Gaibach

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Gaibach
City of Volkach
"A golden bar in red, covered on the whole with a diagonal, blue wave bar."
Coordinates: 49 ° 53 ′ 23 "  N , 10 ° 13 ′ 36"  E
Height : 252 m
Area : 7.91 km²
Residents : 384  (2019)
Population density : 49 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : October 1, 1978
Postal code : 97332
Area code : 09381
map
Location of Gaibach (bold) within the Volkach municipality
Gaibach from the north
Gaibach from the north

Gaibach is a district of the town of Volkach in the Bavarian district of Kitzingen in Lower Franconia . Gaibach was an independent municipality until the voluntary merger with Volkach on October 1, 1978. The long period of independence dates back to the early modern period . With Messrs. Echter von Mespelbrunn and later the Counts of Schönborn, the village received powerful village lords who established their own neck court. Gaibach never became part of the surrounding Hochstift Würzburg .

The long sovereignty also means that the small village has a relatively large number of architectural features. The Trinity Church, which was built by Balthasar Neumann as the patronage church of the House of Schönborn, stands on the central square next to the village lords' castle. The counts also saw to it that a round chapel was built on the arterial road in the direction of Schweinfurt. The constitutional column was erected as a reminder of the Bavarian constitution of 1818 .

Geographical location

Geography and natural structure

Gaibach is located in the north of the Volkach municipality. The district of Schweinfurt begins further north with the municipality of Kolitzheim . In the east, too, the district passes into the Schweinfurt area, the Kolitzheim district of Zeilitzheim is closest to Gaibach. The Volkach district of Obervolkach rises to the southeast , while the core town of Volkach itself can be found in the south . Fahr , again a district of Volkach, is located in the southwest, to the west is again the area of ​​the district of Schweinfurt with the municipality of Stammheim .

Closest, larger cities are Kitzingen , with a distance of about 17 kilometers and Schweinfurt , which is also about 17 kilometers away. The next big city is Würzburg, 23 kilometers away .

In terms of nature, the area around Gaibach forms its own sub-unit, the so-called Gaibacher Loess Plateau . It is part of the Iphofen-Gerolzhofener Steigerwaldvorland within the Mainfränkische Platten .

The village is located in the Maingau climate zone, which is one of the driest and warmest in Germany. This also explains the local viticulture. The Main itself does not touch the Gaibach district, however, but flows past to the west. The Gaibach stream rises in the village and flows south-east into the Volkach . The source of the Eschbachgraben is also on the Gaibach district. Geologically, sandstones from the Upper Muschelkalk and Lower Keuper predominate .

Village structure

The farm in Öttershausen

The Gaibach district occupies an area of ​​7.9 km² and is formed by the hamlet of Öttershausen , next to the village of Gaibach itself, in the south of the district . The former Öttershausen estate borders the village to the north and came to Gaibach in the 19th century. The English Garden corridor lies between the two districts and is occupied by the former palace gardens. It goes into the so-called Schönbornhöhe, the former Sonnenberg with the constitution column.

Öttershausen consists of the following corridors : Müllerfeld (in the north), Kolitzheimer Grund (in the northeast), Zeilitzheimer Grund (in the east), Klinge (in the southeast), Laufberg (in the south), Öttershausner Höhe (in the extreme south), Eulengrube (in the Southwest), Steinhügel (in the west) and Neuer Berg (in the northwest). The center is the former Hofgut and the newer hamlet on district road KT 35.

The west of Gaibach is occupied by the Gießhügel corridor and the so-called Poppenhecke. Gieshügel , an old desert , was inhabited until the 15th century, before the fields came to Gaibach. There is also the highest elevation in the district at 288 m. Gaibach has a natural monument with the so-called pheasant garden above the former castle park .

history

Changing village lords (until 1412)

In contrast to some settlements in the vicinity of Gaibach, the village itself is not a foundation from the time of the Frankish colonization. The ending -bach indicates a settlement in the 7th or 8th century AD. The name Gaibach, a clearing settlement , means “fertile, free land by the brook”, which refers to the Gaibach water , which flows into the Volkach near Obervolkach .

After the assumed foundation, several centuries passed before Gaibach first appeared in the sources at the end of the 13th century, in 1299, as "Guebach". The farmland of the village was then in the hands of the Lords of Gaibach, who, as ministerials and fiefdoms of the Counts of Castell and the Würzburg prince-bishop, administered the village estates. In addition to them, other legal entities also had goods in Gaibach, including the Steigerwaldkloster Ebrach .

In 1303 Gotfried de Gubach was mentioned as the last of his family. The rule of the village passed to changing noble families: the Fuchs von Dornheim , the Knights von Dettelbach , the Lords von Heidingsfeld, the Edelknechte Fere vom Berg, the Wolfskeel , the Rüdt von Collenberg and finally, in 1412, to the Zollner von the Hallburg . In that year Konrad Zollner was enfeoffed with the bailiwick of the village.

The Zollner von Gaibach (until 1580)

Valentin Echter from Mespelbrunn

The fortified Fronhof , which formed the center of the village, remained in the hands of the Rücker family from Volkach before it was handed over to Balthasar Fere vom Berg in 1453. From this it came into the hands of Endres Zollner von der Hallburg, who was able to expand his influence over Gaibach. In 1487 and 1491 the property of the Hallburg lords was expanded through the purchase of two further manors .

Under the rule of Hans Zollner, Gaibach rose to the headquarters of a line of the noble family in 1492. From then on Hans called himself "Zollner von Gaibach". This rise also went hand in hand with the expansion of the fortification, which was expanded into a castle with a moat and wall . In 1525, Volkach peasants destroyed the village in the German Peasants' War and set the castle on fire. Soon afterwards the Zollner pushed for the reconstruction.

In 1554 the Gaibacher Heights around the village were the scene of a war. Federal troops under the command of Bohuslav Felix von Lobkowitz and Hassenstein pursued the army of Margrave Albrecht Alcibiades von Brandenburg-Kulmbach . The margrave's troops were already in battle order, but Hassenstein hesitated to attack. The actual battle then began northeast of Stadtschwarzach .

In the following years the lords of Gaibach got into debt more and more, so that in 1580 Georg Sigmund Zollner von Gaibach had to sell his possessions and the village rulers for 21,816 guilders. The buyers were the brothers Adolf, Valentin and Dietrich Echter von Mespelbrunn, who were then enfeoffed with the neck court and the bailiwick. Valentin Echter later received the village alone.

The real von Mespelbrunn (until 1650)

The castle was rebuilt again under the Volkach bailiff Valentin Echter von Mespelbrunn. A large renaissance castle with fortifications and towers was built. At the same time, the brother of the Würzburg prince-bishop Julius also consolidated the Catholic religion in town. On October 30, 1596, Gaibach was parish from the Volkach parish and received its own church. After the death of the first village lord from the Echter dynasty, the plague began to rage in Gaibach for the first time in 1626 and killed almost half of the population.

The Thirty Years War did not spare Gaibach either. In 1631, the Protestant Swedes conquered the village and massacred the population. When the occupation ended a few years later, only 15 houses were still inhabited. The plague, which again decimated the population in 1632, had also contributed to this. The village was only able to recover slowly from the consequences of the long war.

The real ones, too, had suffered greatly from the war. Again the rule of Gaibach was indebted. In 1645, Valentine's descendants therefore renounced the fiefdom of the Würzburg bishop. The village came into the hands of the creditors who wanted to sell it as soon as possible. The first interested party, Field Marshal Jobst Max von Gronsfeld , could not raise the sum of 12,000 guilders.

The Counts of Schönborn (until 1806)

The depiction of the baroque palace gardens by Salomon Kleiner

Thereupon the purchase price was lowered and the Hessian ministerial family von Schönborn acquired the village and castle in 1650/1651 for the price of 10,000 guilders. When Gaibach was handed over to Lothar Franz von Schönborn in 1668 , who later rose to become Prince-Bishop of Bamberg, the place became the focus of European intellectual life. Again the castle was rebuilt and a baroque garden was laid out.

In 1702, Emperor Joseph I stayed in Gaibach and enjoyed the large collections of the Church Prince Schönborn. In 1724 Friedrich Carl von Schönborn received the village. Under his rule, the village had the height of its influence. With the completion of the parish church of the Holy Trinity by the master builder Balthasar Neumann , a building of supraregional rank was obtained. From the year 1746, however, Gaibach was only a subordinate seat of the Count of Wiesentheid.

With the occupation by the soldiers of the French revolutionary army at the beginning of the 19th century and the reorganization of Europe by Napoleon , the counts lost influence over their rule. In the last years of his reign, Franz Erwein von Schönborn converted the baroque garden into an English landscape park, and the castle was given its present-day form in the 1820s.

In Bavaria (until today)

The Mayor of Würzburg Wilhelm Joseph Behr- speaker at the Gaibacher Festival. Image on the Hambach cloth

After the end of the mediatization , Gaibach had become an electoral-Palatinate-Bavarian rural community in 1806, to which the districts of the Öttershausen and Hallburg manors were assigned. It was administratively subordinated to the Volkach Regional Court , the counts retained only a few civil rights. After an interlude in the Grand Duchy of Franconia, the village finally became part of the young Kingdom of Bavaria in 1814.

On May 26, 1821, the foundation stone for the constitutional column was laid there to celebrate the constitution of the Bavarian state . Crown Prince Ludwig and several high-ranking politicians were present. A few years later, on August 22, 1828, the inauguration was celebrated. Again Ludwig, meanwhile King Ludwig I , came to Gaibach. About 30,000 people lined the streets of the village. In the following years the annual festival in front of the column was always celebrated on May 27th.

Under the impression of the French July Revolution, however, the royal turn to a constitution for the whole people dwindled from 1830 onwards. On May 27, 1832, the Gaibach Festival took place at the same time as the larger Hambach Festival in the small community - up to six thousand participants called for liberal and democratic reforms. The mayor of Würzburg, Wilhelm Joseph Behr , who spoke at the Gaibach Festival, was sentenced to imprisonment for an indefinite period of time for high treason and libel.

After that it became quiet around Gaibach for a while. In the Second World War , the community had a total of 22 deaths. On April 8, 1945, White Sunday, the Americans reached Gaibach and took the place without a fight. As early as 1949, the construction of a grammar school began in the rooms of the castle, as most of the city's schools had been destroyed by the effects of the war. In 1955 the Hallburg was declared a district of the nearby Volkach.

On May 1, 1978, the previously independent community was incorporated into the city of Volkach . The community with an area of ​​791.38 hectares included the parish village of Gaibach and the hamlet of Öttershausen .

Place name

Gaibach was named "Guebach" in a document from 1299. For the year 1303 "Gubach" is proven, while 1538 "Gewbach" was mentioned. In 1667 the village name varied again, Gaibach appeared as "Gaubach" in the sources. The basic syllable -bach indicates the foundation in a clearing period of the 7th or 8th century AD. Gai or its variants, on the other hand, are due to the location of the place in an area with little forest and good continuity.

The more recent literature rejects the Old or Middle High German derivations of the place name. The name Gaibach is said to be derived from the Slavic word "gaj", grove. The Slavic Wends populated the region around the Main loop at the same time as the Franks. Maybe "gaj" was also a Wenden saint. At the height of the constitutional column, the "Heiligenbaum" corridor can still be found today, which indicates the turn.

Administration and courts

The following administrative units were superordinate to the municipality of Gaibach.

In court, Gaibach was subject to the following instances.

coat of arms

Gaibach coat of arms
 Blazon : "A golden bar in red, covered all over with an oblique, blue wave bar."
Justification of the coat of arms: The coat of arms of the former community is based on that of the Counts of Schönborn, who ruled the village over Gaibach for a long time. The coat of arms colors red and gold refer to the family coat of arms of the counts, which shows a striding, golden lion in red. The oblique wave bar , on the other hand, symbolizes belonging to the city of Volkach, as this bar is also found in its coat of arms.

politics

From mayor to local spokesman

Until 1978, Gaibach had its own council , which consisted of eight councils. A mayor presided over the council. The last mayor before joining Volkach was Franz Lorey, who was represented by Second Mayor Füller. Already on December 22nd, 1975, the Gaibach councils decided to incorporate it into Volkach, although prior to that there had been discussions about simply forming an administrative community.

The incorporation was preceded by tough negotiations. Gaibach had the construction of a funeral hall, the takeover of the kindergarten in the hands of the city and the maintenance of the park by the city. On October 1, 1978, the community was dissolved. Today Gaibach is represented in the Volkach city council by local spokesman Holger Scheidig, who only takes part in the meetings in an advisory capacity.

List of mayors until 1869
Schultheißen (until 1812)
Simon Pfriem (1746)
Andreas Wahler (1764)
Andreas Koehler (1780)
Christoph Bauer (1790)
Jörg Dreher (1796)
Johann Hellrich (1812)
Mayor (until 1818)
Francis Melchior (1745)
Leo Baumann (1749)
Christ Ulsamer (1750)
Adam White (1751)
Kaspar Schmachtenberger (1764)
Friedrich Wolf (1780)
Johann Lermich (1792)
Michael White (1802)
Martin Ulsamer (1807)
Jörg Reiz (1811)
Franz Schmitt (1815)
Lorenz Schüll (1818)
Mayor (until 1868)
Lorenz Schüll (1818)
Johann Leist (1819)
Johann Christ (1820)
Friedrich Ulsamer (1821)
N. Dinkel (1826)
N. Zwinger (1837)
N. Pfriem (1839)
Johann Pfeind (1841)
N. Pfriem (1851)
N. Ulsamer (1857)
N. Dinkel (1866)
List of mayors in Gaibach (1868–1978)
Surname Term of office Remarks
N. spelled 1869-1870
Lorenz Schmitt 1870-1887
Joseph spelled 1887-1905
Georg Hillenbrand 1905-1933 first term
Georg Holzwarth 1933-1937
Georg Hillenbrand 1937-1945 second term
Josef Krümpel 1945–?
Franz Lorey ? –1978 with Second Mayor N. Füller

Population development

About 250 inhabitants lived in Gaibach until the 18th century. In the course of the increase in importance in the Schönborn period (1719–1746), there was an increased influx of residents, so that in 1780 a total of 320 people lived in the village. The general population development in the 19th century led to further influx, in 1904 Gaibach already had 397 residents. However, the peak was only reached in the 1950s, as many refugees found shelter in Gaibach after the Second World War.

year Inhabitant (place) Residents (municipality)
1745 250
1780 320
1867 470
1871 346 431
1885 335 394
1900 328 397
1925 355 410
1950 548 636
1961 538 561
1970 489 513
1987 565
1993 530

Culture and sights

Architectural monuments

The inner courtyard of the Gaibach Castle

Castle and Castle Park

The Gaibach Castle in the town center goes back to a medieval castle that was inhabited by various gentlemen. In the 15th century, the Zollner von der Hallburg acquired the building, had it expanded and made it one of their ancestral seats. The castle suffered in the German Peasants' War when it was burned down by the marauding piles. The Zollner took care of the reconstruction.

When the village came into the hands of the von Mespelbrunn family, the construction of a renaissance castle began , which was completed in 1608. In 1651 the Counts of Schönborn received the village and castle. From 1693 onwards was built again. The master builder Leonhard Dientzenhofer created a baroque palace, at the same time a large, baroque garden was laid out west of the new residence.

The 19th century brought classicist innovations, the garden facade was simplified. At the same time, the garden was converted into an English landscape park. In 1820, the so-called constitution hall in the castle was built as a hall of fame for the Bavarian constitution. Today the castle buildings are used as a boarding school for the Franken-Landschulheim .

Constitutional pillar

The constitutional column on the hill of the Sonnenberg, which occupies the north side of the large palace park, was built between 1821 and 1828. The mediatized Prince Franz Erwein von Schönborn had the idea of ​​erecting a monument to celebrate the Bavarian constitution of 1818. You could win Leo von Klenze as an architect . On May 26, 1821, the laying of the foundation stone was celebrated in the presence of the Crown Prince and several dignitaries.

After the inauguration, in which Ludwig I, who has meanwhile been elected king, took part, there were annual commemorative parades in honor of the constitution. In 1832 the Gaibach Festival took place below the column, which is also known as the Constitution Festival because of the monument. Today the column is no longer accessible.

Trinity Church

The patronage church of the House of Schönborn

Count Friedrich Karl von Schönborn, who ruled Gaibach in the 18th century, planned to build a new church in the village from 1740 as a patronage church for his house. He commissioned his court builder Balthasar Neumann to do this . The foundation stone was laid in 1743, and the tower stood at the beginning of 1745. The consecration of the new church took place on September 5, 1745.

The simple nave of the church is easted and consists of two bays, to which a transversely oval rotunda adjoins. In the east, the church building ends with three semicircular apses and the tower. The high altar, which was erected by Antonio Bossi, forms the center of the furnishings. The altarpiece shows the most important representatives of the Schönborn ruling family, above which the Holy Trinity is depicted.

Kreuzkapelle

The chapel on the Sonnenberg on the edge of the Gaibach Castle Park goes back to the so-called Fiber-Cäpelein, which was often visited by the residents of the village. To thank him for his successful rescue after a riding accident, Lothar Franz von Schönborn planned to build a new building. The chapel was completed in 1700; the builder was probably Johann Leonhard Dientzenhofer from Bamberg .

The little church was built as a rotunda and ends with a semicircular dome. Again, only the most famous artists of their time were hired for the interior decoration. The ceiling paintings were created by Lazaro Maria Sanguinetti , the organ was erected by the Schleich family from Bamberg. Two smaller side altars are located inside the church.

Private houses and yards

Supported by the Counts of Schönborn, several private houses were built to the east and south of the palace in the 18th and 19th centuries, which are now also listed as architectural monuments. The former rectory on Balthasar-Neumann-Straße is an eaves-standing quarry stone building with a hipped roof. Right next to it is a gable-independent quarry stone house with drilled window frames.

At the location of the Goldener Löwe inn, south of the palace complex, there was already a bar with its own sign in the 17th century . In the course of time, the former Schönborn fiefdom passed into private hands. Today the inn building is a wide hipped roof with drilled windows. It was built in the 18th century and underwent some changes in the 19th century.

The so-called manor was built in the 19th century opposite the castle. Initially, the new noblemen of Schönborn managed their agriculture from here. Today the horseshoe-shaped courtyard is privately owned. Like the manor, the forester's house in the north of the castle park was initiated by the counts. The 18th century building stands empty today and is left to decay.

Wayside shrines and small memorials

Two wayside shrines have survived in the village, on the one hand the so-called monolith wayside shrine from 1579 with the depiction of the crucifixion and two side figures. The other crucifixion shrine dates from the 18th century and is baroque. A relief of the Pietà was embedded in a house wall in 1775.

The many processional altars in the village and in the area are all of the 18th century. In 1736 the altar showing Christ on the Mount of Olives was erected , followed by the depiction of the Pietà in 1775. A chapel niche with a crucifixion group formed the end in 1781 .

  • The main portal and the right wing of the castle

  • The constitutional pillar

  • Balthasar Neumann's Church

  • The Kreuzkapelle on the state road

  • The Goldener Löwe inn

  • The manor in the town center

  • The tower of the monolith

graveyard

The village's cemetery is not classified as a monument, although it is very important for the village. Originally there was a small chapel here , which was dedicated to St. Wolfgang . Irmgard von Hohenfeld built the church around 1270, and the Volkach pastor preached in this chapel every second Sunday. The Wolfgang chapel slowly fell into disrepair by the 16th century and was therefore torn down in 1587 by the village master Valentin Echter von Mespelbrunn.

By this time the community cemetery had already developed around the chapel. Here, north of the manor, not only the residents of the village but also the employees in the castle of the village lords were buried. This is evidenced still embedded in the west wall of the walls grave stones from sandstone . They are badly affected by wind and weather and are now left to decay.

A total of five grave slabs can still be identified. However, it is unclear how many stones were originally set into the cemetery wall. The inscriptions are also partially peeled off and can only be described in detail in part. One of the existing gravestones can be clearly identified as a child's grave due to its size. The descriptions in the table are based on photographs and the view of the stones.

number general description Description of coat of arms inscription image
1 The tombstone is divided into two parts. At the top there is a coat of arms , it is surrounded by a drawn-back curtain. At the bottom, crowned by a skull, there is an inscription medallion. Blazon : A right-looking Agnus Dei; also an Agnus Dei on the helmet; the timing is unclear. Here rest Mr. Joha […] / Christian Ha [n] en […] / Schönbornischen […] u […] / […] ech […] / […] gens J […] / […] 672 [… ] / […] Tian […] / […] stor […] // The tombstone
2 The tombstone was originally framed. At the bottom there is a richly profiled inscription panel, at the top you can see a coat of arms in a round wreath. Blazon : A bar whose tinge is unclear; buffalo horns on the helmet. All other elements can no longer be precisely identified no longer recognizable The tombstone
3 It is a children's tombstone. A frame with an inscription surrounds the stone, a praying child figure can be seen in the center. Two coats of arms can be seen at their feet. Blazon (left): recognizing the outline of a person. The coat of arms on the right is no longer identifiable. no longer recognizable The tombstone
4th An inscription frame surrounds six coats of arms in rows of two. An alliance coat of arms can be seen in the center, many coats of arms have been chipped off. Blazon (center left): helmet with buffalo horns. Blazon (center right): ram's horn; a ram's horn on the helmet; the timing is unclear. [...] of age [...] on Mr. [...] The tombstone
5 Only the richly profiled frame with an inscription can be seen of this tombstone. no coat of arms available […] MORTUA Z MAU 17 […] OANNES CASPAR […] SCHE EN […] The tombstone

Regular events

The pilgrimage to the Madonna of Mercy to Maria im Sand can be described as the oldest annual event in Gaibach . Already since 1506, when the pilgrimage had only just been established, the Gaibacher walk on the third Sunday in June via Volkach, Astheim, Escherndorf, Köhler and Neuses am Berg to Dettelbach. The pilgrimage picture dates back to the 18th or 19th century and was created with the depiction of the Madonna of Mercy.

Other regular events shape the course of the year in Gaibach. On the night of April 30th to May 1st, the Gaibach people celebrate the May Festival, during which the maypole , a birch, is set up on the square in front of the Goldener Löwe inn. The Gaibacher Kirchweih, every year at the beginning of September, goes back to the benediction of the Catholic parish church to the Holy Trinity on September 5, 1745.

The center of the festival calendar is the much younger Gaibach Castle Wine Festival . It takes place on the first weekend in August and is held in the courtyard of Schönborn Castle. A total of four days of celebration. In addition to serving wine and the obligatory musical accompaniment, the newly elected wine princesses of the place also perform.

Say

The accursed vine

A winemaker forgot his cap on a vine after a day's work . During the night the frost set in and the farmer's entire harvest froze to death. Only the stick with the cap remained. The farmer cursed this with the words: "If the devil has got it so far, he should get everything!" And also destroyed the last vine. The weather changed and the frozen vines sprouted again, so that a rich harvest was to be had in autumn.

The winemaker took his youngest child to the vineyard and gathered the harvest until the cart was full of grapes. The child was put on the wagon and the farmer wanted to travel home. But when the wagon drove past the accursed vine, the horses shied, the wagon tipped over and the child was slain by the butterflies. The farmer complained: "Now the devil has really taken everything, even my child!"

The hoi man

As in Obervolkach, Volkach and Rimbach, there are also legends and stories about the Hoi man in Gaibach.

The manager who had the Gaibach Castle under his supervision was strict and hard-hearted. He seized all his belongings to a miller who could not pay the interest due. In the end all that was left was the bed in which the miller's little child lay. The sick child was torn from the cradle and the bed was sold. The miller's wife then cursed the steward with the words: "Neither here nor over there in eternity you shall have rest!"

The administrator died very soon. At his funeral, the mourners noticed a figure in the castle who resembled the administrator. At night the servants heard noises and could no longer sleep. A sorcerer was brought in to banish the ghost to the Gaibacher forest. Here he continued his mischief and made the horses shy with his "Hoi-hoi" call. Thereupon the spirit was banished to the Haardt between Obervolkach and Rimbach .

A poor woman who wanted to return from Kolitzheim to Gaibach, the Hoi man appeared in the forest as a distinguished gentleman. She asked him for alms. But the man turned into a pillar of fire when he was addressed. The count's rulers also drove from Gaibach to Wiesentheid through the Hoi man's forest. The path suddenly disappeared and the rulers had to return to Gaibach. It was similar to a castle servant, he could no longer move in the forest.

The Gründleinsloch

The legend probably refers to the nearby Stettenmühle, which was temporarily abandoned and fell into disrepair. A mill with three of the miller's daughters is said to have sunk near Gaibach . But the miller's daughters came from the Gründleinsloch once a year and went to the parish dance in Gaibach. But they always had to leave the festival at midnight to return to the old mill in the Gründleinsloch.

Economy and Infrastructure

economy

The Schlosspark vineyard in front of the constitution column

The village has only a few businesses. Many of the residents commute to work in nearby Volkach or Schweinfurt. In addition to the Gasthof zum Goldenen Löwen, which has been handed down at this location since at least the 17th century, there is a construction company in the village with the headquarters of the Beuerlein Erdbau company . The company has specialized in construction site logistics and maintains a large fleet of trucks in the west of Gaibach.

In addition to the businesses, tourism dominates the place . As one of the Main loop communities around Volkach, Gaibach attracts mainly cultural tourists with sights such as the castle, Neumann Church and constitutional column. Therefore, several holiday apartments have been established in the village . Another important economic factor is the Franken-Landschulheim Schloss Gaibach with around 100 teachers, which is attended by around 1200 pupils.

Of the agricultural businesses, the wineries are a typical feature of the region. Gaibach has two vineyards, in the north in the castle park (Gaibacher Schloßpark) and in the east (Gaibacher Kapellenberg). Both come from the former Gräflich Schönborn'schen domain cellar and are now privately managed. The Kapellenberg belongs to the Volkacher Kirchberg area, while the Schloßpark is free from large areas.

Vineyard Size 1978 Size 1993 Compass direction Slope Main grape varieties Great location
Kapellenberg 1.6 ha 30.0 ha South East 15% Müller-Thurgau , Silvaner , Riesling , Black Riesling Volkacher Kirchberg
Castle Park 6.8 ha 12.0 ha south 15% Silvaner , Müller-Thurgau large-scale free

traffic

For a long time Gaibach was an important traffic junction at the northern exit of the Mainschleife. In the High Middle Ages, a route led from Würzburg via Prosselsheim , take the ferry and then via Heidenfeld to Schweinfurt. In addition, the road to Gerolzhofen and Donnersdorf in the direction of Haßfurt branched off directly in front of the castle . At first there was no connection between Astheim / Volkach and Schweinfurt, this only changed with the construction of the Volkach Main Bridge in the 19th century.

Today several district roads cross the village of Gaibach. The most important street is the State Road 2271 , which comes from the south in the direction of Kolitzheim and leads directly past the town center. A bypass road has been negotiated since 2015 , as goods traffic to Schweinfurt is directed through the town. After a citizens' initiative , in which the construction load should be given to the Free State of Bavaria, the plans are currently not being pursued.

The district roads KT 32, 33 and 35 lead through the district of Gaibach. The district road SW 37 ends in the east of the village area, where it turns into Balthasar-Neumann-Straße. The road KT 33 in the southeast leads in the direction of Obervolkach along the district border, while the district road KT 32 coming from the southwest ends in Gaibach. It runs from Fahr. From here the road KT 35 branches off to the north and leads through the Öttershausen estate.

Only a few buses go to Gaibach with the Schweinfurter Straße stop. Due to the thoroughfare in the direction of Schweinfurt, the bus between Volkach, Schwebheim and Schweinfurt heads for the village. Gaibach is part of the route of the Mainschleifen-Shuttle, which makes a loop around the Mainschleife communities between spring and autumn. In addition, the city of Volkach set up the so-called citizens' bus . It stops in Gaibach twice a week.

The Franconian Marienweg leads through Gaibach .

education

The kindergarten in the center of the village accepts children aged 18 months and over. It offers the children preparation for school. Special features include English courses and nature education offers. Excursions to various destinations on the Mainschleife and visits to companies in the vicinity complement the educational offer.

The logo of the Franken-Landschulheim Schloss Gaibach

For a long time Gaibach had its own elementary school in the village. The old school building on Schweinfurter Straße was converted into a district meeting point and equipped with a siren on the roof. Gaibach is part of the Volkach school district with the elementary school there, which combines elementary and secondary schools. Schoolchildren can complete the qualifying secondary school leaving certificate and the secondary school leaving certificate via the so-called M-branch.

The Franken-Landschulheim Schloss Gaibach (FLSH for short) is located in Gaibach, a grammar school with secondary school and boarding school. The school was established in 1949 and was founded by the Bavarian Land Schools Association. Many schools in the cities were destroyed, and many refugees had to be educated. After the first class was dismissed with the Abitur in 1956, the school continued to grow in the following decades. In 1968 the secondary school was opened. Today the high school presents itself as an all-day school that offers several courses. The linguistic branch is older, while the economic and social science branch was introduced later. The Realschule is divided into four branches. In addition to mathematics, science and technology, economics and foreign languages, the Franken-Landschulheim also offers a musical and creative branch.

Associations and associations

In Gaibach there is a volunteer fire brigade that is organized in a fire brigade association. The fire station, built between 1952 and 1955, is located on Schweinfurter Strasse. Currently the house is behind the old school. The current commanding officer is Daniel Schmitt. The Gaibacher fire brigade has a multi-purpose transport vehicle, a fire fighting group vehicle 8/10 with all-wheel drive and a trailer ladder 16/4.

The Gaibach school fire brigade is a specialty. In 1984 it was founded as a unique feature of the Bavarian school landscape in the Franken-Landschulheim. After the equipment had been donated by the volunteer fire brigades in the area and the students had passed the necessary performance tests, the fire brigade began its first operations in 1994, although these were limited to the school premises.

Other clubs are the CSU - local association and the Gaibacher youth club in the old school. The Gaibach Kolping Family as part of the worldwide, Catholic social association is committed to adult education and international, humanitarian projects. In addition, some Gaibachers organize themselves in a sports club.

Personalities

The altarpiece of the parish church shows three generations of the Schönborn family. Some of the counts also worked in Gaibach

A large number of important personalities worked in Gaibach, even if only a few of them were born in the village. The village lord and builder of the Gaibach Castle, Valentin Echter von Mespelbrunn (1550–1624) died on the Öttershausen estate near Gaibach. Bishop Lothar Franz von Schönborn (1655–1729) then had the palace rebuilt in the Baroque style and a magnificent garden laid out. His successor Friedrich Carl von Schönborn (1674–1746) continued to sponsor Gaibach in the 18th century; today's parish church goes back to him. His uncle Rudolf Franz Erwein von Schönborn (1677–1754) died in 1754 in the residence Schloss Gaibach. After the dissolution of the Gaibach rule, Franz Erwein von Schönborn-Wiesentheid (1776-1840) withdrew to the castle in the village and had it surrounded by an English landscape park. The member of the Reichstag Clemens August von Schönborn-Wiesentheid (1810–1877) was born in Gaibach .

The Jesuit Johann Joseph Pfriem (also Pfrim, Pfriemb, 1711 – after 1771) was born in Gaibach . He was a professor of ethics and physics at the University of Mainz . Later he taught as a professor of theology in Bamberg and Fulda . Pfriem was also Rector of the College of Speyer. He also worked as a theological and legal writer.

The lords of the village also supported some of the artists who worked in Gaibach through the brisk construction activity. Above all, Balthasar Neumann (1687–1753) should be mentioned, who built the Trinity Church. Its Bamberg counterpart, the court architect Leonhard Dientzenhofer (1660–1707), could be engaged for the castle . The constitutional column in the palace gardens goes back to the classicist master builder Leo von Klenze (1784–1864) in the 19th century .

Wilhelm Joseph Behr (1775–1851) was Mayor of Würzburg from 1821 to 1832. He gave a speech at the Gaibach constitution festival in which he criticized the king and his constitution. He was then deposed by the city council and sentenced to imprisonment. In recognition of its services, the Franken-Landschulheim awards the Wilhelm-Joseph-Behr-Preis for extraordinary achievements in the subject of history.

During the Second World War the painter Ludwig Weninger (1904–1945) was stationed in Gaibach. When the 7th US Army advanced, Weninger hid in the Öttershausen estate and was shot while attempting to escape on April 11, 1945. He was buried in the Gaibach cemetery, his grave is marked on April 12th. Gaibach awarded Father Chlodwig Hornung (1908–1985), a missionary in Tanzania, with honorary citizenship in 1976.

literature

Literature about Gaibach

  • Gerhard Egert: Balthasar Neumann and Gaibach. In: Ute Feuerbach (Ed.): Our Main Loop. 1978-1992 . Volkach 2008, pp. 229-240.
  • Gerhard Egert: Gaibach - An outline of his local history up to 1806. In: Ute Feuerbach (Hrsg.): Our Main Loop. 1978-1992 . Volkach 2008, pp. 16-20.
  • Ute Feuerbach: The dignitaries in Gaibach since 1597 . In: Ute Feuerbach (Ed.): Our Main Loop. 2008-2017 . Volkach 2018, pp. 47–55.
  • Franken-Landschulheim Schloss Gaibach (Ed.): Franken-Landschulheim Schloss Gaibach. 50 years. Festschrift and annual report. 1949-1999 . Gerolzhofen 1999.
  • Franz Josef Hassel: Gaibach . In: Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum Mainz (ed.): Guide to prehistoric and early historical monuments Volume 27. Würzburg • Karlstadt • Iphofen • Schweinfurt . Mainz 1975. pp. 309-310.
  • Katholisches Pfarramt Gaibach (Ed.): Gaibach, parish church and Kreuzkapelle . Gerchsheim 2012.
  • Victor Metzner: The Golden Lion in Gaibach - an inn belonging to the Schönborn family. In: Yearbook for the district of Kitzingen 2009. In the spell of the Schwanberg. Dettelbach 2009, pp. 197-206.
  • Victor Metzner: 150 years of the constitutional column in Gaibach. In: Ute Feuerbach (Ed.): Our Main Loop. 1978-1992 . Volkach 2008, pp. 13-16.
  • Victor Metzner: Lordship and viticulture in Gaibach up to the 17th century . In: Yearbook for the district of Kitzingen 2015. Under the spell of the Schwanberg . Dettelbach 2015. pp. 217-230.
  • Herbert Meyer: The constitutional column and its history. In: Ute Feuerbach (Ed.): Our Main Loop. 1993-2007 . Volkach 2008, pp. 181-187.
  • Herbert Meyer: Joseph Behr and the Gaibacher Festival of 1832. In: Ute Feuerbach (Hrsg.): Our Main Loop. 1978-1992 . Volkach 2008, pp. 114–124.
  • Herbert Meyer: Soldiers' grave in Gaibach - Ludwig Weninger . In: Ute Feuerbach (Ed.): Our Main Loop. 2008-2017 . Volkach 2018, pp. 132–135.
  • Erich Schneider: The churches in Gaibach (= Schnell art guide No. 1464) . Regensburg 4 2000.
  • Zweckverband Bayrische Landschulheime (Ed.): Gaibach. Art and history . Gerolzhofen no year

Other literature used

  • Hans Bauer: District of Kitzingen. An art and culture guide . Market wide 1993.
  • Gerhard Egert: The honorary citizens of the city of Volkach. In: Ute Feuerbach (Ed.): Our Main Loop. 1993-2007 . Volkach 2008, pp. 52-59.
  • Gerhard Egert: The place names as a historical settlement source. Situation structure and interpretation. In: Ute Feuerbach (Ed.): Volkach. 906-2006 . Volkach 2006, pp. 11-17.
  • Ute Feuerbach, Christa Volk: Volkach and its districts . Erfurt 2011.
  • Johann Ludwig Klarmann: The Steigerwald in the past. A contribution to Franconian cultural studies . Gerolzhofen 2 1909.
  • Johann Ludwig Klarmann, Karl Spiegel: Legends and sketches from the Steigerwald. Reprint of the 1912 edition . Neustadt an der Aisch 1982.
  • Franz Pfrang: History of viticulture on the Main loop. In: Ute Feuerbach (Ed.): Our Main Loop. 1978-1992 . Volkach 2008, pp. 23-29.
  • Anke Ruppert, Karl Heinrich Brückner: Pilgrimage to Dettelbach today - an inventory . In: Karl Heinrich Brückner, Peter Ruderich, Anke Ruppert, Reinhard Worschech: Maria help, it's time. From the story of the pilgrimage to “Maria im Sand” Dettelbach . Dettelbach 2005. pp. 31-167.
  • Michael Steinbacher: Slavic traces along the Volkacher Mainschleife . In: Yearbook for the district of Kitzingen 2017. Under the spell of the Schwanberg . Dettelbach 2017. pp. 303–323.
  • Karl Treutwein: From Abtswind to Zeilitzheim. History, sights, traditions . Volkach 4 1987.

Web links

Commons : Gaibach  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikivoyage: Gaibach  - travel guide

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Geography Giersbeck: Map 152 Würzburg , PDF file, accessed on January 10 of 2019.
  2. ↑ a b Gerhard Egert: The place names as a historical settlement source. Situation structure and interpretation. P. 13 f.
  3. ↑ Gaibach Catholic Parish Office (ed.): Gaibach, Parish Church and Kreuzkapelle. P. 2.
  4. ↑ a b Gerhard Egert: Gaibach - An outline of his local history up to 1806. P. 17.
  5. ↑ Gaibach Catholic Parish Office (ed.): Gaibach, Parish Church and Kreuzkapelle. P. 3.
  6. ↑ a b Gerhard Egert: Gaibach - An outline of his local history up to 1806. P. 18.
  7. ↑ Herbert Meyer: The constitution column and its history. P. 184.
  8. ↑ Herbert Meyer: Joseph Behr and the Gaibacher Festival of 1832. P. 122.
  9. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 747 .
  10. ↑ a b Bavarian State Statistical Office (ed.): Official city directory for Bavaria, territorial status on October 1, 1964 with statistical information from the 1961 census . Issue 260 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich 1964, DNB  453660959 , Section II, Sp. 866 ( digitized version ).
  11. ↑ Steinbacher, Michael: Slavic traces along the Volkacher Mainschleife . P. 310.
  12. ^ Volkach town hall.
  13. ↑ Ute Feuerbach and others: Volkach and its districts. P. 109 f.
  14. ↑ Volkach.de: City Councilor, Holger Scheidig ( Memento of the original from May 2, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed April 30, 2016. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.volkach.de
  15. ↑ Feuerbach, Ute: The dignitaries in Gaibach since 1597 . P. 52.
  16. ↑ Feuerbach, Ute: The dignitaries in Gaibach since 1597 . P. 53.
  17. ↑ Stefan Kummer : Architecture and fine arts from the beginnings of the Renaissance to the end of the Baroque. In: Ulrich Wagner (Hrsg.): History of the city of Würzburg. 4 volumes; Volume 2: From the Peasants' War in 1525 to the transition to the Kingdom of Bavaria in 1814. Theiss, Stuttgart 2004, ISBN 3-8062-1477-8 , pp. 576–678 and 942–952, here: pp. 647–666.
  18. ↑ Kgl. Statistisches Bureau (Ed.): Directory of the municipalities of the Kingdom of Bavaria according to the status of the population in December 1867 . XXI. Issue of the contributions to the statistics of the Kingdom of Bavaria. Ackermann, Munich 1869, p. 203 ( digitized version ).
  19. ↑ Kgl. Statistical Bureau (ed.): Complete list of localities of the Kingdom of Bavaria. According to districts, administrative districts, court districts and municipalities, including parish, school and post office affiliation ... with an alphabetical general register containing the population according to the results of the census of December 1, 1875 . Adolf Ackermann, Munich 1877, 2nd section (population figures from 1871, cattle figures from 1873), Sp. 1300–1301 , urn : nbn: de: bvb: 12-bsb00052489-4 ( digital copy ).
  20. ↑ K. Bayer. Statistical Bureau (Ed.): Localities directory of the Kingdom of Bavaria. According to government districts, administrative districts, ... then with an alphabetical register of locations, including the property and the responsible administrative district for each location. LIV. Issue of the contributions to the statistics of the Kingdom of Bavaria. Munich 1888, Section III, Sp. 1235 ( digitized version ).
  21. ↑ K. Bayer. Statistical Bureau (Ed.): Directory of localities of the Kingdom of Bavaria, with alphabetical register of places . LXV. Issue of the contributions to the statistics of the Kingdom of Bavaria. Munich 1904, Section II, Sp. 1317 ( digitized version ).
  22. ↑ Bavarian State Statistical Office (ed.): Localities directory for the Free State of Bavaria according to the census of June 16, 1925 and the territorial status of January 1, 1928 . Issue 109 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich 1928, Section II, Sp. 1355 ( digitized version ).
  23. ↑ Bavarian State Statistical Office (ed.): Official place directory for Bavaria - edited on the basis of the census of September 13, 1950 . Issue 169 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich 1952, DNB  453660975 , Section II, Sp. 1184 ( digitized version ).
  24. ^ Bavarian State Statistical Office (ed.): Official place directory for Bavaria . Issue 335 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich 1973, DNB  740801384 , p. 188 ( digitized version ).
  25. ↑ Bavarian State Office for Statistics and Data Processing (Ed.): Official local directory for Bavaria, territorial status: May 25, 1987 . Issue 450 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich November 1991, DNB  94240937X , p. 366 ( digitized version ).
  26. ^ Hans Bauer: District of Kitzingen. P. 22.
  27. ^ Christian Lorey: Gaibach, parish church and cross chapel. P. 6.
  28. ↑ Ruppert, Anke (and others): Pilgrimage to Dettelbach today . P. 65.
  29. ↑ Weinfest-Gaibach: Gaibacher-Schloss-Weinfest , accessed on May 20, 2016.
  30. ^ Karl Treutwein: From Abtswind to Zeilitzheim. P. 86 f.
  31. ↑ Klarmann, Johann Ludwig (among others): Legends and sketches from the Steigerwald . P. 202.
  32. ↑ Klarmann, Johann Ludwig (among others): Legends and sketches from the Steigerwald . P. 153.
  33. ↑ Beuerlein-Erdbau: Homepage , accessed on June 1, 2016.
  34. ^ Franz Pfrang: History of viticulture on the Main loop. P. 27.
  35. ^ Hans Bauer: District of Kitzingen. P. 190.
  36. ^ Victor Metzner: The Golden Lion in Gaibach. P. 198.
  37. ↑ Main-Post: Bypassing remains a game of patience , accessed on May 31, 2016.
  38. ↑ VVM-Info: Flyer Bürgerbus Volkach , PDF file, accessed on June 7, 2016.
  39. ↑ Kindergarten-Gaibach ( Memento of the original from January 13, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed June 9, 2016. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.kindergarten-gaibach.de
  40. ↑ Franken-Landschulheim Schloss Gaibach (ed.): Franken-Landschulheim Schloss Gaibach 1949–1999. P. 27.
  41. ↑ FLSH: Locations , accessed June 10, 2016.
  42. ↑ oA: The county Gerolzhofen from 1952 to 1955 . Gerolzhofen 1955, p. 8.
  43. ↑ Feuerwehr-Gaibach: Fire-fighting vehicles in the district of Kitzingen , accessed on June 3, 2016.
  44. ↑ Franken-Landschulheim Schloss Gaibach (ed.): Franken-Landschulheim Schloss Gaibach 1949–1999. P. 86 f.
  45. ↑ Klarmann, Johann Ludwig: The Steigerwald in the past . P. 194.
  46. ↑ Feuerbach, Ute: Soldiers' grave in Gaibach - Ludwig Weninger . P. 134 f.
  47. ^ Gerhard Egert: The honorary citizens of the city of Volkach. P. 57.