries. The name has undergone several changes over the centuries. The village was called " villa Escherichsdorf" in 1316 and "eschersdorff" in 1422. In 1498 "Escherichsdorf" was mentioned, while in 1638 "Dorff Eschersdorff" appeared in the sources.
Administration and courts
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The following administrative units were superordinate to the municipality of Escherndorf.
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Escherndorf was judicially subject to the following instances.
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coat of arms
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Blazon : “Divided; St. John the Baptist growing up in bluewith a golden halo , in his right hand a brown cross with a golden ribbon, in the left a golden, right- facing lamb on a book; below in silver two medallions, on the right in red three silver tips, on the left in brown a golden cross. " |
| Reasons for the coat of arms: The coat of arms refers to the history of the village. St. John is the church patron of the village, his attributes characterize the saint. As the patron saint of the winemakers, he was responsible for the root formation of the vines. The medallion with the coat of arms of the duchy of Würzburg, the Franconian rake , refers to the historical affiliation of the place. |
politics
From mayor to local spokesman
In 1647 the term "appeared for the first time Escherndorf mayor , mayor, judicial and entire community to Escherndorf" link. At that time, the villagers elected a lord mayor and a sub-mayor. The mayor was part of the village court , but had no other powers, but merely represented the community in relation to the instructions of the authorities , i.e. the mayor of the Prince-Bishop of Würzburg.
| List of mayors of Escherndorf (selection) | |||||||
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| Surname | Mentioned | Remarks | |||||
| Johann Kaspar Borst | around 1849 | also a member of the Bavarian state parliament | |||||
| Josef Fröhlich | 1881 – after 1896 | Alderman Adam Schraut | |||||
| Hermann Schliemann | 1912 – after 1930 | Economics council, from 1900 local councilor, second mayor Alfred Sauer | |||||
| Alfred Sauer | 1933-1945 | First term of office, appointed by the National Socialists | |||||
| Julius Roemelt | 1945 – after 1947 | Winegrower, Second Mayor Heinrich Flammersberger | |||||
| Alfred Sauer | before 1955 – after 1959 | Second term of office, Second Mayor Alfred Schliemann | |||||
| Severin Borst | -1972 | Second Mayor Adolf Sauer | |||||
On January 1, 1972, Escherndorf was incorporated into the city of Volkach together with Astheim. The local law remained in force until December 31, 1972. The two mayors Severin Borst and Adolf Sauer became councilors in the Volkach city council . The last local councilors Hubert Schlier, Arthur Blendel, Alfons Römmelt, Gebhard Sauer and Manfred Fröhlich lost their offices.
Negotiations preceded the incorporation. The Escherndorfer Kindergarten should continue to exist even after the end of self-employment, as well as the expansion of the local sewerage system , street lighting and the connecting road to Astheim. The local call system remained in place and Escherndorf received a new advertising brochure. In 2012 the old town hall in Escherndorf was demolished. Today Herbert Römmelt represents Escherndorf in the Volkach city council.
Population development
The population of Escherndorf was first recorded in 1796. However, it can be assumed that a similar number of people lived in the village during the Middle Ages . During the 19th century the number continued to grow and at times exceeded 400 people. The 20th century brought a slight decrease in population before the all-time high of 569 inhabitants occurred in 1950 due to the large influx of refugees after the Second World War. After the incorporation into Volkach, the population decreased again.
| year | Residents | year | Residents | year | Residents |
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| 1796 | 365 | 1888 | 416 | 1950 | 569 |
| 1852 | 412 | 1904 | 392 | 1961 | 455 |
| 1867 | 396 | 1925 | 393 | 1972 | 429 |
| 1875 | 416 | 1939 | 387 | 1987 | 375 |
Culture and sights
Architectural monuments
Ensemble town center Escherndorf
The wine-growing village extends along the main street parallel to the Main . At the intersection of the access roads to the ferry and the road to Volkach in the middle of the village is the parish church. Most of the houses in the wineries are on the gable side. They date from the 19th century or have been renovated, some buildings date back to the 17th and 18th centuries.
Johanneskirche and crucifixion group
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The church forms the center of the village. In the 16th century, Escherndorf was raised to an independent parish and was no longer a branch of the Bartholomäuskirche in Prosselsheim. A small church had previously stood in the same place. At the beginning of the 17th century, the still existing building was erected with a typical Julius Echter tower . In the 18th century, in 1775, the parish extended the nave of the church in the Baroque style.
The altars were removed during some renovations in the 20th century. Therefore, there are only a few pieces of equipment inside. The oldest elements are the baptismal font , a processional crucifix and the epitaph of the first Escherndorf pastor from the 17th century. In addition, the organ brochure from 1776 from the workshop of the Schweinfurt organ builder Johann Michael Voit has been preserved.
The crucifixion group near the parish church is also part of the furnishings of the church. Parts of this group of figures come from the former cemetery that was originally at the church. The assistant figures came from the workshop of Lukas Anton van der Auwera to Escherndorf in the 18th century . In the course of the village renewal, the crucifixion group was moved in front of the church at the beginning of the 21st century, before it was on the north side of the building.
Lourdes Chapel
The Lourdes Chapel on the northern edge of the village dates back to the late 19th century. Jakob Neubauer from Escherndorf returned from a pilgrimage in France and planned to make the new chapel an attraction for many pilgrims. The chapel was built in 1892 against the resistance of the local pastor. In the 20th century it was converted into a wedding chapel and the building was heavily redesigned.
The Lourdes Chapel presents itself as a small hall with a gable roof and a roof turret . The actual Lourdes grotto , which gave the church its name, is located below the chapel in the southwest of the complex. The representation of the Madonna of Lourdes stands in a small rock niche, underneath, in a larger cave, is a sculpture of Christ carrying the cross from the 18th century.
Private houses and yards
In addition to the two sacred buildings, there are several listed buildings in Escherndorf. The rectory on Pfarrgasse in the south of the village, which dates from 1659, is considered the oldest . It is a two-storey hipped roof building with a plastered half-timbered upper floor. A gabled house in Astheimer Straße dates from the 17th or 18th century and is decorated with a mount of olives from the 18th century. → see also: rectory (Escherndorf)
At the same time, probably in the second half of the 17th century, the half-timbered house was also built in its immediate vicinity. It is a two-storey, gable roof structure. A house on the outskirts, on the street An der Steige, dates back to around 1700. It was built with half-timbering and ends with a gable roof . The house marks the original boundary of the development of Escherndorf.
Four houses on Astheimer Strasse and Pfarrgasse, which were built in the course of the 18th century, show external similarities. They were built with so-called corner pilasters and, with their partially drilled window frames, indicate the growing prosperity in the community. The house at Astheimer Straße 6 is also decorated with two house figures, an Immaculata and a Saint John . The neighboring building has only one figure.
The Gasthaus zur Krone, which was built in the 18th century, is located on the central village square . The single-storey half-hipped roof building with attic was subject to some changes in the centuries that followed. In 1934 the inn was converted into the first Bavarian inn run by a wine cooperative. In 2011 the building underwent a comprehensive renovation and is still used today for catering.
Younger is the residential building at Astheimer Straße 21. It is a two-story hipped roof building that was built around 1800. The wall paintings between the floors are characteristic. They show saints and were made around 1900. In Bocksbeutelstrasse there is a two-storey quarry stone house , a hipped roof building with stone integrations for decoration.
Wayside shrines and small memorials
The fountain tower with a tent roof in Astheimer Straße was built in the late Middle Ages and the crucifixion shrine in the same street in 1653. In his essay he shows the crucifixion of Christ , on the narrow sides he bears the figures of John the Baptist (left) and the dragon slayer George (right). He was moved to a house wall in 2014.
Another wayside shrine from the 17th century with the crucifixion stands in the vineyards around the village. It was erected on Fürstenberg in 1677 and renewed in 1871. From another wayside shrine with the crucifixion, only the top on a house wall in Astheimer Strasse has survived. In 1960 the torture was complete. Their rich flower ornamentation is typical of the late 17th century.
A wayside shrine with the Pietà in the top is from 1750 on the western outskirts of Bocksbeutelstrasse . It was renewed in 1977. The village fountain on the central square dates to the middle of the 18th century . Its basin has a sweeping parapet with space to place vessels. The decoration of the column with a mask and an ornamented shield is typical of the Rococo period.
Below the Vogelsburg a crucifixion shrine from 1761 has been preserved, another in the vineyards on the Escherndorfer Steige is of unknown date. House figures in Astheimer Strasse and Bocksbeutelstrasse reveal the Immaculata, the Queen of Heaven. They originated in the 18th century and indicate the prosperity of this time.
Below the Vogelsburg, opposite the Gasthof zur Mainaussicht, there is a so-called cross tug. The figure was created in the 18th century. Saint Veronica is depicted next to Christ under the cross, enthroned on two pillars . A relief plaque from 1814 was not qualified by the Office for the Preservation of Monuments. Some house figures from the mid-19th century and a vineyard relief of the Madonna point to the popular piety of later times.
The crucifixion group in front of the church
The Lourdes Chapel on the outskirts
The rectory in the south of the village
The baroque house at Astheimer Straße 6
The Gasthaus zur Krone
The wayside shrine from 1653
The sandstone relief of the crucifixion
Vogelsburg Abbey
Although the Vogelsburg is a separate district of Volkach, the former monastery complex is located in the Escherndorf district. The monastery is one of the starting points for tourists visiting Escherndorf and is connected to the village by a steep staircase. The site was one of the first populated areas in the area in the past.
In 1282 the noble Hermann I zu Castell founded a Carmelite monastery , the Gottesberg (Latin Mons Dei ), on the area of the former castle . The monks who settled the mountain did not receive many goods from their donor and had to compete with the other landlords on the Mainschleife in the period that followed. After the Vogelsburg monastery was plundered by farmers in the area in 1525, monastic life on the mountain died out until 1545.
In the 19th century the monastery buildings came into private hands. After excursion tourism had increased further in the course of the century, the facility was converted into an excursion restaurant with a restaurant, and there was also a brief stop on the Main Loop Railway. After extensive renovation at the beginning of the 21st century, the Juliusspital Würzburg Foundation received the monastery complex.
Main loop railway
With the Escherndorf stopping point, Escherndorf has a stop on the Mainschleifenbahn outside the built-up area on the edge of the district. The Bavarian branch line was built at the beginning of the 20th century, between 1907 and 1909. It was opened on February 14th. At that time the train still crossed the Volkach Main Bridge and ended at the train station in Volkach.
After a last freight train passed the route in 1991, it was shut down. An interest group ensured that the Mainschleifenbahn was reopened for excursions and special traffic in 2003. Since then, the train has been running between Astheim and Seligenstadt near Würzburg on weekends and public holidays . At the Escherndorf stop, information is provided about the Mainhang an der Vogelsburg nature reserve.
The railroad uses a rail bus train as the vehicle , which consists of a railcar and a control car with a bicycle compartment. The entire length of the line is single-track and not electrified. There are 16 level crossings on the same track, four of which are technically secured. Further stops on the Mainschleifenbahn are Seligenstadt, Prosselsheim , Eisenheim and Astheim.
Regular events
The parish of Escherndorf is one of the first to organize a pilgrimage to Maria im Sand . The faithful have been moving to Dettelbach via Köhler and Neuses am Berg since 1506 . After a few changes in the date, the pilgrimage will take place today on the first Sunday in May. In the 19th century it always took place on August 30th. The pilgrimage with the Pietà was created in 1997 and designed by Martin Friedrich. The people from the nearby Köhler take part in the pilgrimage.
Other regular events shape the course of the year in Escherndorf. Many of these festivals go back to older winemaker traditions . After the Second World War, some of the customs were revived to attract more tourists to Escherndorf. From 1953, the celebration of bringing in the last load during the grape harvest revived; a few years earlier the church bells had rung at the beginning of the harvest .
Today, Escherndorf is trying to upgrade the Main Loop region for tourism. The so-called Lump Wine Festival takes place on the first weekend in August . In contrast to many other such festivals, the benches are right in the vineyard, and the Lump Youth has been organizing the festival since 1975. The Escherndorfer Weinherbst is newer. A wine festival is celebrated in a hall every two weekends in September , October and November .
Economy and Infrastructure
economy
| VDP wineries in Escherndorf |
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| Egon Schäffer winery |
| Horst Sauer winery |
| Michael Fröhlich winery |
| Rainer Sauer winery |
The village of Escherndorf has lived exclusively from viticulture since the early Middle Ages and is still considered a pure winemaking village to this day. In the year 1056 a so-called wine of the century has already been handed down in Escherndorf. Over the centuries, the population specialized in cultivating the steep slopes around the village. For example, the daughters had to climb the mountains with dung butts in order to redistribute the soil that had been removed by the rain around the vines .
In 1687, Escherndorf had a total of about 60 vineyards , which were arranged around the place. These included the so-called “good” locations Lump, Hengstberg, Eulengrube, Bergsteige and Medeberch, as well as other locations that produced less good wines. After a comprehensive clean-up of the vineyards in 1914, the major sites Lump, Fürstenberg, Berg, Kirchberg, Eulengrube and Hengstberg were created. In 1970, the locations were reduced to the Escherndorfer Lump , the Escherndorfer Berg and the Escherndorfer Fürstenberg.
Wine and cultural tourism has been established on the Mainschleife since the 19th century . The wine culture, in connection with the typical topography and the preserved cultural assets, was increasingly being marketed to non-residents. Today there are regular vineyard tours with tasting in Escherndorf. A grape variety educational trail was created for this. Many wineries in town also offer holiday apartments . There is a campsite on the banks of the Main, and several inns are located in the village itself.
Another economic factor in Escherndorf are the wineries themselves. There are over 15 wineries in the small town. Four of them belong to the Association of German Predicate and Quality Wineries . Escherndorf is part of the Raiffeisenbank Volkacher Mainschleife - Wiesentheid . The cooperative bank has a branch in town, which is equipped with an ATM.
| Vineyard | Size 1851 | Size 1993 | Compass direction | Slope | Main grape varieties | Great location |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| mountain | unknown | 32.0 ha | south | 30% | Müller-Thurgau | Volkacher Kirchberg |
| Furstenberg | unknown | 85.0 ha | East, southeast | 30-50% | Müller-Thurgau, Silvaner | Volkacher Kirchberg |
| Rascal | 0.6 ha | 45.0 ha | south | 40-60% | Silvaner, Müller-Thurgau, Riesling | Volkacher Kirchberg |
traffic
Escherndorf was an important traffic junction on the Main loop from the 8th century. Here a Main ford led over in the direction of Nordheim am Main. It mediated between the domains of the bishop of Würzburg and that of the Würzburg monastery of Münsterschwarzach. The Main ferry in Nordheim was first mentioned in 1473. The ferry was subordinate to the abbot of Münsterschwarzach , which is why the people of Escherndorf had to pay for the crossing.
With the construction of the Main Canal between Volkach and Gerlachshausen in the 1950s, Escherndorf was cut off from regular shipping on the Main and since then has only been located on the so-called "Altmain", which is only open to small ships. The ferry remained and is still an important transport link in the northern district of Kitzingen, although it is increasingly being used as a tourist attraction.
Today the Mainschleifenbahn is also operated as a branch line for day trippers; it runs on weekends between Astheim and Seligenstadt near Würzburg . It was set up in 1909 for economic reasons: the winegrowers of the Mainschleife opened up new sales markets via the rail link . Escherndorf received its own breakpoint, which, however, was outside the village on the ridge of the Escherndorf mountain.
The state road St 2260 runs on the Escherndorf district ; it too only touches the Escherndorf mountain on the edge of the village. From there branches off the district road KT 30, which runs from north to south through the town in the direction of the Main ferry . In the middle of the village, the road crosses the district road KT 31, which runs from Köhler in the west to Astheim in the east. In the village, district road 31 is called Bocksbeutelstrasse or Astheimer Strasse. District road 30 is called An der Steige or An der Güß.
There is a bus stop in the center of the village , and the Mainaussicht inn is served outside the village. Line 8105 (Volkach- Kürnach- Würzburg) of the Mainfranken transport association goes to the village, as does line 8163 (Würzburg-Volkach- Ebrach ). During the wine festival season between May and October, the so-called Mainschleifenshuttle also runs between the communities around Volkach and also goes to Escherndorf.
education
A school in Escherndorf was first recorded in the 17th century. In the course of efforts to bring the village back to the Catholic faith, Prince Bishop Julius Echter von Mespelbrunn had a school built here. During the Swedish occupation in the Thirty Years War, the Protestant schoolmaster Nikolaus Pfeffinger was installed. He was also the parish clerk , had to ring the bells when there was a fire and put the church clock on regularly.
| List of teachers (selection) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Surname | Mentioned | ||||||
| Michael Schüppert | before 1896 | ||||||
| Gebhard Anton Brugger | 1901-1927 | ||||||
| Richard Brugger | from 1927 | ||||||
| Josef Willmann | before 1947 | ||||||
| Richard Schiffer | before 1959 | ||||||
In the 19th century, as the number of pupils increased, the community built a new school and town hall in front of the Johanneskirche, and the Renaissance building in Echter was torn down . Since 1930 the children from Köhler also attended the Escherndorf school. Presumably in 1969 the Escherndorf pupils were assigned to the Volkach school district and henceforth also taught in the city. After the dissolution of the community itself, the schoolhouse stood empty and was demolished in 2012 to expand the village square. The village kindergarten was closed in the 21st century. It had existed since 1920 in house number 40, in today's Astheimer Strasse.
Basic education is provided by the Volkach elementary school, in whose district Escherndorf has been located since 1969. Elementary and middle schools in nearby Volkach were combined under this name. Schoolchildren can complete the qualifying secondary school leaving certificate and, via the so-called M-branch , the secondary school leaving certificate. Extracurricular education is provided by the Volkach Adult Education Center.
The higher education also takes place in Volkach. A girls' secondary school is located here. In addition, in the Volkach district of Gaibach, there is the Franken-Landschulheim Schloss Gaibach, a grammar school with secondary school and boarding school. The Steigerwald-Landschulheim in Wiesentheid is also close to Escherndorf. In addition, the pupils can visit the private monastery high school in Münsterschwarzach.
Associations and associations
Despite its relatively small size, Escherndorf has a large number of clubs . The oldest of these associations is the Escherndorf volunteer fire brigade , which is now also organized in a fire brigade association. The fire brigade was founded in 1873. Today it is part of the Kitzingen District Fire Brigade Association. The Escherndorfer fire brigade maintains a fire fighting vehicle (LF 8 without THL) in the An der Güß fire station . The current commander is Michael Neubert.
Furthermore, the DJK Escherndorf exists as a registered association in the village . The sports club maintains a small sports field on the Main. The elderly of the village organize themselves in a senior citizens' group. All other associations came into being because of viticulture in the village. The Escherndorfer Weinherbst e. V. organizes the autumn wine festival, the Lumpjugend has been responsible for the summer equivalent since 1975. There is also the Escherndorf / Köhler wine and tourism association .
Personalities
The oldest surviving personalities come from the Escherich family, from whose name the place name Escherndorf probably goes back. A Fritz Escherich (gen. 1402–1436) is attested in the 15th century in Volkach . He was mayor for Count Wilhelm II zu Castell and fled the city in 1436. The children of Fritz, Endres, Jörg, Kaspar and Barbara Escherich have only been handed down by name. The daughter Barbara was married to the Volkacher Hans Siglin.
The Catholic pastors of St. John's Church were particularly significant for the local history . The first of these people was Martin Kluber († 1604), whose epitaph has been preserved in the parish church. Pastor Andreas Friedrich (* in Röttingen ) published several essays about Escherndorf in the 18th century and staged his community as Franconia's most important wine-growing location. Friedrich came to Escherndorf in 1795, his life data have not been passed down. Johann Kaspar Borst (* 1812; † ????) was a member of the state parliament from Escherndorf.
After the Second World War, the coronation of the Franconian Wine Queen , who was to represent the wine for a year , established itself in the wine-growing region . The representatives of the wine came frequently from Escherndorf. In 1968 Christina "Christl" Sauer became Franconian Wine Queen, in 1977 Monika Lindner received the title. With Sandra Sauer , the title went to Escherndorf again in 1999. In 2005 Eva Steindorf was the Franconian Wine Queen.
literature
Literature about Escherndorf
- Werner Drenkrad, Erich Schneider: Vogelsburg, Escherndorf, Koehler (= Schnell Art Guide No. 1357) . Munich, Zurich 1982.
- Gerhard Egert: The Escherndorfer Lump . In: Ute Feuerbach (Ed.): Our Main Loop. 1993-2007 . Volkach 2008. pp. 10-16.
- Gerhard Egert: The wine-growing communities Escherndorf and Köhler at the beginning of the 19th century . In: Ute Feuerbach (Ed.): Volkach. 906-2006 . Volkach 2006. pp. 306-312.
- Gerhard Egert: Escherndorf . In: Jesko Graf zu Dohna (ed.): Kulturpfad. In the footsteps of the Counts of Castell . Castell 2004. pp. 104-105.
- Gerhard Egert: Escherndorf and Köhler . In: Ute Feuerbach (Ed.): Our Main Loop. 1978-1992 . Volkach 2008. pp. 124-133.
- Ute Feuerbach: The school and town hall in Escherndorf . In: Ute Feuerbach (Ed.): Our Main Loop. 2008-2017 . Volkach 2018. pp. 182–186.
- Günther Hennecke: Happy childhood in the middle of a war . In: Ute Feuerbach (Ed.): Our Main Loop. 2008-2017 . Volkach 2018. pp. 206–208.
- Ado Kraemer: Escherndorf and its wines . Wuerzburg 1964.
- Herbert Meyer: Tower button certificates in Escherndorf . In: Ute Feuerbach (Ed.): Our Main Loop. 2008-2017 . Volkach 2018. pp. 166–174.
- Hildegard Vollmer: Vineyard clearing in the Franconian wine-growing region Escherndorf-Köhler. Allow . Würzburg 1971.
- Theodor Wild: Escherndorfer Lourdes Chapel: July 1st, 2002 . Volkach 2 2002.
Other literature used
- Hans Bauer: District of Kitzingen. An art and culture guide . Market wide 1993.
- Christine Demel: 1250 years of Prosselsheim with Seligenstadt and Püssensheim . Prosselsheim 1992.
- Gerhard Egert: From the history of tourism in Volkach . In: Ute Feuerbach (Ed.): Our Main Loop. 1993-2007 . Volkach 2008. pp. 25-36
- Gerhard Egert: The honorary citizens of the city of Volkach . In: Ute Feuerbach (Ed.): Our Main Loop. 1993-2007 . Volkach 2008. pp. 52-58
- Gerhard Egert: The place names as a historical settlement source. Situation structure and interpretation . In: Ute Feuerbach (Ed.): Volkach. 906-2006 . Volkach 2006. pp. 11-16
- Gerhard Egert: The political spatial planning in the area of the Volkacher Mainschleife around 1814 . In: Ute Feuerbach (Ed.): Our Main Loop. 1978-1992 . Volkach 2008. pp. 267-270
- Gerhard Egert: The Swedes in Volkach, 1631–1634 . In: Ute Feuerbach (Ed.): Our Main Loop. 1978-1992 . Volkach 2008. pp. 216-228
- Gerhard Egert: Wine festivals and wine culture on the Mainschleife . In: Ute Feuerbach (Ed.): Our Main Loop. 1993-2007 . Volkach 2008. pp. 146–156
- Ute Feuerbach, Christa Volk: Volkach and its districts . Erfurt 2011
- Stefan Meusert: The ferry system in Nordheim . In: Ute Feuerbach (Ed.): Our Main Loop. 1993-2007 . Volkach 2008. pp. 126-134
- Franz Pfrang: The history of viticulture on the Main loop . In: Ute Feuerbach (Ed.): Our Main Loop. 1978-1992 . Volkach 2008. pp. 23-28
- Peter Rückert: Land expansion and desertification of the high and late Middle Ages in the Franconian Gäuland. Diss . Wuerzburg 1990
- Anke Ruppert, Karl Heinrich Brückner: Pilgrimage to Dettelbach today - an inventory . In: Karl Heinrich Brückner, Peter Ruderich, Anke Ruppert, Reinhard Worschech: Maria help, it's time. From the story of the pilgrimage to “Maria im Sand” Dettelbach . Dettelbach 2005. pp. 31-167
- Erika Stadler: Winegrowing traditions on the Mainschleife - then and now . In: Ute Feuerbach (Ed.): Our Main Loop. 1978-1992 . Volkach 2008. pp. 134-145
- Karl Treutwein : From Abtswind to Zeilitzheim. History, sights, traditions . Volkach 4 1987
- Hugo Walter: The breakthrough Volkach - Gerlachshausen . In: Ute Feuerbach (Ed.): Our Main Loop. 1993-2007 . Volkach 2008. pp. 231-244
Web links
- Homepage: Escherndorf
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Bavarian State Office for Statistics and Data Processing (Ed.): Official local directory for Bavaria, territorial status: May 25, 1987 . Issue 450 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich November 1991, DNB 94240937X , p. 366 ( digitized version ).
- ↑ Geography Giersbeck: Map 152 Würzburg , PDF file, accessed on January 8, 2019.
- ^ Egert, Gerhard: Escherndorf and Koehler . P. 124
- ↑ See: Schneider, Erich (among others): Vogelsburg, Escherndorf, Köhler . S. 8. or Egert, Gerhard: Escherndorf and Köhler . P. 125
- ^ Rückert, Peter: Land expansion and desertification of the high and late Middle Ages . P. 77
- ^ Egert, Gerhard: Escherndorf and Koehler . P. 124 f.
- ^ Schneider, Erich (inter alia): Vogelsburg, Escherndorf, Köhler . P. 8
- ^ Egert, Gerhard: Escherndorf and Koehler . P. 127
- ^ Egert, Gerhard: Escherndorf and Koehler . P. 129
- ^ Demel, Christine: 1250 years Prosselsheim with Seligenstadt and Püssensheim . P. 134.
- ↑ Egert, Gerhard: The Swedes in Volkach . P. 223
- ↑ Egert, Gerhard: The Swedes in Volkach . P. 228
- ↑ Egert, Gerhard: The wine-growing communities Escherndorf and Köhler in the 19th century . P. 307
- ↑ Egert, Gerhard: The wine-growing communities Escherndorf and Köhler in the 19th century . P. 309
- ^ Walter, Hugo: The cut Volkach - Gerlachshausen . P. 232
- ^ Meyer, Herbert: Tower button certificates in Escherndorf . P. 169.
- ^ Hennecke, Günther: Happy childhood in the middle of war . P. 206.
- ^ Treutwein, Karl: From Abtswind to Zeilitzheim . P. 69 f.
- ^ Meyer, Herbert: Tower button certificates in Escherndorf . P. 172.
- ↑ Feuerbach, Ute (and others): Volkach and its districts . P. 81
- ^ Egert, Gerhard: The place names as a historical settlement source . P. 14
- ↑ See: Egert, Gerhard: Escherndorf and Köhler . Pp. 125, 128
- ^ Volkach town hall.
- ↑ See: Meyer, Herbert: Tower button certificates in Escherndorf .
- ↑ oA: The Gerolzhofen district from 1952-1955 . Gerolzhofen 1955
- ↑ Feuerbach, Ute (and others): Volkach and its districts . P. 81
- ↑ Feuerbach, Ute (and others): Volkach and its districts . P. 82
- ^ Egert, Gerhard: Escherndorf and Koehler . P. 131
- ↑ K. Bayer. Statistical Bureau (Ed.): Localities directory of the Kingdom of Bavaria. According to government districts, administrative districts, ... then with an alphabetical register of locations, including the property and the responsible administrative district for each location. LIV. Issue of the contributions to the statistics of the Kingdom of Bavaria. Munich 1888, Section III, Sp. 1235 ( digitized version ).
- ↑ Bavarian State Statistical Office (ed.): Official place directory for Bavaria - edited on the basis of the census of September 13, 1950 . Issue 169 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich 1952, DNB 453660975 , Section II, Sp. 1183 ( digitized version ).
- ^ Egert, Gerhard: Escherndorf and Koehler . P. 131
- ↑ K. Bayer. Statistical Bureau (Ed.): Directory of localities of the Kingdom of Bavaria, with alphabetical register of places . LXV. Issue of the contributions to the statistics of the Kingdom of Bavaria. Munich 1904, Section II, Sp. 1317 ( digitized version ).
- ↑ Bavarian State Statistical Office (ed.): Official city directory for Bavaria, territorial status on October 1, 1964 with statistical information from the 1961 census . Issue 260 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich 1964, DNB 453660959 , Section II, Sp. 866 ( digitized version ).
- ↑ Kgl. Statistisches Bureau (Ed.): Directory of the municipalities of the Kingdom of Bavaria according to the status of the population in December 1867 . XXI. Issue of the contributions to the statistics of the Kingdom of Bavaria. Ackermann, Munich 1869, p. 203 ( digitized version ).
- ↑ Bavarian State Statistical Office (ed.): Localities directory for the Free State of Bavaria according to the census of June 16, 1925 and the territorial status of January 1, 1928 . Issue 109 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich 1928, Section II, Sp. 1354 ( digitized version ).
- ^ Egert, Gerhard: Escherndorf and Koehler . P. 131
- ↑ Kgl. Statistical Bureau (ed.): Complete list of localities of the Kingdom of Bavaria. According to districts, administrative districts, court districts and municipalities, including parish, school and post office affiliation ... with an alphabetical general register containing the population according to the results of the census of December 1, 1875 . Adolf Ackermann, Munich 1877, 2nd section (population figures from 1871, cattle figures from 1873), Sp. 1300 , urn : nbn: de: bvb: 12-bsb00052489-4 ( digitized ).
- ^ Egert, Gerhard: Escherndorf and Koehler . P. 131
- ↑ Krone-Escherndorf: Gasthaus , accessed on January 8, 2017
- ↑ Ruppert, Anke (and others): Pilgrimage to Dettelbach today . P. 58
- ↑ Stadler, Erika: Winegrowing customs on the Main loop . P. 137 f
- ↑ Escherndorf: Escherndorfer Lumpjugend , accessed on January 5, 2017
- ↑ Escherndorfer-Weinherbst: Homepage , accessed on January 5, 2017
- ↑ Egert, Gerhard: The wine-growing communities Escherndorf and Köhler in the 19th century . P. 308
- ↑ Escherndorf: Escherndorfer-Berg , accessed on January 5, 2016
- ↑ Escherndorf: Escherndorfer-Fürstenberg , accessed on January 5, 2017
- ^ Bauer, Hans: District of Kitzingen . P. 190
- ↑ Meusert, Stefan: The Fährwesen in Nordheim . P. 126
- ↑ VVM-Info: Timetables , accessed on January 7, 2017
- ^ Egert, Gerhard: Escherndorf and Koehler . P. 128
- ^ Meyer, Herbert: Tower button certificates in Escherndorf . P. 170.
- ↑ KFV-Kitzingen: Escherndorf Fire Brigade , accessed on January 6, 2016
- ^ Egert, Gerhard: Escherndorf and Koehler . P. 125
- ↑ Egert, Gerhard: The wine-growing communities Escherndorf and Köhler in the 19th century . P. 306
- ↑ Main-Post: Eva Steindorf and the unruly coin , accessed on January 12, 2017
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