Greßhausen
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Greßhausen
Community of Gädheim
Coordinates: 50 ° 2 ′ 5 ″ N , 10 ° 23 ′ 1 ″ E
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| Incorporation : | May 1, 1978 | |
| Area code : | 09727 | |
Location of Greßhausen in Bavaria |
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Greßhausen is the smallest part of the municipality (115 inhabitants, as of January 1, 2009) of the municipality of Gädheim in the district of Haßberge in the Bavarian administrative district of Lower Franconia .
Geography and geology
Greßhausen is three kilometers north of the Main on the border between Hesselbacher Waldland and Main Valley . The place is 317 m above sea level. NN (church).
Rock deposits of the Upper Muschelkalk and the Lower Keuper ( Triassic ) occur in the district, which are covered in some places by Pleistocene deposits, including Main gravel and loess loam. Tectonically, the area is characterized by a fracture zone that belongs to the Kissinger-Haßfurt fault zone.
history
In the last few years, various artifacts, z. B. stone axes, blades, scrapers, arrowheads and knocking stones, from the Neolithic and a scraper, possibly Mesolithic , discovered as litter finds. Greßhausen was first mentioned in 1151 in a document from Bishop Eberhard von Bamberg, which was issued in Theres Monastery. A Helmricus de Gruzzingeshusen is listed among the witnesses. The story has a close connection to the castle and the Mainberg office until the secularization in 1803. In 1305 the Counts of Henneberg acquired the castle and the Mainberg office, to which Greßhausen also belonged. Ecclesiastically Greßhausen has always belonged to the diocese of Würzburg .
In the eventful history, numerous families and monasteries were enfeoffed in Greßhausen. The lords of Eberstein, von Wenkheim, von Schaumberg, von Wechmar, von Raueneck, von Bibra and Cuntz Fuchs von Haßfurt as well as the monasteries Königsberg and St. Stephan in Würzburg were mentioned. The monasteries of Bildhausen, Mariaburghausen, Theres and the Juliusspital von Würzburg partly owned several farms in Greßhausen.
In 1525, Greßhausen farmers demonstrably participated in the Peasants' War. They were involved in the burning down and looting of Marktsteinach Castle. One of the leaders was the Greßhauser Hans Arnolt, called Clotz Hans. The farmers also took part in the siege and looting of Mainberg Castle and the siege of Marienberg Fortress in Würzburg. After the peasant uprising was put down, all peasants had to pay heavy fines. When the Mainberg Castle was rebuilt in 1526, the Greßhäuser had to raise 18 guilders.
In 1542, Count Wilhelm IV von Henneberg exchanged the Mainberg office with 20 villages and all of its affiliations with the Würzburg monastery for the office and city of Meiningen. The Mainberg Office and its associated villages, including Greßhausen, were ruled by the Prince-Bishop of Würzburg until the secularization of 1803.
In addition to the Centgericht Marktsteinach the Office Mainberg developed in the late Middle Ages in the hen bergischen influence an additional High Court, which Mainberger neck Court. The high court, like the cent court, was responsible for blood jurisdiction (four high complaints). The lower jurisdiction lay with the village courts, from which minor offenses were reprimanded. There was a village court in every village. The oldest written village court order of Greßhausen comes from the year 1542, that is, from the year when Greßhausen passed over to the Würzburg monastery together with the other mainberg districts. It should roughly correspond to the village court order under the Hennebergers before the Peasants' War. After the Peasants' War in 1525, Count Wilhelm IV. Von Henneberg dissolved the village courts in his possession and a few years later established district courts in his offices. Mainberg Castle was the seat of the district court for the mainberg districts. The local courts took over the function of the village courts. When the Mainberg office fell to Würzburg in 1542, Bishop Conrad IV of Bibra returned the village courts to the villages there and between 1542 and 1544 issued a new village court order for each individual place. A schoolmaster was mentioned for the first time in 1578 and a school building in 1695. The earliest mention of a presumably own teacher in Greßhausen was in the oldest Greußheuser church account from 1655. Since 1792 there was also an industrial school teacher for the school in Greßhausen. The schoolhouse, in which classes were held until 1969, was built in 1839. Politically, Greßhausen has been subordinate to the Haßfurt district court and today's Haßberge district since secularization. In 1874 the volunteer fire brigade was founded.
Greßhausen was badly affected by the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648) and lost a large part of its inhabitants. In 1651 only four of the original 32 families lived in the village. During the First World War (1914–1918), 27 Greßhausen men were drafted into military service, 7 of whom died or were reported missing. At the same time, six prisoners of war, mostly French, were housed with several families and used as agricultural workers on the various farms. In the wars before that, in 1866 and 1870/71, Greßhauser citizens were called up for military service. During the Second World War (1939–1945) most of the younger male population was drafted from Greßhausen. 29 combatants returned from war or captivity. 12 residents died in the war, went missing or perished as a result of the war. During the war, 29 Polish, Ukrainian and Yugoslav slave laborers were employed on the farms. Towards the end of the war and a few years later, a total of around 220 refugees, evacuees and those who had been bombed out were temporarily housed in Greßhausen. There were no Jewish citizens.
The first public telephone came in 1908 and the power supply in 1921. In 1948/49 the first land consolidation in the former Haßfurt district was carried out there. An application for this was submitted for the first time in 1925. As part of the regional reform, Greßhausen was incorporated into the municipality of Gädheim on May 1, 1978.
Church conditions
Greßhausen originally belonged to the original parish of Marktsteinach in Würzburg. In 1435 Greßhausen, Ottendorf and Untertheres were assigned to the parish of Gädheim, a daughter parish of Marktsteinach. The oldest mention of a church in Greßhausen comes from the year 1459. After the old church was dilapidated, a new church was built in 1823/24. The church tower, a real tower , remained. Since the small number of inhabitants of Greßhausen could not finance a new church building alone, the responsible district judge of Haßfurt only approved the construction on the condition that there were enough volunteers to build it. After a call for help, 30 surrounding villages took part in the construction of the church with material transports and construction workers. In 1824 the new church, which has a square floor plan, was consecrated. In 1891 and 1892 the church received a high altar and two side altars in the neo-Romanesque style by the Nuremberg sculptor Valentin Oeckler . In the course of the interior renovation in 1908, the interior of the church was painted, also in the neo-Romanesque style, by the Würzburg painter Eulogius Böhler. The way of the cross on the gallery comes from Franz Krombach from Munich. Today the church is a rare, completely preserved gem in the neo-Romanesque style.
The Reformation of Luther found its way also in the Official Mainberg. In 1539 the inhabitants of Greßhausen and Waldsachsen converted to the Lutheran faith. In 1540 the bailiff of Mainberg occupied Waldsachsen and Greßhausen with a Protestant clergyman who lived in Greßhausen. Greßhausen remained Protestant until Prince-Bishop Julius Echter's time (1573-1617) in 1587. In the course of the Counter Reformation by Julius Echter in the diocese of Würzburg, Greßhausen became Catholic again. Greßhausen now became a branch of the forest parish.
Greßhausen has been a branch of the Untertheres parish since 1959. Since February 1991 Greßhausen has been looked after by the pastor of Obertheres, but is still a branch of the Untertheres parish. Greßhausen is a member of the Theres parish community, founded in 2003, to which 10 localities belong.
Pilgrimage to Mary of Victory
The pilgrimage church Maria vom Sieg is part of the Franconian Marienweg . The pilgrimage was first mentioned in writing in a document dated May 18, 1593. Two clergy from the surrounding villages made a petition to Prince-Bishop Julius Echter to approve the pilgrimage that had come to a standstill due to the Reformation. It is not known when the pilgrimage church received the title of Mary of Victory . The focal point of the pilgrimage is the miraculous image, a Madonna from around 1500. More recently, the pilgrimage to Mary of Victory has experienced an upswing and the number of pilgrims is steadily increasing.
Attractions
In addition to the pilgrimage church Maria vom Sieg, there are 14 wayside shrines and field crosses in the area as well as the lookout point at Wengert , the highest point in Greßhausen. The view includes the Rhön , the Steigerwald , Würzburg and the Steigerwald foreland to Kitzingen .
societies
The place has a fire brigade association and a CSU local association.
literature
- Konrad Albert, Günter Schmitt, Monica Ott: Wallfahrtskirche Maria vom Sieg Greßhausen (text part on the history) - City-Druck, Würzburg 1993.
- Konrad Albert: Greßhausen - history of a Franconian village . Published by the municipality of Gädheim, Benedict-Press, Münsterschwarzach, 1996 (here also all sources).
- Karl Krapf: Contributions to the history and description of the village Greßhausen . Tagblattdruckerei Schweinfurt, 1910.
