Schweinfurt Rhön
| Hesselbach woodland | |||
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 Lauerbachtal east of Hambach |
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| Alternative names | Schweinfurt Rhön | ||
| surface | 255.3 km² | ||
| Systematics according to | Handbook of the natural spatial structure of Germany | ||
| Main unit group | 13 → Main Franconian plates |
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| 4th order region (main unit) |
139 → Hesselbacher Waldland |
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| Geographical location | |||
| Coordinates | 50 ° 7 '14.4 " N , 10 ° 18' 32.3" E | ||
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| circle | District of Schweinfurt , District of Haßberge , District of Bad Kissingen , Schweinfurt | ||
| state | Bavaria | ||
The Schweinfurt Rhön is a landscape that is identical to the Hesselbacher Waldland natural area and is sometimes also called Schlettach . The part of the Schweinfurt Rhön belonging to the district of Schweinfurt , together with areas of other landscapes adjacent to it to the north, has recently been referred to as the Schweinfurt Oberland .
Bavaria 's largest national natural heritage is located in the Schweinfurt Rhön
The Schweinfurt Rhön is approximately 255 km² and up to 421 m above sea level. NN located plateau in the Lower Franconian district of Schweinfurt and in the neighboring district of Haßberge to the east , which is cut in the south towards the Main by numerous valleys. It is located northeast of the independent city of Schweinfurt , and to a small extent also within the urban area.
geography
location
and to the Rhön on the horizon on the left (in the haze, 60 kilometers)
About two thirds of the area of the Schweinfurt Rhön is in the Schweinfurt district , the eastern third belongs to the Haßberge district and a small marginal strip in the northwest to the Bad Kissingen district . Furthermore, the independent city of Schweinfurt with its northeastern areas lies in it. The Schweinfurt Rhön is bordered in the south by the valley of the Main , in the west by the valleys of the Marienbach and the upper Wern , in the north by the valley of the upper Lauer and in the east by the Haßgau .
The Vorrhön is 12 kilometers northwest of the northwestern edge of the Schweinfurt Rhön and the Hochrhön 25 kilometers.
Highest points
The highest point of the Schweinfurt Rhön is 421 m above sea level. NN 1 km northeast of Hoppachshof , at the radio tower at the Hoppachshof Golf Academy. Almost everywhere the height of the Schweinfurt Rhön is given too low, including the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation at 416 m above sea level. NN . The highest point within the Haßberge district is 406 m above sea level. NN the Buchner Höhe near the village of Buch and the highest point in the Bad Kissingen district is 387 m above sea level. NN in the Jungholz forest , 3 km southwest of Maßbach .
Natural allocation and structure
The Hesselbacher Waldland is designated as an independent natural spatial main unit within the natural spatial main unit group of the Mainfränkische Platten and is structured as follows:
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(for 13 Main Franconian plates )
- 139 Hesselbach Woodland
- 139.0 Southern Hesselbach woodland
- 139.1 Northern Hesselbach Woodland
- 139 Hesselbach Woodland
The Hesselbacher Waldland is bounded in the south by the main unit 136 Schweinfurt Basin , in the west and northwest by the Wern-Lauer-Platten (135) and in the north and east by Grabfeld (138).
With otherwise the same nature, the different equipment Northern from Southern Hesselbacher Woodland by the virtual absence deeply sunken valleys, said to Lauer dewatered, forming the northeast edge Maßbach is an exception, as well as the to Nassach dewatered Riedbachstraße in the east. The southern part is markedly divided (listed from west to east) by the system of the Marienbach , the Höllenbach , the Meerbach , the Steinach system and the Wässernach .
Tectonics and geology
In the Pliocene , tectonic bending caused a NW-SE trending trough to be folded, the main natural spatial unit of the Schweinfurt Basin (136). Simultaneously, faults that were trending in parallel were reactivated, in particular the Kissingen-Haßfurt saddle and fault zone , in the core of which lies the Schweinfurt Rhön and the Hesselbach woodlands (139). The subsoil covered with loess scraps consists of shell limestone and Lettenkeuper .
climate
Although the Schweinfurt Rhön borders directly on the hot and dry Schweinfurt Basin in summer, with annual precipitation of less than 550 mm, and not far from it in Kitzingen , with the highest temperatures ever recorded in Germany of 40.3 ° C in 2015, it has a sometimes harsh climate, which is also indicated by the name. This made winter sports possible at least in past decades (see winter ).
landscape
The Schweinfurt Rhön is a mountain region . The Federal Agency for Nature Conservation assigns it to landscape type 2.8 Other wooded landscapes .
Forestry predominates in the Schweinfurt Rhön and it is completely free of industry and large trades. It is largely uninhabited in the forest areas behind Schweinfurt and its suburbs and stands in stark contrast to the northern Bavarian industrial metropolis. In it lies the highest village in the district of Schweinfurt, Hoppachshof ( 403 m above sea level ); however, the highest mountains in the district are outside, in Haßbergen and Steigerwald (see Schweinfurt district, location ).
The south of the plateau towards the Main and towards Schweinfurt is cut by numerous valleys, is rich in springs near Schweinfurt, is completely forested and has the character of a low mountain range here (see natural allocation and structure ). One of oak dominated deciduous forest prevails. The numerous valleys with brooks (see: Natural allocation and structure ) lead in a fan shape to the Schweinfurt Main arc . The meadow grounds in the valleys in the west are important cold air supply lanes into the city. This area is a local recreation area , which has kept its quiet due to its large size.
The middle area in particular is a plateau with small villages in cleared islands where arable farming is carried out.
National natural heritage Brönnhof
In the northwest of the Schweinfurt Rhön, in the district of Schweinfurt , lies its largest contiguous forest area, Brönnhof . The US Army Garrison Schweinfurt built here around 1960 a training area no longer the result of the complete US troop withdrawal from Schweinfurt in 2014 since then is used. In 2016, the largest area of the Brönnhof became Bavaria 's largest national natural heritage (NNE).
In the middle of the Brönnhof, on a cleared island , lies the Brönnhof desert - a former farm from which the name was transferred to the entire remaining, large, uninhabited area.
history
prehistory
In the municipality of Dittelbrunn , the first finds from the Mesolithic Age are 12,000 years old and since then, settlement through almost all prehistoric epochs has been proven. From the Neolithic Age , the Urnfield Culture and the Hallstatt Period to the La Tène period (see Dittelbrunn, prehistory ). In Greßhausen , with only approx. 115 inhabitants today, there are also finds from the Neolithic and in Mainberg numerous finds from the Hallstatt period.
middle Ages
Schonungen was probably founded in the 5th century (see Schonungen, history ), Altenmünster with only about 280 inhabitants in the 7th century. Even the first documentary mentions, including small villages and hamlets, go back a long way. Rannungen was first mentioned in a document in 772, Abersfeld 788, Jeusungen 791, Theres 802 and the hamlet of Ottenhausen, which today has few inhabitants, was first mentioned in a document in 811.
Around the year 1000, the area was ruled by the margraves of Schweinfurt , the most powerful noble family in what is now northern Bavaria at the time, until it lost its dominant position in the Schweinfurt feud in 1003. The margraves now had to partially or completely retreat to their ancestral home, the Peterstirn castle hill , the southwestern mountain spur of the Schweinfurt Rhön , located above the Main . A power vacuum developed in Eastern Franconia, in which immediately afterwards Heinrich II. Founded the diocese of Bamberg , which was founded in 1007 by Pope Johannes XVIII. has been confirmed. The then insignificant Margraves of Schweinfurt founded a Benedictine monastery at the beginning of the 11th century .
Around the year 1045, Bishop Suitger von Bamberg founded the Theres Monastery, 15 km up the Main, at the southeastern end of the Schweinfurt Rhön, which now belonged to the diocese of Bamberg . A year later Suitger ascended the papal throne as Clement II. He was the first pope in history to retain his diocese, which made him materially independent of Roman income. He also went down in history as the reform pope: "back to the roots". The monastery was dissolved in the course of secularization in 1802, the buildings still exist.
A nationally important north-south connection led from Münnerstadt on the western edge of the Schweinfurt Rhön along the ford near Schweinfurt over the Main . It is already in the Rompilgerweg Description of the Annales Stadenses included from the 13th century. It lost its importance in 1796 with the completion of the Würzburg – Meiningen road .
In the late Middle Ages, the county of Henneberg expanded its territory over the western Schweinfurt Rhön to Mainberg in front of the gates of Schweinfurt. That is why the three present-day municipalities in the Altlandkreis Schweinfurt , the large municipalities Schonungen , Üchtelhausen and Dittelbrunn , have the Henneberg coat of arms in their municipal coat of arms.
Early modern age
In 1436/37 the imperial city of Schweinfurt acquired the villages of Zell , Weipoltshausen and the farms Deutschhof and Thomashof from the Teutonic Order for 18,000 guilders . Madenhausen was added to the imperial city territory in 1620 . The area of the imperial city stretched from then until 1802 in a corridor across the entire Schweinfurt Rhön, to the border of today's Bad Kissingen district . In 1542 the imperial city joined the Reformation . From then on, their territory was a Protestant island, which was democratic and humanistic for the time, surrounded by the diocese of Würzburg and was under great political pressure.
During the Thirty Years' War the Swedish King Gustav Adolf spent the night in Madenhausen on October 2, 1631, before his campaign to Schweinfurt, which he wanted to expand into a Protestant center with a university, but this failed (see Failed attempt to found a university ).
Kingdom of Bavaria 1805–1918
By Reichsdeputationshauptschluss 1802, the Imperial City of Schweinfurt and the other territories of the Schweinfurt Rhoen the Principality of Bavaria came, three years before the Kingdom of Bavaria was founded. From 1810 to 1814 the area became part of the new Grand Duchy of Würzburg and then fell back to the Kingdom of Bavaria.
In 1852 the Schweinfurt Rhön was connected to the railway network via numerous train stations along its southern edge in the Main Valley with the opening of the Ludwig Westbahn from Bamberg to Schweinfurt. In 1900 Rannungen , Maßbach and Stadtlauringen on the northern edge of the Schweinfurt Rhön were added by the Lauertalbahn . The 16.9 km long branch line, on which exclusively steam locomotives ran, only existed for 59 years. Even before it opened, this railway was criticized for its routing. A railway bus line on a direct route to Schweinfurt, across the Schweinfurt Rhön, took over the service.
Before the First World War , a military training area was set up in the city forest immediately north of what is now the Deutschhof district , but it was never used because the war broke out. There are large trees on the trenches that have been preserved.
Modern
Was the west of Schweinfurt Rhon since the Second World War an important exercise room for the stationed in Schweinfurt West US forces, with a shooting range on the Haardt mountain and a training area (see Brönnhof ). Since the withdrawal of US troops in 2014, this naturally beautiful area has gained even more value for local recreation .
In the second half of the 20th century, the Schweinfurt urban development grew from the Klingenhöhe and Kilansberg up to 3 km into the Schweinfurt Rhön. Five new city quarters were created here, mainly with single-family houses of higher standards.
Population development
The communities of Dittelbrunn , Schonungen and the village of Zell belong to the Schweinfurt bacon belt , with popular hillside properties, some with a view, where large parts of the Schweinfurt bourgeoisie moved since the 1970s. Which resulted in a strong increase in the population. The number of inhabitants in the area of what is now the large municipality of Dittelbrunn has more than doubled within 45 years, from 3,215 (June 6, 1961) to 7,444 (March 31, 2006). At times Schonungen had over 8,000 inhabitants.
In sharp contrast to this are the outer areas of the Schweinfurt Rhön, where some of the small towns have had a decline in population over the past 100 years, such as in today's larger municipality of Riedbach .
Inhabitants of Riedbacher districts in the Schweinfurt Rhön 2013 (population in brackets from 1910)
- Humbrechtshausen 528 (544)
- Kleinsteinach 426 (452)
These areas of the Schweinfurt Rhön are very sparsely populated. Riedbach today only has 55 inhabitants per km² (December 31, 2014). These values are far exceeded by the Hassberge mountains to the east , which are among the most sparsely populated areas in West Germany. For comparison, only 23 inhabitants per km² live here in the municipal area of Bundorf (October 2015).
Desolation
In the Schweinfurt Rhön are some desert areas . Jeusungen was first mentioned in a document in 791 and Lauerbach in 1302, while Weipoltsdorf and Brönnhof have no first dates.
politics
With the exception of its part in the Haßberge district and its western edge, which belongs to the independent city of Schweinfurt and the large municipality of Dittelbrunn , the Schweinfurt Rhön belongs to the inter-municipal alliance Schweinfurter OberLand. Its founding members are the three large communities of Üchtelhausen , Schonungen and Markt Stadtlauringen , all of which are located in the Schweinfurt district. In 2012, the two communities from the district of Bad Kissingen to the north, Markt Maßbach and Thundorf in Lower Franconia, were added, and in 2014, Rannungen from the same district. The municipal areas of Maßbach and Rannungen are mostly and that of Thundorf completely outside the Schweinfurt Rhön. Thundorf and Rannungen are members of the Maßbach administrative community .
leisure
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Pear tree on Madenhäuser Weg near Hesselbach
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"Alter Wengertsweg" at Rannungen
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The Schweinfurt Rhön is the nearest major recreational area for the urban population.
hike
The Schweinfurt Rhön is criss-crossed with a dense network of hiking trails that begin on the outskirts of Schweinfurt and continue in the northeast towards the Haßberge . The wooded area close to the city, with its valleys and very dense network of hiking trails, is the classic area for school hiking days. Youth homes for recreation on the outskirts are located on the east side of the Zeller Grund.
Particularly noteworthy are the hiking trail from Schweinfurt through the Jeusinggrund landscape protection area , past the new national natural heritage ( see: Brönnhof ) to Maßbach , which leads for 15 km to the Bad Kissingen district , only through one village, Zell, and the most famous hiking trail for the Schweinfurters Rhön through the Wässernachtal ( see: Sights ). Furthermore, the 143 km long Friedrich Rückert hiking trail , which leads from the house where he was born on the market square in Schweinfurt, across the Schweinfurt Rhön to Neuses near Coburg .
Ellertshauser lake
The Ellertshauser lake was created as a reservoir in the 1950s and, with 33 hectares, is the largest standing body of water in Lower Franconia . The lake is used as a recreational area and is surrounded by forest all around; to the east the view of the Haßberge is free. Large parts are approved for swimming, diving, sailing and fishing. A 4.4 km long circular path leads around the lake. On the north side there are sailing boat harbors and a restaurant and on the east below the dam there is a campsite.
Indoor and leisure pools
In addition to Lake Ellertshausen, there are other swimming opportunities (also in winter):
- Silvana ; In the Schweinfurt city forest An den Eichen , next to the wildlife park (see zoo) is the large municipal leisure pool. It is an indoor and outdoor swimming pool with a large lawn at the edge of the forest with a view of the city.
- Dittelbrunn indoor swimming pool , Am Sonnenteller ;
- Schonungen indoor swimming pool , on the slope of the Kreuzberg.
Golf courses
There are a total of three golf courses in the Schweinfurt Rhön. An 18-hole, a 6-hole and a 3-hole course that is to be expanded. There is also a reserve area for another 9-hole course.
- The Schweinfurt Golf Club has its extensive facility in Löffelsterz . It consists of an 18-hole championship course, a public 6-hole course, a public driving range and a clubhouse with a restaurant. The club has around 1000 members and, for a further increase in the number of members, a space required for an additional 9-hole course. The up to 400 m above sea level. NN located facility offers a view over the Schweinfurt basin to the Steigerwald .
- The Hoppachshof Golf Academy (4 km northwest of the Golf Club Schweinfurt) is located at the highest point of the Schweinfurt Rhön. A small public facility with a 3-hole course, a driving range and practice greens. A former gaming pro from Ghana switched to teaching, built the system and wants to expand it.
Animal park
The wildlife park on the oaks in the north of Schweinfurt, in the city forest, is a wildlife park with an integrated leisure facility and show farm. It has an area of 18 hectares , 450 animals and, with 600,000 visitors annually, is one of the most popular recreational and leisure facilities in Bavaria . Two larger beer gardens are located in or near the wildlife park.
Climb
The Schweinfurt Rhön offers climbing opportunities on artificial walls or in the forest:
- DAV climbing center next to the zoo; with a main wall of 700 m², up to 14 m high, with a 5 m overhang
- Climbing course on Ellertshäuser See (see Ellertshäuser See )
- Free climbing : possibility on the natural stone outer wall of the small observation tower Am Schind , behind the Peterstirn , above the Höllental
winter
There are (were) a few smaller options for winter sports:
- Municipal toboggan run next to the zoo (see above). It leads from the city forest An den Eichen down to the Zeller Grund;
- T-bar lift near Marktsteinach . This ski lift was operated on the slope of the Steinach Valley in the area of the community of Schonungen , at least in the past, snowier winters ;
- Also, at least in very snowy winters in the past, was at the DAV hut near Thomashof at almost 400 m above sea level. NN a cross-country ski trail groomed.
Attractions
As a result of the very thin settlement of large parts of the Schweinfurt Rhön (see population development ), it has retained its idyllic character. There are some smaller sights in mostly contemplative and quiet places:
- Altenmünster , interesting townscape with two churches;
- Kreuzberg near Schonungen ( 355 m above sea level ), with the Friends of Nature House. Panoramic Schweinfurt - in the foreground with Mainbogen and city park - the Steigerwald , the Rhon and only 8 km from the natural park Spessart remote Dreistelzberg ;
- Öffelsterz , the highest church village in the district. The rococo furnishings of the parish church of St. Agidius from around 1750 were acquired in Augsburg . The village linden is a natural monument
- Mainberg wine town . Mainberg Castle with a keep from the 13th century
- Peterstirn , the castle above the Main on the eastern edge of Schweinfurt, is not accessible except during wine festivals. From the observation tower on the historic vineyards above you have a wide view of the city and Main Franconia (see Schweinfurt, Dreifrankenblick );
- Wässernachtal in a large conservation area , one of the natural next streams Main franc , with a diverse flora and fauna leads, A trail, partly on dirt tracks through which km at 12 unpopulated valley except the Weiler Rednershof where a beer garden is located.
Mainberg Castle
Mainberg Castle, gatehouse
Schonungen ,
Old Steinach Bridge
Gädheim ,
baroque church
Altenmünster, Evangelical Church
Spoonsterz,
village linden
Spoonsterz,
St. Giles
Rock lake
One of the most beautiful places in the Schweinfurt Rhön is remote, almost unknown and neither accessible nor visible. It is a 2.57 hectare groundwater lake, surrounded on three sides by steep rock faces, approx. 275 m above sea level. NN , in a limestone quarry that was closed in 1998, at the Hausener Tal nature reserve , north of Hausen .
Beer gardens
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With the exception of Rednershof and Ulrich, the beer gardens are all on the northeastern outskirts of Schweinfurt and are connected by hiking trails:
- Almrausch , above Dittelbrunn , with Waldgasthaus Hütt'n ;
- Almrösl , on the Bramberg, above the Höllental , with a heated hut for the winter and a view of the city;
- Jahn , beer garden at the wildlife park by the oaks ;
- Rednershof , in the Wässernachtal ;
- Schießhaus , on the Haardtberg behind the Haardt district ;
- Ulrich , Ulrich Martin brewery in Hausen , inn with beer garden and own village brewery;
- To Hell , in Höllental , old beer garden under large chestnut trees at the foot of the Peterstirn Castle Hill , location of the Hell / Old Town parish fair with traditional cockfighting .
There are also some mountain houses and mountain huts that are only open on certain days:
- DAV hut at the Haselstaude ; this hut above the hamlet Thomashof of the German Alpine Club , Schweinfurt section, can only be reached on foot;
- Naturfreundehaus Marktsteinach , above Marktsteinach ;
- Tannenberghütte , near Ottenhausen , above the Ottenhäuser Grund, also only accessible on foot.
traffic
As an intact landscape, the Schweinfurt Rhön is hardly cut through by traffic routes, but is nevertheless easily accessible via the main valley bordering to the south.
Street
It can be easily reached by car via the Maintalautobahn A 70 Schweinfurt – Bamberg, with junctions No. 9 Schonungen and No. 10 Haßfurt. The B 303 to Coburg begins at junction no. 9, which crosses the eastern Schweinfurt Rhön as an expressway and has four exits. The western part is accessed by State Road 2280 from Schweinfurt to Bad Königshofen .
rail
The Würzburg – Schweinfurt – Bamberg railway line runs along the southern edge of the Main Valley . The Schweinfurt Stadt train station and the train stations in Schonungen and Haßfurt are ideal starting points for tours into the Schweinfurt Rhön .
Bike paths
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Main cycle path logo |
Logo Main-Werra-Radweg
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On the southern edge of the Schweinfurt Rhon of about 600 km long runs Main bike trail , which in 2008 became the first German long-distance cycle from the General German Bicycle Club (ADFC) has been awarded five stars.
Not far to the west is the 140 km long Main-Werra Cycle Route , from Würzburg via Schweinfurt to Meiningen and the Werntal Cycle Route .
Two cycle paths lead across the Schweinfurt Rhön. One runs along side streets from Schweinfurt to Maßbach , via Zell , Weipoltshausen and Madenhausen . The second, very scenic cycle path runs almost exclusively through meadows and forests away from roads, from Schonungen via Hausen to Ellertshäuser See and then on via Altenmünster to Stadtlauringen .
ship
From March to October, Schonungen over the Main is approached by the Schweinfurt passenger shipping company from the landing stage on Gutermannpromenade in Schweinfurt;
plane
The Haßfurt-Schweinfurt airfield is located in the southeast of Haßfurt
cities and communes
Twelve municipal areas are wholly or partially in the Schweinfurt Rhön or the Hesselbacher Waldland (main unit 139):
- Haßfurt , Sailershausen district with the Sailershausen forest ;
- Schweinfurt , northeastern urban area, with urban forest, Haardtwald and the northeastern area of the Deutschhof district ;
- Maßbach , southern mountainous country without localities;
- Stadtlauringen , Ballingshausen and Bergland on the eastern edge of Altenmünster ;
- Aidhausen , southern mountainous country without localities;
- Dittelbrunn , without the core town;
- Gädheim , without Main meadows;
- Rannungen , southern mountainous country without villages;
- Riedbach , without the districts of Kleinmünster and Mechenried ;
- Schonungen , without a community area south of the Main;
- Theres , without Main meadows and without Horhausen :
- Uchtelhausen .
The assignment of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation of Ballingshausen to Grabfeld (main unit 138 1 ) is incomprehensible , as the village is 70 meters above the upper Lauer at 349 m above sea level. NN is on the plateau of the Schweinfurt Rhön.
Protected area shares
- 16.95% FFH areas ;
- 2.99% bird sanctuaries ;
- 0.73% nature reserves ;
- 17.87% effective proportion of protected areas.
useful information
Three famous personalities are related to the outskirts of the Schweinfurt Rhön. Ludwig Erhard's father comes from Rannungen and was an apprentice in Schweinfurt; the former chancellor himself is an honorary citizen of Rension. Gunter Sachs was born at Mainberg Castle , where he also spent his early childhood. The parents of one of Hollywood's most successful cinematographers , Michael Ballhaus , founded the Schloss Maßbach Theater . He came to film through the theater and made 15 films with Rainer Werner Fassbinder .
See also
literature
- Johannes Müller: Basic features of the natural geography of Lower Franconia (= Franconian landscape 1) . Klett / Justus Perthes Verlag, Gotha 1996, ISBN 978-3623005003
- Joseph Schwarzmeier: Geological map of Bavaria 1: 25,000 - Sheet No. 5927 Schweinfurt (area of the Schweinfurt Rhön near the city). Bavarian Geological State Office, Munich 1982
- Topographic map Bavaria 1: 25,000 - sheet no. 5927 Schweinfurt (area of the Schweinfurt Rhön near the city center). State Office for Surveying Bavaria, Munich 2011, ISBN 978-3860388204
- Topographic map Bavaria 1: 50,000 - sheet no. L 5926 Schweinfurt (western area of the Schweinfurt Rhön). State Office for Surveying Bavaria, Munich 2018, ISBN 9783899330076
- Hiking map of the Schweinfurt district 1: 50,000 - sheet no.87 . Fritsch Landkartenverlag, Hof 2014, ISBN 978-3861160878
- Leisure map of the district of Schweinfurt 1: 75,000 . Cities publisher E. v. Wagner & J. Mitterhuber, Fellbach 2016, ISBN 978-3738103458
Web links
- Landscape profile of the Hesselbacher Waldland from the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation ( information )
- Intermunicipal Alliance Schweinfurter Oberland
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Emil Meynen , Josef Schmithüsen (Editor): Handbook of the Natural Region Divisions of Germany . Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Remagen / Bad Godesberg 1953–1962 (9 deliveries in 8 books, updated map 1: 1,000,000 with main units 1960).
- ↑ Map of the Schweinfurt Oberland. Retrieved August 26, 2018 .
- ↑ BayernAtlas: Historical map, area southern Schweinfurt Rhön, with relief. Retrieved January 2, 2019 .
- ↑ Topographic map of Bavaria 1: 50,000 sheets No. L 5926 Schweinfurt . State Office for Surveying and Geoinformation Bavaria, Munich 2006.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, map of the landscapes in Germany, on the basis (accuracy) of maps on a scale of 1: 200,000.
- ↑ a b c According to the official map in the BayernAtlas.
- ↑ Brigitte Schwenzer: Geographical land survey: The natural space units on sheet 140 Schweinfurt. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1968. → Online map (PDF; 4.3 MB)
- ↑ a b Heinz Späth: Geographical land survey: The natural spatial units on sheet 141 Coburg. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1987. → Online map (PDF; 5 MB)
- ↑ a b c d e f g h Federal Agency for Nature Conservation: Landscape profile 13900 Hesselbacher Waldland
- ↑ Johannes Müller: Basic features of the natural geography of Lower Franconia (= Franconian landscape 1) . Justus Perthes Verlag, Gotha 1996, p. 56.
- ↑ Summer in Germany. Kitzingen sets a new heat record. In: Der Spiegel. July 6, 2015.
- ↑ chapel in the town center; interpolated according to contour lines in the BayernAtlas
- ↑ a b City map of Schweinfurt with history and sights. Printing and publishing house Weppert, Schweinfurt 2003.
- ↑ See map of the Diocese of Würzburg with the free imperial city of Schweinfurt around 1700 in: schweinfurtfuehrer.de, accessed on May 16, 2016.
- ↑ Federal Statistical Office, Historical Register of Municipalities
- ↑ Bavarian State Office for Statistics, population based on the 2011 census
- ↑ Bavarian State Office for Statistics, Table 12411-001
- ↑ Internet presence of the Intercommunal Alliance Schweinfurter OberLand: History of the Alliance. Retrieved January 9, 2017 .
- ↑ mainpost.de: Wildpark Schweinfurt: How to trick a lynx, February 15, 2020. Accessed on February 16, 2020 .
- ↑ After inquiring with the municipality of Schonungen (2015), it is not known that the project has been abandoned
- ↑ a b Topographic map of Bavaria 1: 25,000 sheet No. 5927 Schweinfurt . State Office for Surveying and Geoinformation Bavaria, Munich 2005.
- ↑ Measured from: Large General Atlas 2007/2008 . MairDumont, Ostfildern.
- ↑ Bavarian State Office for the Preservation of Monuments, list of monuments as of 2015
- ↑ "Habitats". A project by Basalt Actiengesellschaft: Pictures of the lake in the limestone quarry. Retrieved January 9, 2017 .
- ↑ n-tv.de: Main-Radweg awarded - five stars from ADFC , August 27, 2008.
- ↑ Leisure map of the Schweinfurt district. 14th edition, Cities-Verlag E. v. Wagner & J. Mitterhuber, Fellbach, ISBN 3-8164-1554-7 .
