Sommerach
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Coordinates: 49 ° 50 ' N , 10 ° 12' E |
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| Basic data | ||
| State : | Bavaria | |
| Administrative region : | Lower Franconia | |
| County : | Kitzingen | |
| Management Community : | Volkach | |
| Height : | 202 m above sea level NHN | |
| Area : | 5.67 km 2 | |
| Residents: | 1339 (Dec. 31, 2019) | |
| Population density : | 236 inhabitants per km 2 | |
| Postal code : | 97334 | |
| Area code : | 09381 | |
| License plate : | KT | |
| Community key : | 09 6 75 169 | |
| LOCODE : | DE SMR | |
| Community structure: | 1 district | |
| Address of the municipal administration: |
Volkacher Str. 1 97334 Sommerach |
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| Website : | ||
| Mayoress : | Elisabeth Drescher ( CSU ) | |
| Location of the community of Sommerach in the district of Kitzingen | ||
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Sommerach is a municipality in the Lower Franconian district of Kitzingen and a member of the Volkach administrative community . Sommerach's story is closely connected with the Benedictine monastery Münsterschwarzach, which held the manorial rule in the village for a long time. In addition, several other noble families, including the Margraves of Brandenburg-Ansbach, were wealthy here.
With 232 hectares of vineyards (2017), Sommerach is one of the larger wine-growing communities in the Franconian region . With the Sommeracher Katzenkopf , the municipality owns one of the most famous vineyards in Franconia. Wine shapes the village in many ways. This is how the oldest wine cooperative in Franconia came into being in 1901. The annual Altort Wine Festival forms the center of the festival calendar.
The centuries-old cultural landscape of the Weininsel with the vine-covered Kreuzberg in the center attracts tourists just as much as the largely preserved early modern town center, which has received multiple awards. Sommerach has a partially still existing local wall with two intact gates. The center of the place is the Catholic Eucharius Church. In addition, many hackers' houses and, last but not least, the former official buildings of the village lords form a remarkable ensemble .
geography
Geographical location
The municipality of Sommerach is located in the northwest of the Kitzingen district in the Bavarian administrative district of Lower Franconia. Most of the district is on the so-called Weininsel on the Volkacher Mainschleife, which was created through the Main and the canal between Volkach and Gerlachshausen in the 1950s. That is why the district is delimited on several sides by waters and only protrudes to the east on the other side of the canal.
In the north begins the area of the city of Volkach, the district Hallburg is the closest to Sommerach. In the north-northeast, the Volkach district itself borders on the Sommerach municipality, the places are separated here by the Main Canal. To the east is the village of Dimbach , now also a part of Volkach, with which Sommerach has many historical connections. Schwarzach am Main -Gerlachshausen can be found in the south- east , while in the south-west, separated by the Main itself, the district of Neuses am Berg begins, which today belongs to Dettelbach . In the northwest is Nordheim am Main , with which Sommerach shares the Kreuzberg, which dominates the wine island.
The next larger city is Volkach, about 4 kilometers away, northeast of Sommerach. The district town of Kitzingen is almost 11 kilometers away. The next big city is Würzburg, about 20 kilometers away .
With an area of 567 hectares, Sommerach is the fifth smallest municipality in the Kitzingen district and, with around 1350 inhabitants, has a population density of 240 inhabitants per square meter. It is due to the compact settlement area that the community far exceeds the Bavarian average of 176 inhabitants per square meter. In terms of population, Sommerach is the eleventh smallest municipality in the district.
Geology, hydrology, soils
In terms of nature, Sommerach lies in the area of the Volkacher Mainschleife, which is counted as a sub-unit of the Middle Main Valley of the Mainfränkische Platten . The east of the district, on the other hand, is part of the Dimbacher drift sand area within the Kitzinger Mainebene in the Steigerwald foreland. In the very south of the district, Sommerach has a share in the Schwarzacher valley widening , which in turn belongs to the Main valley.
The region is characterized by steep impact slopes and flat sliding slopes , which can be used particularly well for viticulture. This human use has greatly changed the landscape. Nevertheless, the geological past is still clearly visible. The deepening of the Main into its current bed took place mainly in the Pleistocene , the river meanders deepened and gave rise to the two types of slopes. This process continues through erosion . As a result, the rivers cut deeper and deeper into the mountain of the Vogelsburg and, in the future, will create a breakthrough mountain.
Sommerach benefits hydrologically , above all, from the clayey and loamy soil admixtures. Their high water absorption capacity enables the plants to absorb moisture, as there is also a very low groundwater level. Through these admixtures, the winter moisture can be maintained into summer and enables the flora to survive even in dry years. The soil conditions around the community are diverse. Upper Muschelkalk , Lettenkeuper , loess loam, sand, heavy clay soils and boggy soils exist. The only body of water around the village, besides the Main and the canal, is the Sommerach , which flows into the canal.
climate
Sommerach is located in the Maingau climate zone , which is one of the driest and warmest zones in Germany. This is also one of the reasons for growing wine in the region. Climate surveys for Sommerach are carried out in the weather station in Würzburg.
The climate classification of Köppen assigns the municipality to the Cfb category. (Climate zone C: warm-temperate climate, climate type: f: humid-temperate climate, sub-type b: warm summer). There is a 35 mm difference between the driest month and the wettest month. July (the warmest month of the year) is warmer than January (the coldest month of the year) by an average of 18.9 ° C.
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Climate table for Sommerach
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Land use
| use | Hectares |
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| Settlement area | 59 |
| traffic area | 49 |
| Vegetation area | 407 |
| Water surface | 52 |
| total area | 567 |
The community of Sommerach occupies a total of 567 hectares and is therefore somewhat larger in area than the smallest community of the administrative community , Nordheim am Main with 530 hectares. The largest proportion of the area is the vegetation area with 407 ha. Of this, 340 ha (60.0%) are used for agriculture, with the vineyards making up the largest proportion. Small forest areas in the extreme east of the district take up an area of 18 ha.
The second largest sub-area is the settlement area with 59 ha and thus 10.4% of the total area, of which 26 ha are residential area, industrial or commercial areas account for 4 ha. They are distributed decentrally over the municipality, since Sommerach does not have a classic industrial area , only Industrial companies are concentrated along Frankenstrasse. Streets, paths and squares take up an area of 49 ha and thus a share of 8.6% of the total area.
With the Main and some smaller bodies of water, there are 52 hectares of water around the place. The quarry ponds created in the 20th century for sand and gravel extraction should be mentioned here in particular. The agriculturally used area has been increasing since 2003; this year only 278 hectares were cultivated. In 2010 a low of 252 ha of agricultural area was reached.
Protected areas
There are protected areas of almost all protection categories around Sommerach . The entire district is part of the conservation area, Volkacher Mainschleife, the largest Flussmäanderlandschaft in Bavaria. Along the course of the Main there is part of the Maintal bird sanctuary between Schweinfurt and Dettelbach. In the north, east and west of the village, the Main forms the so-called Mainaue between Grafenrheinfeld and Kitzingen as a fauna and flora habitat . In addition, several registered biotopes run along the river, further biotopes can be found near the district road KT 57 around the orchards.
The three nature reserves that have been designated around Sommerach enjoy special protection . The community only has a small share of the sandy fields near Volkach, Schwarzach a.Main and Sommerach with its typical dunes. They can be found on the other side of the Main Canal in the Ried forest department. The original alluvial forests between Sommerach and Neuses am Berg are protected by the nature reserve right bank of the Main near Sommerach. The Main floodplain between Sommerach and Koehler is supposed to protect the floodplain landscape .
The geotope Eichelsee-Doline am Kreuzberg is located on the boundary between Nordheim and Sommerach on the summit of the Kreuzberg. The sinkhole sometimes carries water and is heavily muddy during dry periods. It was probably created when a karst cavity broke into the underlying rock layers. An old chestnut can be found on the road to Volkach. It has a diameter of 19 m, is between 100 and 150 years old and has been classified as a natural monument .
Local division
The street village itself can be found in the center of the Sommerach district . It was created parallel to the Main and is oriented to the northwest or southeast. The Sommeracher Altort is now surrounded by modern residential areas from the 20th century, with the compact development still distinguishing the core from the settlements. The central street in the old town is the main street, which continues in the northwest as Nordheimer Straße. It divides the old Sommerach into a smaller northern and a larger southern part ( see also: Ensemble Ortskern ).
In contrast to the neighboring Nordheim, Sommerach was surrounded by a curtain wall that still largely separates the old town from the surrounding area. Only four gates, facing in all directions , provided access to the village for centuries. The first Aussiedlerhof in the north of the old town was only built between 1875 and 1877 . After the Second World War, houses began to be built in front of the Schwarzacher Tor. A planned settlement development with single or multi-family houses began in the 1960s. Several residential areas were designated, whereby the area of the village tripled.
The cemetery has been located north of the old town since the 17th century and is now completely surrounded by residential areas. The elementary school was built further north. In addition to the smaller residential buildings, there are larger buildings and halls that have been relocated from the local wineries to the center of the village in an arc around the old town, which roughly corresponds to the course of Frankenstrasse . The only area used purely for industrial purposes can also be found on Frankenstrasse.
The village's sports facilities extend south of the main gate . The “Katzenkopf” campsite on the so-called Altmain was also built here in the 1970s . A football field can be found in the extreme northeast of the built-up area. The only forest area in the Sommerach district is about 1.5 km east of the Eucharius Church on the other side of the Main Canal. These are the Spessart (also Spaster) and the Ried.
The rest of the area is occupied by vineyards , the Main and the canal, with the vineyards stretching in a wide arc from the west of the village to the southeast. The names of the mountains Rosenberg (on which an observation tower was built) and Engelsberg are new creations based on the vineyards cultivated there, actually the mountain is the southern slope of the 287 m high Kreuzberg . The second highest point is the 211 m high Leitersberg directly to the east of the built-up area. Since the 1950s there to Sommerach several lakes that are mainly found in the southeast of the district. Up until the 17th century, the village of Ronobach, which is now a desert, was located immediately west of Sommerach.
history
Prehistory and early history (up to 1075)
Few archaeological finds from prehistoric times have been made around the Sommerach settlement . In the surrounding area, the Vogelsburg was an early center of human settlement. The mountain in the center of the Main loop was already permanently inhabited in the Paleolithic . In the Bronze Age , around 1500 BC BC, the residents built fortifications there, which were further strengthened in later centuries.
North of Sommerach on an area now occupied by the local cemetery, it was built around 800 BC. A burial place for people of the Hallstatt culture , who already used iron for the manufacture of tools and weapons and buried their dead in barrows. Further north, already in the Volkacher district, more of these barrows have been preserved. The associated settlement was probably to be found in the east of neighboring Nordheim. During the dredging of the lakes on Schwarzacher Straße, finds from the Bronze Age came to light, which suggest that an urnfield culture settlement had been built here.
The Celts later settled the area, although these people hardly left any traces in Sommerach. They sat on the Vogelsburg and buried their dead below the mountain near today's Escherndorf. The Celts were ousted by the Thuringians over the centuries . In the 5th century AD, the Thuringian tribes were followed by the Germanic Franks , who advanced on the Mainschleife and set up state-like administrative structures there for the first time. They also introduced Christianity .
Today's Sommerach was also created in the 5th century, which is what the place name with the ending -ach refers to. In the 6th and 7th centuries, the Franks stabilized their power and began a systematic colonization of the area. They also established the so-called Urgaue , whereby Sommerach was assigned to the Volkfeld named after the Volkachbach . In the 7th or 8th century, wine from what is now France also came to the Main, and today's cultural landscape was created.
Castell and Münsterschwarzach (until 1306)
The older historiography dates the first mention of the place Sommerach to the year 1075. At that time the Bamberg bishop Hermann I lost his office because of the suspicion of simony and found refuge in the Benedictine monastery Münsterschwarzach under the abbot Egbert . Egbert had good relations with Gregor VII and tried to reverse Hermann's excommunication. Although this failed, Hermann showed the abbot his gratitude by donations. Among other things, goods and vineyards in "villa Sumerah" came into Egbert's possession.
The Sommerach archivist Elmar Hochholzer, however, brought up a translation error in the document and accordingly dates the first mention of Sommerach to the year 1084. One document mentions “Summerach” here. Again, vineyards in the vicinity of the village are mentioned. The certificate includes a donation from the Bamberg Cathedral Provost Ulrich to the Münsterschwarzach monastery . The monks of the nearby monastery are the recipients of both documents.
At the beginning of the 12th century, however, a large part of the village belonged to the Lords of Castell , who, as bailiffs over the Benedictines, held the most important secular office in the abbey. In 1115 Heinrich zu Castell sold many properties to the monks of Münsterschwarzach under Abbot Rupert , including many properties in Sommerach. The castellers, who rose to become counts at the beginning of the 13th century, remained involved in the rulership of the village.
In the course of the century, however, the counts came under increasing pressure from the rising monastery of Würzburg , which ultimately led to armed conflicts that were also fought in the area around Sommerach. After a feud in 1230, the counts lost a large part of their possessions, but got them back as a fiefdom of Würzburg. A split in the line of the house of Castell in 1265/1267 led to rapid indebtedness for the county .
The Sommerach possessions were added to the line from the Lower Castle . Count Heinrich II zu Castell-Unterschloss , however, could no longer master the high debts and had to pledge the goods in Sommerach. The Münsterschwarzach monastery became the pledgee. The count never managed to get back the pledged goods. With his death, the bishop of Würzburg decided in 1306 that the possessions should finally fall to the monastery, which thus rose to become the most important landlord in Sommerach.
Margraves and Reformation (until 1606)
At the same time, however, several noble families had possessions in Sommerach. The Lords of Hohenlohe rose to be among the most important, although they ceded their goods to the Würzburg Monastery as early as 1328 . In the course of the 15th century, the Margraves of Brandenburg-Ansbach then gained in importance along the Main Triangle . In 1461 Margrave Albrecht Achilles attacked the village in the Prince's War and raged in the place so that “all books and letters were torn up”.
A year later the place was plundered again, this time the margrave bailiff from Kitzingen, Georg Gebsattel, invaded Sommerach. The community archive was also destroyed. In the following period, the margraves began to legally purchase goods in Sommerach. So they bought in 1502 by Sigmund von Seinsheim the Stephansberg castle that stood along with four subjects in Sommerach for sale. The margraves had established themselves as landlords in the place.
During the German Peasant War , the Sommeracher fought on the side of the rebellious peasants. Together with the Stadtschwarzach people, they plundered the Münsterschwarzach monastery in order to no longer have to pay the hated taxes. Later they took part with their Nordheim neighbors as part of the Volkacher Fähnlein in the siege of the Marienburg above Würzburg. After the suppression of the uprising, the Sommerach workers had to do labor to rebuild the abbey.
By the middle of the 16th century at the latest, the place got caught up in the turmoil of the Reformation . The rulership of the village was divided at this time by the Catholic monastery Münsterschwarzach, the likewise Catholic monastery of Würzburg and the Lutheran margraves, as well as several smaller noble families, such as the Fuchs von Bimbach , the Echter and the lords of Vestenberg . Although the majority of the residents remained Catholic, Protestants now also lived in Sommerach.
The denominational split in 1553 was a stroke of luck for the residents. Margrave Albrecht Alcibiades tried to gain supremacy in Franconia during the Second Margrave War . He roamed the surrounding villages and often had them set on fire. In Sommerach, however, he refrained from being destroyed by fire, as Protestants also lived here. Nevertheless, the church and town hall were looted and the village suffered heavy loss of archive material.
Conflicts of Faith (until 1681)
In the period that followed, the village lords, especially the Münsterschwarzach monastery, tried to protect their subjects by building a wall . The last gate in the direction of the ferry station on the Main was completed in 1585. At the beginning of the 17th century, Sommerach was struck by a plague epidemic, in which at least 24 people died by 1611. A total of two parish priests of the Catholic Eucharius Church, which was newly built in the 16th century, were also victims of the epidemic.
With the lintel in Prague in 1618, the Thirty Years' War began , which reignited denominational tensions in the Holy Roman Empire . Initially, the Sommerachers had to pay higher taxes, and it wasn't until 1629 that the war reached the Franconian community directly. The Protestant Swedes took up residence in the village and brought diseases with them that cost a total of 42 people their lives. Even after the peace in 1648, the residents of the village had to pay war taxes.
In the following years, loaded rim holes and quartering the Sommeracher heavy. In 1674 margrave troops marched through the town during the Northern War , in 1677 ducal-Holstein troops took winter quarters in Sommerach. In 1681 soldiers of Duke Heinrich von Sachsen were quartered. In addition, a high war tax was collected from the residents. In addition to the soldiers, there was also a smoldering legal battle between the village lords.
In the meantime four gentlemen had divided the village among themselves. At the beginning of the 17th century, the monks of Münsterschwarzach had 124 subjects in the village, Würzburg 16, the margrave five and the lords of Milchling , who had acquired several farms in Sommerach in 1589, a total of four subjects. However, the Milchling family died out in 1653 and the inheritance was controversial. This situation triggered the Sommerach succession dispute .
The Würzburgers wanted to add the so-called Milchling-Haus in town to their possessions, but the margraves refused. Now began a decade-long, judicial dispute between the parties, which in Sommerach itself was accompanied by insults and fights among the population. Only a comparison by the lawyer Johannes Fegelein led to a compromise and the Milchling goods were divided between the conflicting parties in 1668.
"Sommeracher Revolution" (until 1848)
In the 18th century the three village lords had established themselves and Sommerach flourished economically. The ended disputes and a relatively long period of peace contributed to this, as did the flourishing of viticulture. Nevertheless, the place was repeatedly affected by drafts, especially at the end of the century. At the same time, the Jewish community that had existed in Sommerach since the 16th century grew rapidly because the Jews were expelled from nearby Kitzingen in 1763.
In 1803 the medieval and early modern social order ended abruptly. With the secularization of church property initiated by Napoleon , the Würzburg monastery and the Münsterschwarzach abbey, which had determined the fate of the village for centuries, were dissolved. The margravate also disappeared through mediatization . Sommerach came to the enlarged Electorate of Palatinate Bavaria, an interim period in the Grand Duchy of Würzburg followed in 1806 , and in 1814 the village finally became part of Bavaria , which had meanwhile become a kingdom .
The new social order strengthened the rights of the individual who now rose to become citizens. But it also largely destroyed the early modern economic order . Since the monasteries ceased to be the largest consumers of wine and the winegrowers, who were now self-employed, began to plant grapevines in poor locations, which led to a decline in viticulture . This development was intensified by the export tariffs on wine and the simultaneous introduction of beer.
Liberal ideas were on the rise all over Bavaria in the first decades of the 19th century . The Mainschleife, and in particular Sommerach, developed into a center of liberalism that was supposed to be suppressed by the government. With the Gaibacher Festival of 1832 the tendencies intensified. Every afternoon a party met at the Gasthof zum Schwan, which included the innkeeper Dominikus Mohr and the farmer Zänglein.
The police organs, which were supposed to counteract the liberal activities, submitted a first report to the district government on September 25, 1832. Later it came through house searches of the suspects, which brought no results. From October 1832 the Volkach district court forbade the Sommerachers to hold events in their homes. The investigations only ended with the unexpected death of Zänglein in 1834. During the March Revolution in 1848, a free corps was organized in Sommerach to support the liberal revolutionaries.
In Bavaria (until today)
The second half of the 19th century was marked by the decline of viticulture. The community tried to generate new income by growing fruit. In 1868 the community acquired a share of the Spessart Forest, east of Sommerach. In the following years, the clearing was pushed ahead here, as it was hoped that an expansion of the area would stimulate agriculture. Three years earlier, in 1865, Sommerach had received a postal expedition , and in 1866 iron pipes were laid for the water pipe.
In the Franco-Prussian War of 1870/1871 a total of 16 Sommerachers were sent to the front, a single soldier from the village died. A major storm destroyed the entire harvest in the village in July 1879, and the Raiffeisen Association was founded in Sommerach a year later . In 1908 the Main burst its banks and again destroyed large parts of the fields and the remaining vineyards. Viticulture was only able to re-establish itself in the second half of the 20th century.
A total of 25 Sommeracher fell during the First World War . Six later returned to the village from captivity. In 1920 the community held a big festival in their honor, during which each of the returnees received 70 marks . Just like the towns in the vicinity, Sommerach was hit hard by inflation during the Great Depression. The remuneration of the community water warden rose from 6,000 marks to a total of 3,000,000 marks.
The " seizure of power " by the National Socialists in 1933 initially brought about a renaming of the local streets. The Sommerachers made Adolf Hitler an honorary citizen, thus fueling the general euphoria. There has been no Jewish population in the village since the end of the 19th century, but in 1938 SA people from Sommerach took part in the raids on the Reichspogromnacht .
In the village itself, especially those involved in the church came into the crosshairs of political persecution. The brother of the Münsterschwarzach abbot Burkhard, Alfons Utz, was arrested in Würzburg and placed under arrest for "subversive statements" . The youth organizations of the Nazi regime were also very well received in Sommerach, and home evenings for the Hitler Youth and the Association of German Girls were held in the Maintorturm.
When the war began in 1939, evacuees from Berg in the Palatinate and Pirmasens in Sommerach were accepted. From autumn 1942, people from Düsseldorf , Schweinfurt and Kitzinger were also quartered here. In 1945, 132 bombed-out Würzburgers lived in the village. At the same time, French, Polish and Ukrainian prisoners of war had to toil on the Sommerach fields. During the war, a total of 46 Sommeracher died on the battlefields in Europe.
The war ended in Sommerach on April 7, 1945. The place was shot at from the Prosselsheim forest, causing damage to the building. At the instigation of the pastor, the white flag was now hoisted. However, some SS troops moved in that evening and took council member Franz Weickert with them to Bamberg . Here he received the death sentence, which, however, was no longer carried out. On April 8th, the Americans marched into Sommerach.
The post-war period in Sommerach was marked by reconstruction. Due to the expellees, especially from Silesia , the population grew and new building areas on the edge of the old town were designated. In the 1950s the Main Canal was built, to which Sommerach owes its location on the Weininsel. In 1978, Sommerach joined the Volkach administrative community , thereby relocating administrative matters to nearby Volkach.
Place name
The place name Sommerach already indicates a Germanic foundation, which makes the village one of the oldest settlements in the area. The ending -ach , which comes from the Germanic language and is derived from aha , flowing water, provides information about the geographical conditions around Sommerach. The name was initially created for the Sommerachbach, which flows into the Main near the village. The name was later carried over to the settlement near the brook.
The prefix summer for creek and village was probably chosen because of its location on the sunny southern slope . Older legends explain that Sommerach initially had a different name and that today's name was only adopted when viticulture began its triumphant advance in the 9th century. However, it remains unclear what Sommerach was supposed to have been called previously. In the 17th century, the Münsterschwarzach monastery chronicler Burkard Bausch derived the name from the good sunlight for growing wine.
The place name was subject to a certain change in documents from the Middle Ages and the early modern period. In the early diplomas of the 11th century there is talk of the "villa Sumerah" (Latin village of Sommerach), in 1084 the place was called "Summerach" when it was probably first mentioned. Bausch mentions the name "Sommerau", although it is not historically secure. In the 18th century the village still had the addition "on the sand", which describes the soil composition in the area.
Administration and courts
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The following administrative units were superordinate to Sommerach.
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In court, Sommerach was subject to the following instances.
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Population development
In the Middle Ages and early modern times, the monastery village of Sommerach was for a long time the most populous village in the sphere of influence of the Münsterschwarzach Abbey, which is why it was surrounded by a curtain wall, unlike the neighboring Nordheim. Passages and military incursions decimated the population. Around 1630 a total of 24 people died of the plague , the billeting of the Swedes killed 42 Sommeracher. At the beginning of the 17th century, 149 heads of families lived in the village, which suggests a population of around 650 people.
With the transition to Bavaria, the population numbers were then handed down more regularly. In 1814, Sommerach was the second largest municipality in the Volkach Regional Court (after Volkach) with 923 inhabitants , but soon lost this position to Nordheim am Main. At the beginning of the 20th century, the decline in viticulture was also noticeable in the number of inhabitants. In 1916 a new low of 730 people was reached.
After the Second World War, the population grew briefly because the place took in many refugees . Many evacuees were already housed in Sommerach during the Second World War . The decline could only be stopped in the 1970s, which is also related to the resurgence of viticulture and the establishment of tourism in the community. In 1978, the 1000-inhabitant mark was exceeded for the first time, and in 2004 the previous all-time high of 1414 was broken. Since then the population has been slowly decreasing. Today about 1300 people live in Sommerach.
| year | Residents | year | Residents | year | Residents |
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| 1814 | 923 | 1916 | 730 | 1978 | 1079 |
| 1833 | 893 | 1930 | 809 | 1986 | 1183 |
| 1850 | around 940 | 1938 | 761 | 1990 | 1206 |
| 1877 | 881 | 1946 | 879 | 1997 | 1313 |
| 1883 | 900 | 1954 | 917 | 2003 | 1397 |
| 1896 | 841 | 1961 | 820 | 2004 | 1414 |
| 1905 | 752 | 1972 | 958 | 2018 | 1345 |
politics
Elections and Mayors
Similar to the villages in the area, in Sommerach during the Middle Ages and early modern times there were predominantly dependent subjects who were subordinate to a master. The gentlemen (at times four) appointed mayors to represent them to the population. The mayor, who was the mouthpiece of the community, was given the support of the four quarter masters and the house of God as councilors.
The Schultheiße issued village regulations , in which the coexistence in the village was regulated. Among other things, the occupations in Sommerach were organized in the regulations . Here it was also stipulated that the respective mayors were allowed to jointly hold the seal and the staff. These objects were kept in a house that belonged to the Münsterschwarzach monastery. In 1504 the Würzburg prince-bishop Lorenz von Bibra issued new village regulations.
Representatives of the community were also represented at the high court of the monastery, which sometimes met in the village itself. It took place three times a year and the mayor of Münsterschwarzach presided. The village court, which mainly ruled on minor criminal cases, took place several times a year. In a second instance, the Sommerachers could appeal to the so-called cloister court in Münsterschwarzach. The other gentlemen also had other courts of second instance.
| List of Mayors of Sommerach (since 1894) | |||||||
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| Surname | Term of office | Remarks | |||||
| Vincent Weickert | 1894-1905 | Winegrower, † June 11, 1908 | |||||
| Peter Engert | 1905-1919 | ||||||
| Kaspar Hehn | 1919-1923 | † October 13, 1923 | |||||
| Heinrich Mechler | 1923-1943 | initially provisional, † August 18, 1943 | |||||
| Franz Weickert | 1943-1945 | First term, deposed by the American military government, honorary citizen | |||||
| Georg Zang | 1945–1952 | used by the American military government | |||||
| Franz Weickert | 1952-1960 | Second term, honorary citizen | |||||
| Johann Streng | 1960-1981 | 1960 election has to be repeated because of contestation, "former mayor" and honorary citizen, † August 8, 1997 | |||||
| Rupert Schlereth | 1981-1998 | FWG, from 1990 CSU, † May 29, 1998 | |||||
| Elmar Henke | 1998-2020 | CSU, viticulture technician | |||||
| Elisabeth Drescher | since May 1, 2020 | CSU | |||||
Since the middle of the 19th century, the municipal councils have been elected by a large part of the population. Today the council of Sommerach consists of a total of ten councilors, the mayor and his two deputies. Since the 2014 local elections , the Free Voters (FWG) have had a majority in the city council. The First Mayor Elmar Henke was nominated as a candidate for the FWG and the CSU, but is a CSU member. In 2020 the Free Voters lost their majority over the CSU. Elisabeth Drescher (CSU) was elected to succeed Henke on March 15, 2020 with 76.3% of the valid votes.
In the past, the Sommerachers mostly voted for the CSU in state elections . However, the party lost a lot of support during the last state parliament elections. In 1990, 81.7% voted for the party, in 2018 only 41.6% went to the CSU. Most of the voters migrated to the FW (2018: 18.5%) and the Greens (2018: 14.6%). In federal elections, the SPD (2017: 14.1%) was mostly the second strongest force after the CSU (2017: 46.8%). The traditionally high voter turnout of the Sommerachers only drops sharply in European elections; in 2014 only 55.1% of those eligible to vote also voted.
Partnerships
- Sommerach has had a partnership with the French municipality of Dizy in the Marne department since 2002 . Both places had been in contact with each other since 1997. In September 2002 the partnership agreement was signed in Sommerach, and in 2004 one was also signed in Dizy. The two communities are linked by their centuries-old winemaking tradition.
- Between 1996 and 2004, the community of Sommerach sponsored the Army Pioneer Battalion 12 , which was stationed in the Mainfranken barracks in nearby Volkach. With the relocation of the battalion, the sponsorship was terminated.
coat of arms
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Blazon : “Divided; A silver abbot, growing above in blue, holding a silver chalice in his right hand and a silver abbot's staff in his left; below in silver three two-to-one red five-pointed stars. " |
| Foundation of the coat of arms: The municipal coat of arms was derived from a village court seal. The original stamp dates from around 1500. The abbot refers to the land and judicial rule of the Münsterschwarzach monastery . The stars are interpreted as place symbols. The colors of the upper half of the shield are the main colors of the monastery coat of arms. The colors red and silver are the colors of Franconia . |
Culture and sights
Architectural monuments
Ensemble town center Sommerach
The fortified wine-growing village has a clearly structured floor plan: within the oval wall, the market street runs along the longitudinal axis; Their slightly shifted position only allows one-sided branching from side streets, which are characterized by their right-angled guidance. The reconstruction of the parish church and its sealing off from the market point to an original self-fortification of the church district .
Marktstrasse widens steadily to the west from the Schwarzacher Tor and forms a wide square in front of the town hall. Stately baroque wine farms surround Platzstrasse; on the north side they face the street space with the gable side of their residential building and a wide courtyard portal, while on the south side the eaves of the residential buildings create a closed front. In the side streets the development consists of Häckerhöfe and small houses, mostly from the 18th and 19th centuries, mixed with some stately baroque buildings. Among the side streets, Maintorstrasse, which runs towards the Maintor, is of paramount importance.
St. Eucharius
The Church of St. Eucharius was mentioned for the first time in the 14th century, although there was probably a small chapel in the same place before that . In 1351 it was placed under the patronage of " all saints ". Under the Würzburg prince-bishop Friedrich von Wirsberg , today's church was built from 1560, and the tower was added in 1589. In the 18th century the choir was expanded. In the following period the church was renovated several times, the last time in 2018.
The church has a single nave , which is interrupted by three window axes. The windows are ogival and have been decorated with tracery . The choir has moved in and connects to the nave on three sides. The 16th century tower is particularly impressive. It was built in the course of the Counter Reformation and, with its Julius-Echter tip, which is typical for Main Franconia, symbolizes the regaining of the place for the Catholic Church.
The interior of St. Eucharius has changed over the centuries. So in 1757 the altar sheet of the high altar got inside the church. It was created by the Austrian court painter Franz Müller for the Balthasar Neumann Church in Münsterschwarzach. The side altars came here in 1796 and are presented in the Empire style . In addition, several tombstones from the 16th and 17th centuries have been preserved. The pulpit dates from 1605.
town hall
The town hall of the community of Sommerach actually consists of two buildings, only one of which is listed as a monument . The older building at Kirchplatz 4 was built between 1661 and 1664. The Münsterschwarzach Abbey also participated in the construction of the house because it was also allowed to set up a wine store here. First the local school and the teacher's apartment were housed in the house. In 1971 the old building was converted into the town hall and the school was moved to the outskirts. In 2001 the municipality set up a vinotheque in the older part of the town hall ( see also: Education ).
The newer building of the town hall, which is not protected as an architectural monument, was built in 1821. It was built in the classicism style, whereby the influence of Leo von Klenze becomes clear. After the Second World War, the town hall also housed school halls at times. The municipal archive has also been housed here since 1979 . In the course of joining the Volkach administrative community, the building was converted into a “citizen's house”. There is a large conference room on the upper floor. In addition, the mayor of Sommerach still has his official seat in the house. In 2005 the architect Dag Schröder renovated the facade.
Site fortification
For centuries, Sommerach was completely surrounded by a village wall that was supposed to protect the place from raids. The fortification had become necessary to secure the most important property of the monks of Münsterschwarzach in the 15th century. The fortifications were only completed around 1550 and Abbot Wolfgang Zobel von Münsterschwarzach issued a “ Schaarwächterordnung ” to guard the wall. In the 17th century the fortification lost its military importance and fell into disrepair. It was not until the beginning of the 20th century that the remains were placed under protection.
The fortification had a total of four gates, which were oriented towards the neighboring towns of Gerlachshausen / Münsterschwarzach, Dettelbach or the Main, Volkach and Nordheim am Main. Two of the gates are still completely intact. The layout of the gates established the main axis of the village in the early modern period , so that Sommerach is still characterized today by the road cross formed by the gates (Hauptstraße, Schwarzacher Straße, Lindenallee, Volkacher Straße, Nordheimer Straße). Two of the towers, which were supposed to monitor the important corners of the curtain wall, have survived.
Tithe courtyard and office buildings
It is due to the splitting up of the rulers in the Middle Ages and early modern times that several former office buildings or tithe courtyards have been preserved in Sommerach , which served as the residence of the respective mayor and for collecting the taxes in kind. The most impressive building is the Münsterschwarzacher Zehnthof, because the monastery ruled by far the largest part of the residents. The Zehnthof was built at the beginning of the 17th century, but was expanded in 1675 and 1682.
The Schwarzachian Zehnthof on the southeast side of the Altort presents itself as a two-wing complex . The main building is two-story and ends with a gable roof and a tail gable . The Zehnthof has a special feature with the former chapel. It was attached to one of the wings of the main building as a round chapel. The abbots of Münsterschwarzach have immortalized themselves everywhere on the building with small heraldic stones.
On the opposite side of the main street, the monastery also had a magnificent half-timbered house built for its mayor. It was built in 1668 as the so-called Schwarzacher Hof and presents itself as a two-storey, gable-roof structure. On the outside, a coat of arms of the monastery was attached, which is combined with the personal symbol of Abbot Benedict II. Weidenbusch and is intended to refer to the rule of the Benedictines.
The gentlemen von Milchling had their base in the village in Untere Maintorgasse. They also had some estates in Sommerach in the 16th and 17th centuries and therefore had the manor built in 1598 . The building is a two-storey saddle roof structure in the forms of the Renaissance . Another estate has been preserved at Maintor (address Maintorstraße 23). The so-called Brandenburg House belonged to the Margraves of Brandenburg-Ansbach and was built in 1739. The mansard roof structure has drilled window frames and a magnificent arm .
Other notable private houses and courtyards
A large number of buildings from the early modern period have been preserved in Sommerach. Families who had become wealthy through viticulture had magnificent hacking estates built. They were mostly built on two floors and have deep cellars to store the grape juice. They were also equipped with a passage to be able to deliver the wine in large quantities. Traditional islands can be found along the main street, the older buildings have been preserved along Nordheimer Straße and around the main gate.
The so-called Villa Sommerach can be regarded as the oldest privately used building in the Sommeracher Altort . The land on which the house stands was pledged to the Münsterschwarzach monastery in 1295 by the Counts of Castell. It is possible that the building was first used as an office building before it was passed into private hands. The villa is a two-storey two-wing building with an extension with a gable roof. It received its current form in the 18th century. Frequently changing owners followed. → see also: Villa Sommerach
Another house has been preserved in Turmstrasse 2, the core of which goes back to the 15th century (1453). This was shown by dendrochronological tests on the building. The building presents itself as a two-storey, gable roof construction in a corner position. The half-timbered upper floor dates back to the 18th century. A large courtyard gate was added to the building later, which is also typical of the Häcker houses in Sommerach.
The so-called Baderhaus dates from the 16th century. Today the house presents itself as a two-storey half - hipped roof building . It was built in half-timbered construction and in its current form dates back to the 18th century. It played an important role in the sanitary situation of the village during the Middle Ages and the early modern period . The bathing room was first mentioned in the 15th century. In the course of the Thirty Years' War, the bath house was closed and converted into a residential building. → see also: Baderhaus (Sommerach)
In the 18th century, Sommerach experienced a boom in viticulture. Many buildings that arose along the main road testify to this. The two buildings on Hauptstrasse 7 and 9 are particularly typical of the winegrowers' houses of this time. Both were built with so-called corner pilasters and were built as hipped roof buildings. The drilled window frames are just as characteristic , as can be found in the house at Hauptstraße 6 on the opposite side of the street.
The Gasthof zum Schwan, which was also built on the main road, is also impressive. The inn was built in 1700, in 1708 it received the large baroque portal, which is attributed to the artist Mathias Sporer. Inside the inn there are stucco ceilings that pick up on ancient and Christian motifs. The large hall with its barrel vault still has a so-called musicians' gallery. The inn plays an important role in the founding of many associations. → see also: Gasthof zum Schwan (Sommerach)
The slow decline of viticulture began in the 19th century, which can also be seen in the houses that are now being built. They received far less jewelry and were mostly not plastered . Such a house can be found at today's Nordheimer Straße 11. It was built as a two-storey, gable-free half-hipped roof structure made of quarry stone masonry . A similar property was built at Winzerstrasse 1.
Wayside shrines and small memorials
As a predominantly Catholic community, several wayside shrines or tortures have been preserved as field monuments in Sommerach and the surrounding area . They refer to the popular piety of past centuries, were set for the glory of God and as a sign of the way, or had a reminder function. In addition, there are also the typical Franconian house figures , especially in the old town . These small monuments have been created at all times since the Middle Ages, but their existence is threatened today. In 1979 17 wayside shrines were identified in Sommerach, many of which no longer exist.
The oldest and at the same time the most important shrine in terms of art history is the so-called gray torture. The torture was donated by Heinrich Zorn to a mayor of Gerlachshausen in 1511 and must be assigned to an artist from Tilman Riemenschneider's environment , which is why it is one of the most valuable Franconian wayside shrines. The gray torture was set up by the community in the cemetery chapel, where it is less exposed to the weather. The wayside shrine is almost four meters high. Several reliefs on the shaft and on the attachment refer to the passion. The donor couple was immortalized under the figure of Anna herself. → see also: Gray torture
In the course of the 16th century the wayside shrines changed their meaning. They went from being purely religious monuments to being political symbols. After the Counter-Reformation had been successfully carried out , so-called monolith shrines made of a single stone were set up. Such a stick was created in Sommerach in 1588. It has a crucifixion scene in the top and was decorated with the coats of arms of the Würzburg prince-bishop Julius Echter von Mespelbrunn and the Münsterschwarzach abbot Johannes IV. Burckhardt . → see also: Crucifixion shrine (Sommerach, 1588)
The late 17th and early 18th centuries were characterized by wayside shrines, which had a style mixture of late Gothic and Baroque elements. Particularly typical is the so-called Marter am Berg, which was donated in 1683 by Büttner Hans Bartel Ulerig. Its shaft takes up baroque forms, while the essay is still attached to the late Gothic. The four-column marter donated in 1700 with the fruit hanging and the twisted columns in the top can be considered the first completely baroque wayside shrine. → see also: Marter am Berg and Viersäulenmarter
In the period that followed, the appearance of the wayside shrines became more differentiated. The Mount of Olives picture stick erected in 1725 on today's Volkacher Straße was created as a kind of processional altar . The monumental group of figures at Nordheimer Straße 11 was also created in the 18th century. It shows Jesus as a cruiser, next to it the Mater Dolorosa was depicted. The actual picture house below consists of a simple relief. → see also: Ölbergbildstock (Sommerach)
While the wayside shrines were placed on the outskirts of the village, other religious monuments have been preserved in the old town. Today the four-tube fountain with a figure of the dragon slayer Michael forms the center of the main street . It was created in 1701 and was created by the artist Matthias Sporer. The house figures are much less conspicuous. For example, the depiction of Joseph with the baby Jesus from 1790 has been preserved in Hauptstrasse 13. The Madonna of the Moon is emblazoned at the former Brandenburg court . The artful tavern boom that can be seen in Häckergasse 2, Hauptstraße 2 and at the Schwanengasthof come from a later period. → see also: Vierröhrenbrunnen (Sommerach)
Interior of the Eucharius Church
Old town hall building
Zehnthof with chapel building
Half-timbered gable of the Schultheißenhaus
So-called Villa Sommerach
Viersäulenmarter on the outskirts
Figure group at Nordheimer Strasse 11
Chapels
A total of three chapels can be found around the place, which are not listed . The oldest is the cemetery chapel on the street Zum Engelsberg. As early as the 17th century, the burial site was moved from the churchyard to the edge of the built-up area. A predecessor of today's chapel was built after 1648. Today the cemetery chapel is a simple rectangular building from 1837. Inside, the gray torture is kept. The original altar was removed in 1981.
Two more chapels of the 20th century were built in the vineyards around the place. The so-called Marienkapelle in the Engelsberg vineyard was consecrated in 1996. It was created on the basis of an initiative by the rural women and was built with voluntary hours of work by the Sommeracher and around 150,000 DM in own funds. A Madonna from Oberammergau was placed inside the church .
The third of the chapels was built in the corridor "An der Steig". It was initiated by Josef Weickert and consecrated to the Holy Family. Construction began in 2000, and on May 1, 2001, local pastor Aurelian Weiß consecrated the church. The equipment consists of a sculpture of the Holy Family , which was created by the sculptor Valentin Lucius Glanzner. An inscription in the base reads: “DER HL. FAMILY THANKS + PLEASE ”.
Lookout point, nature trails and avenues
The tourist infrastructure around the village was already expanded in the 1970s. The observation tower at the highest point of the Kreuzberg above the vineyards was only inaugurated on May 20, 2001. It presents itself with a brick base , over which a wooden tower was erected. The vantage point offers a view over Sommerach, the Schwarzach Basin and into the Steigerwald with the distinctive Schwanberg ( see also: localization ).
In the course of the first wine festival in 1977, a wine variety educational trail was created in the Engelsberg vineyard . It teaches with several text panels about viticulture and the different varieties and has been renewed several times. Much later, in 1999, a sand and gravel pit educational trail was laid out around the newly created quarry pond. It stretches along the lakes at “Teichwöhr” and “Pfennigwöhr” and provides information about the flora and fauna at such lakes.
There are two avenues around Sommerach today. By far the oldest is the so-called Lindenallee , which connected the Maintor with the former ferry station on the Main. In March 2001, a fruit tree avenue was inaugurated along the so-called Mainschleifenallee on the former connecting road between Sommerach and Volkach. In addition to various types of fruit trees, there are works of art by regional artists. The so-called district fountain provides information about the types of stone in the Kitzingen district that are important for viticulture.
Regular events
The local saint Valentinus has been accorded special veneration since the early modern period . The anniversary of the saint is celebrated on February 14th. In earlier times, on this day the so-called Valentinus water was touched with the relics of the saint kept in the parish church . First of all, it should protect against epilepsy . At the same time there was also a big service. At times, Valentine's Day was a real holiday for the Sommeracher. Another tradition is the "Rappelbuben" that in the kart Agen with ratchets pull through the town.
In addition, the pilgrimages shaped social life in Sommerach. In the Middle Ages and early modern times, the monks of Münsterschwarzach forced several processions to Stadelschwarzach , Dimbach, Dettelbach, Iphofen and Volkach. On urban day, May 25th, people marched around the village in honor of the wine saint. The pilgrimage to Dettelbach- Maria im Sand was revived around 1970 after falling asleep after the ferry went down. A thunderstorm vow in 1879 triggered the pilgrimage to Vierzehnheiligen , which runs through Dimbach, Eichfeld , Oberschwarzach and Ebrach .
Today the Sommeracher Wine Festival is the focus of the festival calendar. However, it has only been celebrated since 1977. Since 1983 it has been held every year on the second weekend in July in the Altort, previously a tent was erected in the linden avenue in front of the Main Gate. Since then, a wine princess has been elected every year in Sommerach to represent the local wine. The Sommerach winemakers have been involved in the annual parade at the Munich Oktoberfest since 1984 .
Say
The Hexenplatz
At the Eichelsee or Kreuzsee between Nordheim and Sommerach (today's geotope Eichelsee-Doline am Kreuzberg) is said to have been the meeting place for the witches from the area. If a hiker disturbed them at their meeting, their magic was so weakened that they could not harm anyone for the next few weeks. But who wanted day of the assembly on the mountain, was Irrlichter placed on the wrong path when it is not rigidly staring up at the sky.
The plague
One evening the Sommeracher Mainfährer heard the call "Get over" and immediately drove to the other side of the river. There was a tall, careless woman who was wrapped in a long, black coat. The woman wore a sweeping headdress that almost completely covered her face and only revealed a pair of staring eyes. The ferryman shuddered at first, but then brought the strange woman to the Sommerach side of the Main.
Over there, the woman asked if she could take a rest in the ferryman's apartment, which she was allowed to do. But that same night she moved to the best inn in Sommerach; and the next morning she disappeared from the village again. That day the landlord, his wife and his maid fell ill with the plague and died soon afterwards. The same fate befell the ferryman and his relatives. And so it was said in the village that the ferryman had brought the plague over there.
Economy and Infrastructure
economy
Viticulture
The village of Sommerach has been shaped by viticulture for centuries . Even today it is the main source of income for many residents. With a vineyard area of around 232 hectares (2017), the community can be regarded as the ninth largest wine-growing community in the Franconian wine-growing area , it is the fifth largest in the "Weinlandkreis" Kitzingen. The many vineyards around the village were combined in 1971 to form the two individual layers Katzenkopf and Rosenberg. In 1989 the third location was created, the Engelsberg, which today is also a large location in its own right.
Already in the document in which the place was first mentioned in 1084, there was talk of vineyards growing around Sommerach. During the Middle Ages and the early modern period, the town rose to become the most populous village in the area of influence of the Münsterschwarzach monastery, mainly because of its viticulture. The monastery drew a wine tithing from its subjects. However, Sommerach was always in the shadow of neighboring Nordheim, where more viticulture was practiced.
The cellar under the monastic Zehnthof , which was completed in 1682, could hold around 2,200 hectoliters of wine, making it the second largest in the monastery area. The monks used the Sommerach wine for the liturgy , as alms for the poor, to pay pastors and exported it to other areas. The wine for sale had to be particularly storable, which is why a sophisticated storage system was established early on, which found its most obvious expression in these cellars.
The winegrowers were heavily dependent on the climate, so that the village was at times very rich or suffered from great poverty. The special microclimate on the Kreuzberg brought a good yield even in cooler years. After very good wine years in the 18th century, however, after the dissolution of the monastery in 1803, the early modern wine industry collapsed. The monastery ceased to be a sales market, and at the same time the cheaper beer began its triumphal march on the Mainschleife.
Initially, attempts were made to promote fruit growing through legal measures, but the residents rejected this conversion of the corridors. The decline of viticulture continued with the emergence of phylloxera in the second half of the 19th century. While in 1893 just under 150 hectares were planted with vines, the area fell to less than 100 hectares in the 1950s. Only the land consolidation between 1956 and 2000 and the rise of (cultural) tourism then led to a rediscovery of viticulture in the 1970s.
The modernization of agriculture, initiated by the Sommerach winemakers, also contributed to the resurgence of viticulture. In 2007, the largest drip irrigation system in Europe was built in the village on 232 hectares . In 2001 there were 190 companies in the village that were full-time winegrowers. Unlike in many other places in the area, there are only a few self-marketers in Sommerach. This goes back to the early founding of the winegrowers' cooperative , which came into being in 1901 and can be considered the oldest cooperative in the Franconian wine-growing region. → see also: Winzer Sommerach
| Vineyard | Size 1993 | Size 2004 | Size 2019 | Compass direction | Slope | Main grape varieties | Großlage (n) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Engelsberg | not clear | 30 ha | 27 ha | southeast | 15-35% | not clear | Sommeracher Engelsberg |
| Cat head | 200 ha | 180 ha | 174 ha | South-Southeast, Southwest | 15-45% | Silvaner, Müller-Thurgau, among others | Volkacher Kirchberg , Sommeracher Engelsberg |
| Rosenberg | 50 ha | 60 ha | 82 ha | Southwest, east | 10-25% | Kerner, Bacchus, et al | Volkacher Kirchberg , Sommeracher Engelsberg |
tourism
| Guest nights | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| year | Overnight stays | ||||||
| 2011 | 67,406 | ||||||
| 2012 | 71,778 | ||||||
| 2015 | 79,314 | ||||||
| 2016 | 77,586 | ||||||
Today tourism is the second economic mainstay of the place alongside viticulture. This also has to do with the completely preserved, medieval town center and the charming landscape along the Main. However, in Sommerach, unlike in neighboring Volkach, tourism development did not begin as early as the 19th century. Instead, the place was only discovered by foreign guests in the post-war period.
Only at the urging of the neighboring administrative units did they join the tourist association in 1955 . Two years later, in 1957, the first advertising brochure appeared . In the 1970s they began to establish their own bathing beach on the Main, and at the same time the “Katzenkopf” campsite opened in 1972, which today has around 300 places. It was not until the municipal area reform at the end of the 1970s that the town began to be marketed via the administrative community and the Franconian wine region tourism region .
Today, after Volkach, Sommerach is the second largest tourism community on the Volkacher Mainschleife . This can also be seen in the number of overnight stays by guests, which has been steadily increasing in recent years. In 2016 there were a total of nine accommodation establishments , which is an enormous density for a place with around 1,000 inhabitants. Another starting point are the more than 15 inns and hedge taverns (2003).
The closed, historic townscape has also garnered several awards in the past. In 2013 the location was awarded the gold medal at the federal level in the state competition Our village has a future - our village should become more beautiful for rural areas with up to 3,000 inhabitants. In 2014, Sommerach was the German representative in the village category in the European competition Entente Florale Europe and won gold together with Kitzingen.
Agriculture and Forestry
In addition to viticulture, there are also areas around Sommerach on which other agricultural goods are grown. With the decline of viticulture, those responsible began to convince the Sommeracher to start growing fruit at the turn of the 20th century . As early as 1900 there were 8,164 fruit trees around the place. In 1946, as many as 38 apricot and peach trees can be identified, although stone fruits were mostly planted . The peak was reached in 1965 when there were 13,233 fruit trees. The designation of new building areas, the resurgence of viticulture and, last but not least, a dramatic drop in prices caused fruit growing to decline from the 1970s.
Classic arable farming does not play a major role in Sommerach; corresponding areas are leased to foreign farmers. The cultivation of special crops experienced a brief boom . At weddings there were around 22 hectares of asparagus around Sommerach. The sandy soils were exhausted after a short time. The village was also only briefly influenced by the cultivation of cucumbers . Around 1960 Wilhelm Heinlein converted a factory in the street “Am Leitersberg” into a cucumber processing company. Today there are no more cucumber fields.
The forestry today plays a subordinate role. With the Spessart, Sommerach has a community forest that extends on the eastern side of the Main Canal. At least 23.5 hectares of the community area were still occupied by forest in 1990. In the post-war period, the Spessart was reforested. So 80,000 pines and 20,000 spruces were planted . Since 2001, the forest is the forest manager of the city Volkach with care. In the future one wants to increase the population of hardwoods.
Other branches of industry
In Sommerach there are several smaller businesses that are spread across the municipality. Above all, the craft is represented. In addition, there is a larger bus company in town with HZ-Reisen. The company was founded in the 1940s by Arthur Heinlein and his wife Mathilde, later their daughter Brigitte Heinlein-Zehnter took over the business. In contrast, there are mostly retail and service shops in the nearby central center of Volkach.
In the 20th century, Sommerach was also characterized by its sandstone quarries , the remains of which can still be found around the Leitersberg. In 1932, a company from Volkach initially submitted an application to be allowed to break stones in Sommerach, but stone mining quickly lost its importance over the course of the century. Sand and gravel extraction on the Main is still an economic factor today. The company Lenz-Ziegler-Reifenscheid from Kitzingen has been mining sand along the river since 1956. This created the quarry ponds around the village.
As early as the 1880s, a Raiffeisen Association was established in Sommerach, which was intended to act as an emergency and auxiliary fund, especially to grant the winegrowers quick loans . In the course of the 20th century, the cash register developed into a real bank , from 1981 the heads of the association were called bank directors. In 1960 they moved into a large building in what is now Raiffeisenstrasse. In 1999 the company merged with Raiffeisenbank Fränkisches Weinland eG. from the neighboring Nordheim. Today there is a branch of the Raiffeisenbank Volkacher Mainschleife - Wiesentheid in the village.
traffic
In terms of traffic, Sommerach is rather insignificant. In the past, no major roads ran through the town. The forerunner of today's State Road 2271 bypassed the remote Sommerach in the 17th century and shortened over the so-called Ölgrund between Volkach and Gerlachshausen. Nevertheless, the place was connected by several roads to the monastery Münsterschwarzach, Nordheim, Volkach and connected to Neuses am Berg via the Main.
Sommerach also owned a Main ferry for centuries , but it was not that important for the development of the place. The ferry was first mentioned in a document as early as the 17th century. Pilgrims in particular came to the Maria im Sand church in Dettelbach via the ferry . The ferry was leased by the municipality to so-called inventory , who earned their living from the trips. The Main ferry was shut down in 1959, but had already lost its importance in previous years.
However, the location on the Main continued to be of great importance for the community. However, since the 1950s the Main Canal between Volkach and Gerlachshausen has become an economic factor. In Sommerach, however, there is no landing stage for cruise ships ; instead, excursion traffic from ships is regulated via the central landing stage in nearby Volkach (so-called Main Loop Route). In the so-called Altmain , only small vehicles without an engine drive.
Sommerach can now be reached on the road via the district roads KT 29 and KT 57 , and state road 2271 has also been a bypass road in the east of the district since 1997. District road 29 branches off the state road on the eastern side of the Main Canal shortly before the Gerlachshausen lock and runs through the old town as a main road and Nordheimer road, before it continues in the north-west towards Nordheim. The district road KT 57 has been the local connection Sommerach-Dimbach since 1971, crosses the new development areas of Sommerach and ends as Volkacher Straße in the north of the core village.
Two bridges over the Main Canal are in the Sommerach district. After its construction in the 1950s, the Dimbach Canal Bridge had to be extensively renewed in 1986, with the structure also being provided with a pedestrian staircase in 1988. The bridge on the Ried is particularly important for agricultural traffic. State road 2271 was planned as a bypass road from the 1990s and largely bypasses the built-up area of the village. The feared loss of importance due to the relocation of the route did not occur.
Sommerach can only be reached by bus from Würzburg, Kitzingen and Volkach. The OVF lines 8108 Würzburg- Dettelbach-Bhf- Nordheim and 8110 Kitzingen-Dettelbach / Schwarzach- Nordheim go to the Weininsel and stop at Sommerach Raiffeisenstraße. Line 8287 runs between Volkach and Wiesentheid and is mainly used as a school bus . In addition, the tourist Mainschleifenshuttle travels to the community with its line 105 in the summer months.
The Franconian Marienweg runs through Sommerach .
education
| List of school principals (from 1937) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Surname | Term of office | ||||||
| Karl Fischer | 1937-1959 | ||||||
| Josef Schuller | 1961-1974 | ||||||
| Rainer Fritsch | 1974-2001 | ||||||
| Klaus Kram | 2002-2007 | ||||||
| Gudrun Albrecht-Drechsler | 2007-2011 | ||||||
| Andrea Riedmann | 2011 – today | ||||||
In Sommerach there is a kindergarten for early childhood education and a primary school . Already in the late Middle Ages , 1491, a "schoolmaster" was mentioned in the village. At that time he swore an oath to the abbot of Münsterschwarzach , because his school was closely related to the church. The residents voluntarily sent their children to school because they had to pay high school fees. In the 16th century the schoolmaster was given an assistant, and later a second teaching position was created.
In 1774, with the adoption of the high school regulations from Würzburg, the authorities' attempts to standardize the school system and to allow all residents of Sommerach to receive schooling began. At that time the school was housed in the town hall, which was expanded several times in the 19th century. Since 1920 a real “elementary school” was housed in the town hall exclusively for younger students.
The kindergarten in Sommerach came into being at the same time as the St. Valentinus Association changed its objectives in 1919. Founded as a Christian fraternity, the establishment of a kindergarten was now considered. In 1919 three sisters of the divine Savior from Würzburg moved into premises in Hauptstrasse. The sisters looked after the small children until 1972 . In 1974 the kindergarten was temporarily sponsored by the world, today it is part of the Caritas Association . In 1978 and 1995 the area of the kindergarten in Nordheimer Straße was expanded.
The Sommerach schoolhouse in Raiffeisenstraße, which still exists today, was built between 1963 and 1966. Before that, attempts had already been made to establish an agricultural vocational school in Sommerach. At least in 1957 a third teaching position had been obtained. The Sommerachers founded their own school association in 1966, which the Dimbachers quickly joined. Nordheim am Main joined the school association in 1969. Today only Nordheim and Sommerach form a school district . Students are taught here up to fourth grade.
The higher education takes place in the nearby middle center Volkach with the girls' secondary school of the Dillinger Franciscan Sisters . In the Volkach district of Gaibach there is the Franken-Landschulheim Schloss Gaibach, a grammar school with secondary school and boarding school. The Steigerwald-Landschulheim in Wiesentheid is also close to Sommerach. In addition, the pupils can visit the private monastery high school in Münsterschwarzach.
Associations and associations
Despite the small size of the place, there are several clubs in Sommerach. The oldest is probably the music association, which was founded in 1824 as the second oldest music association in Bavaria. In the period that followed, the association was supported in particular by the village teachers. A youth wind orchestra was founded in 1965, a brass band in 1976 and a youth choir was established by 1991. The music association accompanies church celebrations and organizes its own concerts in spring, in the run-up to Christmas and on New Year's Eve .
The voluntary fire brigade has existed since 1867 and was the first establishment of a defense in the Gerolzhofen district office. A major fire was the trigger for the foundation. In 1872 the fire brigade joined the Bavarian state association. Between 1874 and 1915 the defense was organized as a compulsory fire brigade . In 1970 they moved into the fire station on Raiffeisenstrasse, which was expanded in 1995. Today the fire brigade has four vehicles: a multi-purpose transport vehicle (MZF), a fire fighting vehicle (LF 8/6 with THL), a towing ladder (AL 18) and a fire brigade trailer (FwA-SA250). Acting commander is Andreas Drescher.
The sports club has its predecessor in FC Victoria Sommerach, which was founded in 1923. In 1928 they joined the DJK Federal Association , so that the association today SV-DJK Sommerach 1928 e. V. is called. After a ban during National Socialism, the club was re-established as FC Sommerach in 1946, and in 1961 it was renamed SV Sommerach. The sports grounds south of the village have been built since the 1980s. At times the association comprised eight departments. In addition to the football department, there is also a shooting department today.
Other associations in Sommerach are (in alphabetical order): The Weininsel Anglers ' Association , the Bavarian Farmers' Association , the "Eintracht" boys ' association , the rural women 's group , the Red Cross, the "Auslese" senior citizens' club, the Valentinus Association, the local, fruit and vegetable association . Garden maintenance, the VdK local association and the viticulture and tourism association. The viticulture association was founded in 1947 and from 1977 helped organize the Sommerach wine festivals.
Personalities
Sons and daughters of the place
Over the centuries, the community of Sommerach produced a large number of famous men and women who are still well known today through their work. The village did not have its own local nobility, which had the chance to rise, especially during the Middle Ages. So the first known Sommeracher from the 17th century are handed down. Many succeeded in gaining fame through a career in the church.
The oldest known Sommeracher is the abbot Gottfried Bischof (around 1619–1688). He joined the Premonstratensian Order at the age of 22 and soon rose to become head of the Oberzell monastery near Würzburg. Johann Martin Fegelein (1669–1729), on the other hand, became the capitular in the Haug collegiate monastery in Würzburg. He thus occupied an important role for the canons. Ildefons Barth (1698–1757) was born as Franz Christoph Barth in Sommerach. He became a Benedictine abbot in the Weißenohe monastery.
In the 18th century, social advancement was still reserved for priests in particular. Georg Adam Büttner (1714–1779) was promoted to vicar general, Angelicus Erhard (gen. 1753) was provincial of the Franconian Capuchins . However, the place with the chemist and pharmacist Johann Georg Pickel (1751-1838) and the physician Georg Michael Fegelein (1777-1814) also produced scientists. A street was even named after Pickel. Kaspar Metzger (1777–1828) even rose to be Rector Magnificus of the University of Würzburg .
The Utz family is particularly important for the place, as they produced several personalities who rose above all in the spiritual realm. Burkhard Utz (1892–1960) joined the Münsterschwarzach Abbey and in 1937 rose to become the second abbot since it was re-established. Josef Weidinger (1867–1942) became Vicar General of the Diocese of Würzburg in 1922 and was at times under discussion to succeed Bishop Ferdinand Schlör. Norbert Röhm (1923–2005) was an important missionary in Namibia and South Africa .
With the resurgence of viticulture in the second half of the 20th century, Sommerach came from several so-called wine sovereigns, women who rose to become Franconian wine queens. Sommerach produced a total of four women who carried this title. This makes the wine-growing community, together with Escherndorf , the community that produced the third most royalty. Two women were later elected German Wine Queen .
- Irmgard Gündert, Franconian Wine Queen 1980/1981
- Karin Molitor-Hartmann, Franconian Wine Queen 1982/1983 (German Wine Queen 1982/1983)
- Michaela Heusinger, Franconian Wine Queen 1998/1999
- Nicole Then (* 1980), Franconian Wine Queen 2003/2004 (German Wine Queen 2003/2004), Then is now a well-known radio presenter
Connected with Sommerach
Several famous people are linked to Sommerach through their jobs or childhood. During the 17th century, a particularly large number of former priests of the Eucharius Church were elected as abbots of the Münsterschwarzach monastery. It was Nicholas III. Molitor (1600–1640), who worked here from 1639 to 1640, Silvanus Speht (1611–1646), who was a pastor in Sommerach in 1641, Plazidus I. Büchs (1627–1691), priest from 1666 to 1672, Augustin Voit ( 1643–1704) and Bernhard Reyder (1652–1717). Probably only Sommerach with its wall offered a certain security during the Thirty Years War. → see also: Pastor of St. Eucharius
Also in the 17th century, the sculptor Matthias Sporer (1682–1732) in Sommerach appeared in the sources . With the four-tube fountain and the figure of St. George, he created one of his early works in the town. In 1711 Sporer married the Sommerach widow Katharina Engert and moved with her into house no. 24 on today's Kirchplatz. His works include a column in the Iphöfer town hall and the predecessor of the pulpit in the Volkach Bartholomäuskirche . Sporer died at the age of fifty in 1732 in Sommerach.
Unlike in many other places in the area, Sommerach has had a distinctive local historiography since the beginning of the 20th century. The school teacher Josef Scherg and the local pastor Dionys Först published the first story of the village of Sommerach am Main . It was supplemented in 1950 by beneficiary Melchior Joseph Berberich, who resided between 1934 and 1955 in the beneficiary's house next to the church. The chronicle of the 21st century was written by the grammar school teacher Winfried Kraus (* 1947), who grew up in Sommerach.
In the 1980s, Siegfried Naser (* 1951) helped shape the politics of the municipality as the district administrator of the Kitzingen district. He was born in Iphofen, but grew up in Sommerach from 1960. Naser co-founded the Junge Union in 1967 and passed his Abitur in 1970 in the Franken-Landschulheim Schloss Gaibach. Naser came up with the plan to convert the old Volkach-Sommerach connecting road into an avenue. The Mainschleifenallee was therefore popularly known as "Siggi-Allee".
Honorary citizen
In total, the community of Sommerach awarded seven people honorary citizenship . In particular, the local parish priests , teachers and mayors were granted honorary citizenship. The first honorary citizen was the local pastor Dionys Först (* 1848), who wrote the first chronicle of Sommerach together with the school teacher Josef Scherg. He had also rendered services to the community, their school and the church in other ways. He was awarded on July 10, 1898.
With pastor Simon Rothermilch, who had already held the office of pastor between 1850 and 1859. He was honored on December 17, 1905 and also received a free grave in the local cemetery. August Falkenstein († 1964) was the third pastor of the Eucharius Church to become an honorary citizen. He received the award on December 27, 1948 because of his 25 years of service in the community. Falkenstein was chairman of the football and Valentinus clubs and was appointed to the clergy in 1956 .
After Adolf Hitler was elected Chancellor , the community quickly urged him to make Sommerach an honorary citizen. As early as April 11, 1933, Hitler was granted honorary citizenship. Long-time President Paul von Hindenburg received the award on the same day . He thanked the congregation in a letter for the honor. It is not known when Hitler and / or Hindenburg were stripped of their honorary citizenship.
Two mayors were also made honorary citizens of Sommerach. On November 29, 1960, Franz Weickert was honored, who had helped shape the post-war period in the community in two terms of office. Johann Streng († 1997) received the award in 1985. In the 1970s, he pushed ahead with land consolidation , thereby decisively promoting the revival of viticulture. In 1984 he had already been awarded the Federal Cross of Merit on ribbon . In 1981 his community had given him the honorary title of " former mayor ".
literature
Literature about Sommerach
- Melchior Joseph Berberich: History of the village of Sommerach am Main . Volkach 1950.
- Holger Denecke, Marianne Denecke (eds.): Villa Sommerach. An ensemble on the Main . Regensburg 2007.
- Ute Feuerbach: The Gasthof zur Schwane in Sommerach 1832/33 - A meeting place for Lower Franconian revolutionaries? . In: Holger Denecke, Marianne Denecke (eds.): Villa Sommerach. An ensemble on the Main . Regensburg 2007. pp. 44-50.
- Dionys Först, Theodor Scherg: History of the village of Sommerach am Main . Wuerzburg 1902.
- Elmar Hochholzer: Sommerach and the wine . In: Winzerkeller Sommerach eG (ed.): 100 years of Winzerkeller Sommerach eG. 1901-2001. An anniversary publication . Münsterschwarzach 2001. pp. 6-9.
- Elmar Hochholzer: From winegrowers' association to wine cellar . In: Winzerkeller Sommerach eG (ed.): 100 years of Winzerkeller Sommerach eG. 1901-2001. An anniversary publication . Münsterschwarzach 2001. pp. 10-22.
- Winfried Kraus: Sommerach. New chronicle of the romantic wine village on the Mainschleife . Sommerach 2007.
- Reinhold Prowald: Sommerach with special attention to viticulture. Allow . Wuerzburg 1969.
- Rüdiger Schuller: Studies on the history of the wine cooperative Sommerach am Main. Allow . Wuerzburg 1978.
- Theo Steinbrenner: Theo Steinbrenner's Tower Museum, Sommerach. Brochure .
Other literature used
- Hans Bauer: Old and new coats of arms in the Kitzingen district . In: Yearbook of the district of Kitzingen 1980. In the spell of the Schwanberg . Kitzingen 1980. pp. 53-70.
- Hans Bauer: District of Kitzingen. An art and culture guide . Market wide 1993.
- Hans Bauer, Friedrich Grosch, Karl Schneider: wayside shrines, stone crosses and other small monuments in the Kitzingen district. Part 2 . Mainbernheim 1979.
- Franziskus Büll: The importance of viticulture for the Benedictine abbey Münsterschwarzach . In: Historical Section of the Bavarian Benedictine Academy (ed.): Studies and communications on the history of the Benedictine order and its branches, Vol. 119/2008 . St. Ottilien 2008. pp. 189-221.
- Georg Dehio: Handbook of the German art monuments. Bavaria I: Franconia . Munich and Berlin 1999.
- Gerhard Egert: The place names as a historical settlement source. Situation structure and interpretation . In: Ute Feuerbach (Ed.): Volkach. 906-2006 . Volkach 2006. pp. 11-16.
- Gerhard Egert: The political spatial planning in the area of the Volkacher Mainschleife around 1814 . Ute Feuerbach (Ed.): Our Main Loop. 1978-1992 . Volkach 2008. pp. 267-270.
- Gerhard Egert: On the history of fruit growing on the Mainschleife 1700–1900 . In: Ute Feuerbach (Ed.): Our Main Loop. 1978-1992 . Volkach 2008. pp. 47-58.
- Barbara Holtz: The vineyard names in the Kitzingen district . In: Andreas Pampuch (ed.): Nature and landscape of the district of Kitzingen, Vol. 2 . Kitzingen 1981/1982. Pp. 124-160.
- Johann Ludwig Klarmann: The Steigerwald in the past. A contribution to Franconian cultural studies . Gerolzhofen 2 1909.
- Johann Ludwig Klarmann, Karl Spiegel: Legends and sketches from the Steigerwald. Reprint of the 1912 edition . Neustadt an der Aisch 1982.
- Hans-Eckhard Lindemann: Historic town centers in Main Franconia. Story structure development . Munich 1989.
- Franz Pfrang: The history of viticulture on the Main loop . In: Ute Feuerbach (Ed.): Our Main Loop. 1978-1992 . Volkach 2008. pp. 23-28.
- Franz Pfrang: The Jews in the Volkach area . In: Ute Feuerbach (Ed.): Our Main Loop. 1978-1992 . Volkach 2008. pp. 70-80.
- Erwin Probst: Vogt and Lord of the village and field. Contributions to the history of legal life in the former monastery Blackachian bailiwick villages . In: Studia Suarzacensia. Contributions to the history of the Münsterschwarzach Abbey on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of its resettlement (= Würzburg diocesan history sheets 25th vol.) . Münsterschwarzach 1963. pp. 145–168.
- Helmut A. Seidl: Nuremberg trinkets go all over the country: proverbial portraits of Franconian places . Regensburg 2012.
- Erika Stadler: Winegrowing traditions on the Mainschleife - then and now . In: Ute Feuerbach (Ed.): Our Main Loop. 1978-1992 . Volkach 2008. pp. 134-145.
- Karl Treutwein : From Abtswind to Zeilitzheim. History, sights, traditions . Volkach 4 1987.
Web links
- Official website of the community of Sommerach
- Entry on the coat of arms of Sommerach in the database of the House of Bavarian History
Individual evidence
- ↑ "Data 2" sheet, Statistical Report A1200C 202041 Population of the municipalities, districts and administrative districts 1st quarter 2020 (population based on the 2011 census) ( help ).
- ↑ Geography Giersbeck: Map 152 Würzburg , PDF file, accessed on January 8, 2019.
- ↑ State Office for the Environment: Volkacher Mainschleife , PDF file, accessed on November 29, 2018.
- ↑ Climate data for Sommerach: Climate-Data , accessed on March 3, 2019.
- ↑ a b Bavarian State Office for Statistics: Statistics communal Sommerach , PDF file, p. 13, accessed on February 24, 2019.
- ↑ Kraus, Winfried: Sommerach . P. 54.
- ↑ Prowald, Reinhold: Sommerach with special focus on viticulture . P. 28.
- ↑ Denecke, Holger (among others): Villa Sommerach . P. 9.
- ↑ Kraus, Winfried: Sommerach . P. 21 f.
- ^ Berberich, Melchior Joseph: History of the village of Sommerach am Main . P. 8.
- ↑ Krause, Winfried: Sommerach . P. 24.
- ↑ Kraus, Winfried: Sommerach . P. 25.
- ↑ Denecke, Holger (among others): Villa Sommerach . P. 15.
- ^ Pfrang, Franz: The Jews in the Volkach area . P. 72.
- ↑ Feuerbach, Ute: The Gasthof zur Schwane in Sommerach 1832/33 . P. 50.
- ^ Berberich, Melchior Joseph: History of the village of Sommerach am Main . P. 29.
- ↑ Krause, Winfried: Sommerach . P. 27.
- ↑ Kraus, Winfried: Sommerach . P. 33.
- ↑ Kraus, Winfried: Sommerach . P. 44.
- ^ Egert, Gerhard: The place names as a historical settlement source . P. 11 f.
- ^ Hochholzer, Elmar: Sommerach and the wine . P. 6.
- ↑ Seidl, Helmut A .: Nuremberg trinkets go all over the country . P. 186.
- ^ Egert, Gerhard: The political spatial planning in the area of the Volkacher Mainschleife around 1814 . P. 269.
- ↑ Kraus, Winfried: Sommerach . P. 56 f.
- ^ Berberich, Melchior Joseph: History of the village of Sommerach am Main . P. 9 f.
- ↑ Local election 2020 City of Volkach: Community of Sommerach , accessed on March 17, 2020.
- ↑ Kraus, Winfried: Sommerach . Pp. 78-86.
- ↑ Bavarian State Office for Statistics: Statistics communal Sommerach , PDF file, p. 10, accessed on July 19, 2019.
- ↑ Kraus, Winfried: Sommerach . P. 85.
- ^ Bauer, Hans: Old and new coats of arms in the district of Kitzingen . P. 67.
- ↑ See: Lindemann, Hans-Eckhard: Historische Ortskerne in Mainfranken . P. 49 f.
- ↑ Kraus, Winfried: Sommerach . P. 131.
- ↑ Kraus, Winfried: Sommerach . Pp. 115-120.
- ↑ Denecke, Holger (among others): Villa Sommerach . P. 16.
- ↑ Kraus, Winfried: Sommerach . P. 111.
- ^ Bauer, Hans (among others): wayside shrines and stone crosses . Pp. 70-77.
- ↑ Kraus, Winfried: Sommerach . P. 163 f.
- ↑ Kraus, Winfried: Sommerach . Pp. 177-179.
- ↑ Kraus, Winfried: Sommerach . Pp. 198-200.
- ↑ Kraus, Winfried: Sommerach . P. 561.
- ^ Treutwein, Karl: From Abtswind to Zeilitzheim . P. 219 f.
- ^ Government of Lower Franconia: Vineyards in Bavaria structured by areas , PDF file, p. 10, accessed on February 18, 2019.
- ^ Büll, Franziskus: The importance of viticulture for the Benedictine abbey Münsterschwarzach . P. 212 f.
- ↑ Prowald, Reinhold: Sommerach with special focus on viticulture . P. 42.
- ↑ Kraus, Winfried: Sommerach . P. 357.
- ↑ See: Hochholzer, Elmar: From the winegrowers' association to the wine cellar .
- ^ Bauer, Hans: District of Kitzingen . P. 191.
- ^ Nordheim-Main: Weinschleife vineyards , accessed on March 1, 2019.
- ↑ Bavarian State Office for Statistics: Statistics communal Sommerach , PDF file, p. 13, accessed on February 24, 2019.
- ↑ Kraus, Winfried: Sommerach . P. 226 f.
- ↑ Kraus, Winfried: Sommerach . P. 228.
- ↑ Kraus, Winfried: Sommerach . P. 329.
- ↑ HZ Reisen: Our team , accessed on July 22, 2019.
- ↑ Kraus, Winfried: Sommerach . P. 334.
- ↑ Kraus, Winfried: Sommerach . P. 319 f.
- ↑ Kraus, Winfried: Sommerach . P. 214.
- ↑ Kraus, Winfried: Sommerach . P. 488.
- ↑ Kraus, Winfried: Sommerach . P. 220.
- ↑ Kraus, Winfried: Sommerach . P. 410.
- ↑ KFV Kitzingen: Sommerach volunteer fire brigade , accessed on July 22, 2019.
- ↑ Sommerach: Clubs in Sommerach , accessed on July 22, 2019.
- ↑ Klarmann, Johann Ludwig: The Steigerwald in the past . P. 210.
- ↑ Kraus, Winfried: Sommerach . Pp. 61-65.
- ↑ Kraus, Winfried: Sommerach . P. 121.
- ↑ Kraus, Winfried: Sommerach . P. 70.
- ↑ Kraus, Winfried: Sommerach . P. 84.
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