Schaubmühle

Schaubmühle
Location and history
Coordinates	49 ° 52 '6 "  N , 10 ° 13' 52"  E Coordinates: 49 ° 52 '6 "  N , 10 ° 13' 52"  E
Location	Germany  Bavaria Volkach
Waters	Volkach
Built	First mentioned in 1375
Status	commercial operation
technology
use	Flour mill
Grinder	Turbine from the beginning of the 20th century , then diesel engine, now electricity
drive	Watermill
water wheel	overshot waterwheel
Website	schaubmuehle.de

The Schaubmühle (also Obere Mühle , Stadtmühle am Steinberg , Schönmühle , Schultheissenmühle , Lippertsmühle ) is a grain mill in Volkach, Lower Franconia . It is located on the Volkachbach and has been operated continuously since the Middle Ages. During the second half of the 19th century, the Schaubmühle was an independent district of Volkach .

history

The Schaubmühle is by far the oldest mill in Volkach. In the older literature it is even assumed that milling took place here around the year 889, 17 years before the place Volkach was first mentioned in 906 . This assumption cannot be proven and must be questioned. First, the harvested ears of grain were ground in a so-called hand mill . Only when there is a concentration of settlements on the Volkach can a mill be built.

The mill was first mentioned in a document in 1375. At that time, Hans Seybrecht and his uncle Michel Rucker acquired the “Upper Mill” as a fief from the Counts of Castell , who held parts of the city's rule. The bridge mill on the lower reaches of the Volkachbach can be identified as a counterpart, the “lower mill” . Michel Rucker was a Volkach citizen and tried in this way to secure the flour supply of the young city for the rich citizens.

In 1404 Volkach gave itself city ​​rights for the first time . This also emphasizes the important role of the miller. He and his wife and children had to swear an oath to the mayor. The miller was not allowed to turn away urban customers, not even the poor, only to grind in the city's spell, but received a meal from the citizens. Niklas Brobst affirmed and illustrated the rights and duties in his Volkacher Salbuch , published in 1504 .

With the rise of the Würzburg prince-bishop to Volkach city lord in 1520, the fiefdom of the Upper Mill also came into the hands of the prelate . At the same time, in the 16th century, the population grew and food became scarcer. This also led to increasing competitive pressure at the mills on the Volkach, which was expressed in water disputes. For this century, frequent changes in the tenants of the Oberen Mühle have also been recorded, which could indicate a lack of profitability.

Similar to the nearby Obervolkach, the Volkach people also planned the construction of a community mill towards the end of the 16th century, which was to be in the hands of the city authorities . For this purpose, the Herrenmühle was built on the upper reaches of the Volkach by 1590 . After the new mill was initially only accepted by the population through subsidies from the city, the other two millers soon had to compete with it.

The Schaubmüller and his family take the oath, Volkacher Salbuch folio 441r

In 1602 the miller of the upper mill was granted citizenship of the Volkach . Barthel Schaub , the town school owner and mill owner at the time, took care of this, after whom the mill was soon named "Schaubmühle". In 1664, the miller's name was Michel Schreiber, when he announced the birth of his son. In 1685 the mill had become dilapidated and had to be sold. All repairs were not completed until 1698. At this point in time, Martin Dingel was in charge of the show mill.

For the year 1755, Johann Botter from Sommerach is proven as a mill leaseholder. He had to give four Malter wheat and 42 Malter Korn to the city. In 1773 Kaspar Scherpf had the mill as a stock. Conrad Schmidt from Knetzgau probably followed him . Between 1776 and 1779, the taxes to the city are again documented: Schmidt gave the city council 15 Malter wheat, 29 Malter and four Metzen grain. In 1788 the Schaubmühle received Wilhelm Anne from Kitzingen .

With the transfer of the city of Volkach to the Kingdom of Bavaria in 1814, nothing changed in the management of the mills. It was not until 1825 that the compulsory mill was lifted and the Schaubmühle could be sold to private individuals. The new owners were Eva and Valentin Leudner. They sold the Schaubmühle in 1846 for 8,000 guilders to Michael Lutz from Oellingen . Then the mill came into the hands of Adam Geyer. The frequent changes of ownership led to a backlog in technical renewals.

It was not until Roman Schraut, who owned the Schaubmühle in 1859, that he began using a drive wheel to increase the output of his mill. The old water wheels of the mill were only replaced by turbines after the First World War . In 1936, Wilhelm Lippert from Kleinwend bought the mill and began converting production. The contract mill became a commercial mill. After the transfer to his son Ernst Lippert in 1981, Lippert's grandson Ludwig Lippert now runs the Schaubmühle.

District

The Schaubmühle on the original cadastre from 1833

In 1875 the Schaubmühle was first designated as an independent district of the city of Volkach. It belonged to the Catholic parish of St. Bartholomew in Volkach. It was also assigned to the school district and the Volkach post office. In 1875 the Schaubmühle consisted of four buildings. In 1888 only one residential building was recorded in the area of ​​the district. This year the district was also designated as independent for the last time.

year	Residents	year	Residents
1875	5	1888	3

technology

The technique of the Schaubmühle changed only marginally during the Middle Ages and the early modern period . This led to frequent failures when the Volkach did not carry enough water. The mill had three grinding stages in 1830 . In 1859, a drive wheel was installed in order to be able to operate several grinding cycles. After the First World War, the mill was equipped with roller mills and plan views .

It was not until the 1920s that the Schaubmüller replaced the overshot mill wheel with turbines . In later years the mill drive was converted to a diesel engine . The Schaubmühle has been powered by electricity since the end of the 20th century. The Lippert family also built a laboratory for the production of animal feed. The silos of the Schaubmühle now hold over 2,000 tons of grain.

See also

• List of mills on the Volkach

literature

• Ute Feuerbach: Water use in ancient times: the grain mills in Volkach . In: Ute Feuerbach (Ed.): Our Main Loop. 1993-2007 . Volkach 2008. pp. 329-338.
• Erika Stadler: On the trail of Volkach's town mills . In: Ute Feuerbach (Ed.): Our Main Loop. 1978-1992 . Volkach 2008. pp. 279-291.

Web links

Commons : Schaubmühle  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Stadler, Erika: In the footsteps of the Volkach town mills . P. 284.
2. ↑ Feuerbach, Ute: Water use in ancient times . P. 331.
3. ↑ Feuerbach, Ute: Water use in ancient times . P. 332.
4. ↑ Stadler, Erika: In the footsteps of the Volkach town mills . P. 286.
5. ↑ Complete list of localities of the Kingdom of Bavaria . Digitalisat Sp. 1301, 1302 , accessed on November 21, 2016.
6. ^ Rasp, Karl von: Localities directory of the Kingdom of Bavaria . Munich 1888. Digitalisat Sp. 1237, 1238 , accessed on November 21, 2016.
7. ↑ Feuerbach, Ute: Water use in ancient times . P. 336.