Sennfelder Seenkranz
| Sennfelder Seenkranz | ||
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Black Hole, part of the Sennfelder Seenkranz |
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| Geographical location |
Southwest German step country
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| Tributaries | Reichelshofer Graben, Langenerlachsgraben | |
| Drain | Saumain → Main → Rhine → North Sea | |
| Places on the shore |
Sennfeld Schweinfurt |
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| Data | ||
| Coordinates | 50 ° 2 '36 " N , 10 ° 15' 21" E | |
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| Altitude above sea level | 206 m above sea level NHN | |
| surface | 10 ha | |
| length | 2.25 km ( linear distance) 2.85 km (true length) |
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| width | 75 m | |
| scope | 6 km (shore length of all lakes) | |
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particularities |
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The Sennfelder lakes wreath (also: Sennfelder Lake District or Old Main ) is a backwater of the River Main in Sennfeld in the Lower Franconian district of Schweinfurt and bordered partly to the independent city of Schweinfurt . Its largest bodies of water are the Sennfelder See and the Black Hole (also: cold water ). The Sennfelder Seenkranz is a section of the Altmain , belongs mainly to the Mainau landscape conservation area near Sennfeld and has one of the largest natural thermal lakes in Germany.
At the height of the Sennfeld Seenkranz, the first ford is believed to have given its name to Schweinfurt. The course and shape of the Altmain were important for the foundation and location of the first Schweinfurt settlement.
location
The Sennfeld Seenkranz lies between the city limits of Schweinfurt in the northwest and the built-up areas and special crops of the municipality of Sennfeld in the southeast. Together with the Schweinfurt city park fortifications, it forms a rounded landscape unit. This area has a length of around 3 km, a maximum width of 750 m and is traversed by a shared network of parks and hiking trails that continue east to the Schonunger Bucht. Sennfelder Seenkranz and Schonunger Bucht are connected by floodplains and lie in the core of the Schweinfurt Main arc .
| Backwaters of the Main: Schweinfurt area & suburbs | |||
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| Name 1 | Type of body of water | place | Main km 2 |
| Forster Bay (L) | Backwater | Sparing | 340.2-339.6 |
| Schonunger Bucht (L) | Former Side arm & quarry ponds | Schonungen & Gochsheim | 339.5-337.6 |
| Sennfelder Seenkranz (L) | Backwater | Sennfeld | 335.1-332.6 |
| Saumain (L) | Old arm | Schweinfurt | 333.0-331.5 |
| Lock channel (L) | channel | Schweinfurt | 332.5-331.5 |
| Oberndorfer Altmainschleife (R) | Silted up backwater | Schweinfurt | 329.3-328.2 |
| Altmainschleife Nord (L) | Backwaters & quarry ponds | Grafenrheinfeld & Bergrheinfeld | 328.2-327.4 |
| Altmainschleife Süd (L) | Backwater | Bergrheinfeld | 326.8-324.9 |
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overview
The Sennfelder Senn wreath consists of seven waters, two of which are lakes , the other five backwater or small ponds . From southwest to northeast these are:
- Unterer Sennfelder See , also Sennfelder See ( location ). 2.50 ha
- Dorfsee ( location ). 3.65 ha, thermal lake
- Zwinger ( location ). 0.85 ha
- Black hole , also cold water ( location ). 2.20 ha
- Long hole ( location ). 0.15 ha
- Round hole ( location ). 0.15 ha
- Altmaar. ( Location ). 0.85 ha
Most waters have a flow in the direction of the Main from east to west. However, contrary to the rule, the waters are always listed against the direction of flow, since the only places in the west are Schweinfurt and Sennfeld and the larger waters.
On most maps, city maps and in Schweinfurt, Unterer Sennfelder See and Dorfsee are referred to together as Sennfelder See . While in Sennfeld the Lower Sennfelder See is mostly only called Sennfelder See and the other six bodies of water are grouped under the generic term Alter Main . The fourth body of water is called Cold Water in Sennfeld and Black Hole in Schweinfurt . The terms Dorfsee and Kaltes Wasser are unknown in Schweinfurt.
Description of the sea wreath
Sections of the Seenkranz have the characteristics of stagnant waters and , elsewhere, of flowing waters with a visible flow, and are drained into the Saumain via a coherent stream system to the southwest . The source height is 207.00 m above sea level and the mouth height is 205.50 m above sea level.
The lakes are fed by streams and springs on the lake floor. The lakes wreath heard except for the far greater part of the village lake, since 1993 to 50.01 hectares of conservation area Mainauelandschaft in Sennfeld (LSG 00473.01). Two bridges for vehicles and two pedestrian walkways cross the Sennfelder Seenkranz and create the connection between the village and the Sennfelder corridors northwest of the Seenkranz and the nearby Schweinfurt city park fortifications .
The Sennfelder Seenkranz serves as an emergency drain in the event of flooding , relieves the Main and contributes to the fact that the built-up area of Schweinfurt has not yet been flooded by the Main. Bad Sennfeld is 750 m east of the Sennfelder Seenkranz . Since the end of the spa operation in the 1950s, the healing water has been flowing unused into the village lake.
Description of the seven waters
Lower Sennfelder See
Height above sea level: 205.50 m above sea level, area: 2.50 ha, length: 485 m, width: 63 m
The western part of the elongated Sennfelder See, which is also called Unterer Sennfelder See to distinguish it from its eastern part , has, like its eastern part, the character of a lake .
The Untere Sennfelder See begins not far east of the Schweinfurt Ludwigsbrücke , which crosses the outflow of the Sennfelder Seenkranz. This is a nameless stream that then flows between two carp ponds and flows into the Saumain 250 m west of the bridge . Since the wreath of lakes serves as an emergency drainage of the Main during high tide , the stream sometimes swells into a raging stream that pours into the Saumain. The Lower Sennfelder lake is wide at both ends of a piece of silted . On the original cadastre from the 19th century, it was longer, especially in a westerly direction, and extended as an outflow from the lake under the Ludwigsbrücke to the Schweinfurt area. The neighboring Saumain was called Alter Main .
Village lake
Height above sea level: 205.50 m above sea level, area: 3.65 ha, length: 690 m, width: 75 m
Today, the Dorfsee is one of the largest natural thermal lakes in Germany. It forms the eastern part of the Sennfelder See and was once called Im See . The village lake is fed by the Langenerlachsgraben, which previously leads through a pond ( location ) that is located northeast next to the lake. The pond is not counted as part of the Sennfelder Seenkranz, as it only consists of natural waters. Like the Untere Sennfelder See, the Dorfsee has silted up a bit at both ends compared to the original cadastre. In the 19th century, the two lakes were only separated by a narrow strip of land and the connecting stream between the lakes was correspondingly shorter.
The village lake is u. a fed by warm springs from the lake bed. In 1809 the spa and bathing operations began in nearby Bad Sennfeld , for which 14 thermal springs were framed in the village lake. The spa operation was discontinued in the 1950s.
In the village lake, not far from the southeastern bank on Schweizer Straße, a cross points to the disaster of 1861, when a fully occupied boat from Sennfeld citizens capsized here at the end of January and 21 people lost their lives in the icy water.
A lido is located on the southeastern bank, on the edge of the historic village center (Schweizer Strasse / Am Hexenbrünnlein). Another lido on the opposite bank is currently not in operation. On the western bank of the village lake , still in the Sennfelder district, there is a large leisure facility with tennis courts, which was originally built as a recreational facility for employees of the Swedish Ball Bearing Factory (SKF) in Schweinfurt.
Kennel
Height above sea level: 206.60 m above sea level, area: 0.85 ha, length: 375 m, width: 25 m
The kennel is located in the Muckenbaum riparian forest , which is why this section of the lake wreath is sometimes incorrectly referred to as Muckenbaum . The kennel is very narrow and elongated, largely covered by aquatic plants and a typical, near-natural oxbow lake .
Zwinger and Dorfsee are connected to one another by the Kulturgraben (also: Dorfgraben ). Up to 150 liters per second flow through it to the village lake.
Black hole (cold water)
Height above sea level: 207.00 m above sea level, area: 2.20 ha, length: 640 m, width: 45 m
The body of water is located southeast of the Schweinfurt city park, weir systems, which stretch 2.5 km along the Main and here only have the character of a forest park .
The black hole has a similar character to the kennel, but is not structured quite as naturally and only covered in small areas by aquatic plants. The terms black and hole both indicate the dark color of the water surface. With a visible flow , the black hole has more of the character of a flowing water . There are springs from the shell limestone, which feed the Sennfelder Seenkranz with groundwater, which is why this part of the Seenkranz rarely freezes over.
According to Schweinfurt legend, the Wassernix used to live in the Black Hole with his three daughters.
Long hole
Height above sea level: 207.00 m above sea level, area: 0.15 ha, length: 90 m, width: 15 m
The small pond and the following round hole are the smallest bodies of water in the lake ring. Like the black hole, the pond has a dark surface color, which is also indicated by the name hole . It is free from aquatic plants.
Round hole
Height above sea level: 207.00 m above sea level, area: 0.15 ha, length: 60 m, width: 30 m
The round hole has the same character as the long hole. The small pond forms the eastern end of the Sennfelder Seenkranzes on the Auwiese Johannesfleck , the last Sennfeld corridor before the municipality of Schonungen . The round hole is fed by the Reichelshofer Graben. This is also where the eastern foothills of the city park fortifications ends not far north.
Altmaar
Height above sea level: 207.00 m above sea level, area: 0.85 ha, length: 320 m, width: 30 m
The body of water (see picture: Black Hole ) is located off the main course of the Old Main, east of the Zwinger and once formed a southern branch of the Altmain. It has a similar character to the black hole and is free from aquatic plants. The Altmaar is fed by a brook that rises in the Hellelohe riparian forest not far to the east . On topographical maps, the Altmaar is incorrectly drawn in the form of two ponds, which are separated from each other in the middle, while the current aerial photo shows a body of water flowing through. The Altmaar is surrounded by strips of alluvial forest, can be reached via a wooden walkway but cannot be seen from the outside. This is why the remote oxbow lake is largely unknown and unseen by locals.
Biotope network 2000
Since 1994, the community of Sennfeld has been working on a coherent biotope network from the Main (LSG Mainauelandschaft near Sennfeld ; see: Description of the Seenkranzes ) to the neighboring district boundary of Gochsheim . Over a length of 5.2 km, the exchange and acquisition of land enabled a green bond of biodiversity .
The planting of tall deciduous trees , especially old types of fruit, woody plants and native wild bushes , are characteristic of the landscape today. In addition to the design of poor and humid locations, meadows with a high proportion of herbs and flowering plants were sown, ponds and ponds were created as biotope islands and orchards . Terrain modeling created depressions and elevations.
Course of the Altmain
Water structure
The Main is from its rivers Type a gravel Embossed power the ecoregion mountain range . It ran in the Schweinfurt area in wide flood plains with multi-bed channels. Fords , islands and splits in the course of the river are common here, the bottom consists mainly of gravel with a small amount of sand. Deadwood, mostly in the form of overturned trees, is abundant.
history
It is believed that the eastern connection of the Altmain to the northern main stream along the impact slope of the Schweinfurt Rhön was still present at the time Schweinfurt was founded more than 1300 years ago. The Schweinfurt old town and the previous settlements, which are dated to the year 650 AD, were not located on the Altmain, but only extended 2 km along the main river. On the Merian engraving from 1656, there is no longer a confluence of the Altmain into the Saumain (at the lower edge of the picture), which today only exists as a stream.
Altmain between Schonunger Bucht and Sennfelder Seenkranz
The Altmain connected the Schonunger Bucht with the Sennfelder Seenkranz. On the first topographic map (from 1817) the course of the Altmainbogen between the two bodies of water, through the meadow meadows south of the Main, is still easy to understand.
Viewed upstream, the course was as follows: the Altmaar tributary and the Zwinger – Schwarzes Loch main arm reunited to form a river at the eastern end of the lake ring at the Langen Loch. From then on, this led in an arch in a depression between one and two meters deep, roughly along the southern border of the Mainberg district, into the Schonunger Bucht. Today's district is still based on the Altmain and therefore has an unpopulated, left-Main Main area. The arched depression lies below the 210-meter contour line, in the south of the Hofwiesen corridor . The long, arched dirt road there follows the north bank of the former tributary. The wells of the drinking water supply of the city of Schweinfurt are all located outside the lower, silted up and silted up area of the Altmain. Today's aerial photo also shows the course of the Altmain through the cut of the fields that follow the former bend of the river.
Former northern river island
A long river island existed between the former side arm (today's Altmain) and the main stream, which is still visible today during floods. When there is a strong flood, it breaks up into small islands. The island was at the (present-day) terrain level of approx. 210 m above sea level, approx. 4 m above the water level of the Sennfelder Seenkranz and approx. 2.5 m above the level of the Main, which is now dammed up into a major shipping route . This island is also visible through the eastern, elongated area of the statistical city district 51 (see right: red area). This area only includes the slightly higher alluvial forest areas of the weir systems , while the lower, south-eastern meadow meadows belong to Sennfeld.
Also the name Wehr , which appears on the historical map and a. is still referred to as Wöhrth , is another name for Werder , a topographic name for river islands. Whereas the name Wehranlagen, according to the generally widespread interpretation up to now , is supposed to be derived from a weir , which, according to its shape , is said to come from the so-called elephant hump, which separates today's main arm of the Main from the Saumain . Which is questionable, since this field name extends 2 km from the elephant hump to the east and only covers the area of the former river island, which is still visible today during major floods.
The former river island can also be traced back to the historical land names on both sides of the city limits; these are upstream of the main:
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on the Schweinfurt side (red area coloring):
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on the eastern Sennfelder side:
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Therefore, it is also conceivable that the name Sennfeld comes from Seenfeld . Also Wasen is an indication of the former, flooded, eastern lowlands. The name stands for wet wasteland .
The course of the Altmain or the former tributary also explains the Sennfeld municipal boundary, which is incomprehensible from today's perspective, which runs along District 51 (red area), but nowhere borders on today's Main.
Altmaininsel Kühwehr
The area of the former island is completely surrounded by a ring of (former) waters and a swamp ditch.
- West: kennel
- North: Black Hole
- East: Swamp trench in a strip of forest at the level of the eastern end of the black hole. It can be recognized by contour lines on a topographic map.
- Southeast: Eastern part of the Altmaar , which no longer exists today and is still marked on a historical map from the 19th century.
- Southwest: western area of the Altmaar that still exists today.
On the topographical map from 1890, the island, which no longer existed at the time, can still be clearly traced, as a white spot surrounded by green meadows. The further course of the Altmainbogen, with its connection to the Schonunger Bucht to the east, is clearly recognizable by the green meadows. The name Kühwehr also indicates a river island that served as a cow pasture.
See also
literature
- Topographic map Bavaria 1: 25,000 - Sheet No. 5927 Schweinfurt . State Office for Surveying Bavaria, Munich 2011, ISBN 978-3-86038-820-4
Web links
- Sennfelder Seenkranz
- Sennfeld: Leisure & Recreation
- Location of the Sennfelder Seenkranz on the topographic map of the BayernAtlas (M = 1: 10,000)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Brigitte Schwenzer: Geographical land survey: The natural space units on sheet 140 Schweinfurt. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1968. → Online map (PDF; 4.3 MB)
- ↑ a b list: "Natural thermal springs of the earth", Sennfeld. Retrieved December 29, 2017 .
- ↑ a b See: Schweinfurt # Origin of the city name
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am Measured with the help of the BayernAtlas
- ↑ Analogous to the website of the Anglergemeinschaft Sennfeld (accessed on January 4, 2018)
- ↑ Location of the "Mainauelandschaft bei Sennfeld" conservation area. Retrieved December 27, 2017 .
- ↑ BayernAtlas: Urkataster (1808–1864) Ludwigsbrücke area. Retrieved January 10, 2018 .
- ↑ a b BayernAtlas , Urkataster (1808–1864)
- ↑ Daniel Hürst and Siegfried Teuchert: "Get out of here", Sennfeld. Retrieved December 29, 2017 .
- ↑ a b center line of the sea bow in the development
- ↑ a b Municipality of Sennfeld: "Hase and Igel" hiking trail. Retrieved December 28, 2017 .
- ↑ Peter Hofmann: "Schweinfurtführer", "Der Wassernix vom Schwarz Loch". Retrieved December 26, 2017 .
- ^ Peter Hofmann: "Schweinfurtführer", "The three virgins in the black hole". Retrieved December 26, 2017 .
- ↑ BayernAtlas: aerial photo, Altmaar area. Retrieved January 2, 2018 .
- ↑ In and around Schweinfurt.de: "Biotopverbund 2000: Green belt of biodiversity in Sennfeld is completed", February 26, 2014. Accessed on January 11, 2018 .
- ^ Peter Hofmann: "Schweinfurtführer", Alter Main. Retrieved January 5, 2018 .
- ↑ BayernAtlas: Position sheet 1: 25,000, No. 94 Schweinfurt (1842, with later additional entries, including railway lines), Sennfelder Seenkranz / Schonunger Bucht area. Retrieved January 10, 2018 .
- ^ BayernAtlas: topographic map, area Kühwehr, Hofwiesen, Spitalfeld. Retrieved January 6, 2018 .
- ↑ BayernAtlas: aerial photo, fields in the Altmainbogen. Retrieved January 1, 2018 .
- ↑ BayernAtlas , Urkataster (1808–1864)
- ↑ Bavarian Land Survey Office. Topographic map 1: 25,000, sheet no.5927 Schweinfurt . Munich 2005
- ↑ BayernAtlas: Position sheet 1: 25,000, No. 94 Schweinfurt (1842, with later additional entries, including railway lines), Altmaar / Schwarzes Loch area. Retrieved January 10, 2018 .
- ^ BayernAtlas: Topographic map, Kühwehr area. Retrieved January 2, 2018 .
- ↑ BayernAtlas: Topographic map from 1890, area meadows in the Altmainbogen. Retrieved December 21, 2018 .