Trinity Church (Gaibach)
The Church of the Holy Trinity is one of the landmarks of the village of Gaibach . It stands opposite the former Schönborn Palace on Schweinfurter Strasse. The church was built between 1743 and 1745 by the builder Balthasar Neumann as the patronage church of the Schönborn family. Today it belongs to the dean's office in Kitzingen .
history
Changing village rulers shaped Gaibach until the 17th century. From a church perspective, the village remained insignificant until the Echter von Mespelbrunn family became Lords of Gaibach in 1579. The place then experienced a heyday with the rule of the Count's line of Schönborn, who gave Gaibach a church by the builder Balthasar Neumann.
There was a church building in Gaibach for the first time after 1270. At that time Irmengard von Hohenfeld acquired the place and had a small chapel built on the site of today's cemetery . This church was dedicated to St. Wolfgang. In 1579 the family of the Echter von Mespelbrunn received the rule of the village. The brother of the Würzburg prince-bishop Julius Echter , Valentin, then pushed ahead with the construction of a church with the support of his brother. It was inaugurated in 1610. Previously, in 1596, Gaibach was raised to a parish and parish from Volkach.
A few years later, in 1650, Gaibach joined the Schönborn family . Philipp Erwein von Schönborn renovated the local castle. His successor, Prince-Bishop Friedrich Karl von Schönborn , planned to expand the parish church into the patronage church. In 1740 he commissioned his court builder Balthasar Neumann to do this. On August 24, 1740 there were first plans to rebuild the church. Cardinal Damian Hugo von Schönborn , Friedrich Karl's brother, contributed 800 guilders to the building. The advantages of a completely new building were quickly recognized and the plans changed accordingly in 1741.
In 1743 the foundation stone for the new building was laid under the sacristy. At the end of 1744 the nave was already in the shell. The death of site manager Johann Josef Fischbacher only halted work for a short time. He was replaced by Adam Stahr from Gerlachshausen . Both master builders changed Neumann's plans slightly during their tenure. By April 13, 1745, the old tower was demolished and replaced by a new building. This work was completed by a gold cross over the dome . The church was consecrated on September 5, 1745.
Renovations took place in 1880 and 1958. In between, the swampy area around the church was drained. With extensive renovations in the years 1977–1979. some changes were made inside the church. For example, a new, larger sacristy was added. The Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation runs the building under the number D-6-75-174-253. The underground remains of the previous development are classified as a ground monument.
architecture
The church is east and has a simple, two-bay nave. This is followed by a transversely oval rotunda. Three bean-shaped apses are attached. In the east is the church tower. The floor plan approaches a cross.
Facade, nave and rotunda
The sandstone facade in the west of the church is painted ocher yellow and structured by pilasters that protrude to different degrees . A central portal with an ox's eye above is framed by two three-sided pilasters. Two long arched windows with highlighted keystones frame the facade. A mezzanine is separated by a cornice. A round arch niche merges centrally into a triangular gable. Travées surround the center with volutes crowned with vases .
In the north and south, two window axes each adjoin the nave, which is externally structured by pilaster strips and light plastered fields and has a saddle roof . It goes further east over an intermediate yoke into the domed rotunda with bean-shaped apses on three sides. The eastern apse forms the choir of the church. There is another window axis on both sides.
Inside, a cross vault spans the nave. The rotunda stands out due to the vaults with arched arcades and the four richly grooved pillars. The vaulted caps of the apses lead to the central rotunda. The walls of the church are slightly troughed inside.
tower
The tower in the east of the church is three-story, the basement comes from the old church and was taken over by Balthasar Neumann in the new building. The two lower floors are kept simple and, like the nave, structured by corner pilasters and light-colored plastered surfaces. The windows of different heights end with round arches . A cornice leads to the eight-sided upper floor made of ocher-yellow painted sandstone with bevelled corners. Vases that merge into pilasters are enthroned on the volutes on the smaller sides. Four windows with segmented gable roofing structure the storey. Sound arcades lead the sound of the bell house outside. On each side there are clocks above the windows. A constricted eight-sided dome, typical of the master builder Neumann, closes the tower at the top. It is crowned by the golden tower ball and a cross as a wind direction indicator.
Furnishing
The work on the outside of the church was finished early, the interior decoration dragged on for a long time. Originally it was planned to furnish the old church with some epitaphs , but the new furnishings were adapted to the architecture.
High altar
Shortly after construction, the altars came into the church in 1747/1748, whose stucco marble retable was made by Antonino Bossi , the plasterer of the Würzburg residence . The altar sheet of the largest and most magnificent of the three altars with a two-column structure in the center of the choir apse in the east of the church is framed by round columns marbled blue.
On the remains of the cornice of a broken architrave above the columns stand two obelisks with the symbols of the Schönborn family, a crook and a sword. In the middle is the altar extract, surrounded by putti and angel heads, with the eye of providence in a cloud halo. On the outer edges of the altar the Saints Karl and Friedrich allude to the founder Friedrich Karl von Schönborn.
The most famous members of the Schönborn family are depicted on the central altarpiece , painted in 1748 by Franz Lippold . They pay homage to the Most Holy Trinity. From left to right these are Johann Philipp Franz , Lothar Franz , Franz Georg , Damian Hugo, Marquard Wilhelm, Rudolf Franz Erwein and Anselm Franz and in the front row Friedrich Karl, Johann Philipp , Philipp Erwein and Melchior Friedrich von Schönborn.
Side altars
In the back of the rotunda, to the left and right of the choir, there are two side altars, the retable of which was also created by Antonio Bossi and which are largely similar in shape and structure. They have no pillars, but are framed by two pilasters attached to the side , so-called flank pilasters. There are tendrils below the altarpieces, and putti figures cavort on both altars. Between the broken architrave there is a central dove as a symbol of the Holy Spirit.
On the right in the altar sheet the glory of St. Nepomuk is depicted. The design was made by Franz Anton Zeiller in 1745; his teacher Gottfried Bernhard Göz carried out the work in 1748. The Lamentation of Christ by an unknown painter in the style of Van Dyck is on the left.
organ
Parts of the organ with a splendid prospect on the west gallery, in the church since 1748, date from the time it was built, the 1840s. There were only changes in the intonation of the registers .
The organ is the work of the Würzburg court organ maker Johann Philipp Seuffert and is considered one of the best preserved works by this artist. At the beginning of the 20th century, the bellows and the disposition were changed. Further changes to the organ followed in 1978 by Otto Hofmann from Ostheim vor der Rhön . The last renovation was in 1997 by the Vleugels company .
The organ case is the joint work of different artists. Martin Gutmann from Wiesentheid created the finely divided pine woodwork. Some parts of the decoration were made in linden wood. In 1750 and 1751, the Kitzingen sculptor Reiner Wierl added the central coat of arms of the Counts of Schönborn, framed by two lions, in the middle of the case.
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- Coupling : working pedal coupling
- Tuning pitch: 447 Hz at 18 ° C
- Mood: Equal
Bells
The bells of the four-part peal came into the church at different times. The two oldest come from the previous church of the Echter von Mespelbrunn, a third came into the belfry when the Neumann church was built. The youngest bell was cast by the Schilling company in Heidelberg after the Second World War. The bell from the 18th century comes from the workshop of Johann Adam Roth in Würzburg.
| Surname | Keynote | Casting year | diameter | Weight | inscription |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ave Maria bell | b ' | 1st half of the 14th century | 93.5 cm | "AVE MARIA GRACIA PLENA DOMINVS TECVM BENEDICTA" | |
| Marienbell | c '' | 1963 | 83.3 cm | 401 kg | |
| Ear-of-ear Christophskraut bell | d '' | 1616 | 76.5 cm | "ZV GOTTES WVRTLICH (?) SIGMVND ARNOLT VON FVLDA GOS ME 1616" | |
| Trinity Bell | e '' | 1745 | 60.5 cm | 130 kg | "LAUDATE DOMINUM IN SANCTIS EIUS LAUDATE EUM IN FIRMAMENTO VIRTUTIS EIUS" |
Further equipment
The carving of the walnut pulpit on the right side of the nave was carried out by Reiner Wierl from Kitzingen. The Wiesentheider Hofmeister Johann Georg Neßtfell comes into consideration as the carpenter of the pulpit body . An angel's head serves as a console for the body. The sound cover is decorated with volutes, and a risen Christ crowns the pulpit.
The confessionals are also from Rainer Wierl. Its structure is kept simple, only the attachments are framed with shell work. Two figures on consoles in the nave represent Mary as Queen of Heaven and the Child Jesus with a crucifix . The depiction of the Way of the Cross around the nave dates from the time the church was built.
A simple gallery in the west of the church, supported by two round columns, completely fills the wall. The fittings and key plates of the portal were designed by Johann Georg Oegg from Würzburg. Its use as a patronage church can also be seen in the richness of the altarpiece. The baptismal font with pilasters in the left side of the rotunda has the imperial orb on its lid.
Pastor
At the end of the 16th century, Gaibach was raised to an independent parish . The pastors of Gaibach have therefore been proven since 1597. For some people, especially those from the early days of the parish, there is uncertainty as to whether they really held this office. During the Thirty Years' War the parish remained vacant for a long time, only in 1669 was a priest in Gaibach again, whose name does not appear in the sources. Since the beginning of the 21st century, the parish has been provided by foreign parish administrators .
| Surname | Term of office | Remarks | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Balthasar Jordans | 1597-1601 | from July 1597 to November 1601, uncertain | |||||
| Johannes Peschmann | 1601-1608 | from December 1601 to November 1608, uncertain | |||||
| Paulus Denner | 1608-1636 | * around 1583, 1632 to 1636 at the same time in the Bartholomäuskirche in Volkach, † February 21, 1636 | |||||
| 1636–1669 unoccupied, 1669–1691 unclear | |||||||
| Joachim Sennfelder | 1691-1694 | from October 1691 to October 1694 | |||||
| Johannes Hunter | 1694-1712 | from November 1694 to January 1712 | |||||
| Johannes Jakoby | 1712-1718 | from February 1712 | |||||
| Hermann Jordans | 1718-1754 | ||||||
| Andreas Zinner | 1754-1785 | previously first curate of the Catholic Church in Zeilitzheim Castle | |||||
| Johann Michael Josef Dotzel | 1785-1790 | ||||||
| Andreas Friedrich | 1790-1809 | ||||||
| Karl Werner | 1809-1810 | ||||||
| Michael Johannes | 1810 | from July to September 1810 | |||||
| Sebastian porter | 1811-1825 | * 1773, until May 1825, † 1860 | |||||
| Adam Herterich | 1826-1848 | Parish administrator , until May 1848 | |||||
| Maximilian Josef Schleis | 1848-1853 | ||||||
| Andreas Karl Vollmuth | 1853-1857 | ||||||
| Hugo Franz Vollmuth | 1857-1872 | ||||||
| Sebastian Mahler | 1872-1890 | Chaplain | |||||
| Georg Adam tribe | 1890-1897 | ||||||
| Adam Duke | 1897-1910 | ||||||
| Franz Albert | 1910-1916 | ||||||
| Richard Mühlbauer | 1916-1950 | ||||||
| Johann Baptist Geisel | 1950-1972 | ||||||
| Josef Maria knife | 1972-1982 | ||||||
| Otto Bussmann | 1982 | ||||||
| Hans Joachim Schulz | 1982-1995 | ||||||
| Erwin Meier | 1995-1999 | Parish administrator | |||||
| Andreas Bracharz | 1999-2006 | Parish administrator | |||||
| Father Joseph | 2006 | Parish administrator from India | |||||
| Tadeusz Kaczmarek | 2006 | Parish administrator from Poland | |||||
| Gaston Francois Bindele Manga | 2006 – acting | Priest in Mbalmayo , Cameroon , parish administrator, since 2007 also administrator of Obervolkach and Rimbach | |||||
literature
- Hans Bauer: District of Kitzingen. An art and culture guide . Market wide 1993.
- Hans Bauer: The Kitzinger Land. Valuables, monuments, curiosities. Volume II . Volkach 2007.
- Georg Dehio : Handbook of the German art monuments. Bavaria I: Franconia . Berlin and Munich 1999.
- Gerhard Egert: Balthasar Neumann and Gaibach . In: Ute Feuerbach (Ed.): Our Main Loop. 1978-1992 . Volkach 2008.
- Ute Feuerbach: The dignitaries of Gaibach since 1597 . In: Ute Feuerbach (Ed.): Our Main Loop. 2008-2017 . Volkach 2018. pp. 47–55.
- Erich Schneider: The churches in Gaibach . In: Quick Art Guide. No. 1464 . Regensburg 1984.
- Karl Treutwein : From Abtswind to Zeilitzheim. History, sights, traditions . Volkach 1987.
- Thomas Wehner: Real Schematism of the Diocese of Würzburg. Kitzingen Dean's Office . Wuerzburg 1997.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Egert, Gerhard: Balthasar Neumann and Gaibach . P. 233.
- ↑ a b Dehio, Georg: Handbook of German Art Monuments . P. 369.
- ^ Schneider, Erich: The churches in Gaibach . P. 3.
- ↑ Geodata: Monument number D-6-75-174-253 ( Memento of the original from July 13, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed April 29, 2013.
- ^ Treutwein, Karl: From Abtswind to Zeilitzheim . P. 84.
- ^ Bauer, Hans: District of Kitzingen . P. 22.
- ^ Bauer, Hans: The Kitzinger Land . P. 79 f.
- ^ Schneider, Erich: The churches in Gaibach . P. 10.
- ↑ Orgelmanufactur Vleugels: Gaibach, Hl. Dreifaltigkeit , accessed on December 8, 2013.
- ↑ Wehner, Thomas: Real Schematism of the Diocese of Würzburg . P. 72 f.
- ^ Treutwein, Karl: From Abtswind to Zeilitzheim . P. 83.
- ^ Schneider, Erich: The churches in Gaibach . P. 10.
- ↑ Feuerbach, Ute: The dignitaries in Gaibach since 1597 . P. 53.
Churches: Dreifaltigkeitskirche (Gaibach) | Evangelical Church (Krautheim) | Mariä Schutz (Vogelsburg) | Maria in the vineyard | St. Andreas (Koehler) | St. Bartholomäus and St. Georg (Volkach) | St. Georg (Rimbach) | St. Johannes Baptist (Escherndorf) | St. John Baptist (Fahr) | St. Johannes Evangelist (Astheim) | St. Maria de Rosario (Dimbach) | St. Michael (Volkach) | St. Nikolaus (Obervolkach) | St. Stephanus (Eichfeld)
Chapels: Field Chapel (Volkach) | Cemetery chapel (Fahr) | Holy Cross Chapel (Gaibach) | Jesus on the Wies (Rimbach) | Kreuzkapelle (Fahr) | Lourdes Chapel (Escherndorf) | Michaelskapelle (Obervolkach) | Round Chapel (Astheim)
Profane churches: Klosterkirche (Astheim)
Coordinates: 49 ° 53 '26 " N , 10 ° 13' 39" E