Volkach (Volkach)
|
Volkach
City of Volkach
|
|
|---|---|
 |
|
| Height : | 203 m above sea level NHN |
| Area : | 15.64 km² |
| Residents : | 4336 (1987) |
| Population density : | 277 inhabitants / km² |
| Postal code : | 97332 |
| Area code : | 09381 |
 Location of Volkach (bold) within the municipal area
|
|
 |
|
Volkach is the capital of the city of Volkach in the Lower Franconian district of Kitzingen in Bavaria . Today, as the largest and most populous district, it forms the center of the political community of Volkach. Volkach became a city as early as the 13th century. At first it was the most important place in the medieval Grafschaft Castell before it became part of the Bishopric of Würzburg . In the past, Volkach was one of the administrative centers at the Main Triangle .
The city is located on the so-called Volkacher Mainschleife , which is the largest meandering river landscape in Bavaria and has been declared a landscape and nature reserve. In terms of cultural history, the Mainschleife is shaped by viticulture. In the Middle Ages, Volkach was an important wine trading center in the Franconian wine-growing region, and the population grew their own wine. Today the Volkacher products are marketed under the site name Volkacher Ratsherr .
In addition to viticulture, the preserved old town is the main attraction today . The city was declared a state-recognized resort by the Bavarian government in the 1970s. The German Academy for Children's and Young People's Literature is located in Volkach today, and the city is also the seat of an administrative association . The city of Volkach is the second largest municipality in the Kitzingen district. In the 1980s, the Mainfrankenkaserne was built, which made Volkach a military base .
Geographical location
Geography and natural location
Volkach is centrally located in the area of the political municipality. The districts are arranged in a star shape around the city. Thus, in the north Gaibach to find, located in the northeast Obervolkach . The district of Rimbach begins in the east some distance away . The parish village of Eichfeld rises to the southeast . The municipality of Schwarzach am Main begins only in the south with the area of the village of Gerlachshausen , while the villages of Nordheim am Main and Sommerach near Hallburg begin in the southwest . Astheim lies to the west, separated by the Main . The road to Fahr in the west runs along the Main .
Closest, larger cities are Kitzingen , about 15 kilometers away, and Schweinfurt , about 20 kilometers away. The next big city is Würzburg, 23 kilometers away .
Volkach is naturally located in the area of the Volkacher Mainschleife, which is counted as a subunit of the Middle Main Valley of the Mainfränkische Platten .
The city lies in the Maingau climate zone , which is one of the driest and warmest climate zones in Germany. This also explains the local viticulture. Geologically, the Main deposited ice-age Main sands and gravel at the site of the city. The rocks of the Upper Muschelkalk can also be found around Volkach . Today, together with the stones of the Lettenkeuper found in the far north of the district , they predominantly carry the typical vineyards around the city.
Characteristic for the city is the location at the apex of the so-called Volkacher Mainschleife. This river meander landscape is the largest of its kind in Bavaria. It was created after the formation of the first valleys during the Pleistocene , when the Upper Main was connected to the Main System that still exists today. The second most important body of water in the Volkach district is the Volkach brook itself, which accompanies part of the city wall and flows into the Main from the Steigerwald .
In addition, the Eschbachgraben, the Heiligenbach, the Ölberggraben, the Rotenbach, the Rothenbühlgraben, the Sommerach and some unnamed ditches around Volkach mostly flow towards the Main. In the 1950s, the Volkacher Main Canal was built, which bypasses the narrow loop of the river Main and after the barrage Astheim, opposite the city, is led to Gerlachshausen. Shortly before its mouth, the Volkachbach runs through a culvert under the canal.
Local division
In the center of the Volkach district is the medieval old town, which, as a two-gate town, is oriented towards the northwest or south. Outside the walled core city, the Lower Suburb in the northwest and the Upper Suburb in the South adjoin the old buildings. Alongside the market square and the goose market in the old town, the Obere Markt was one of Volkach's trading centers. In the north and west in particular, the remains of the old trenches have been preserved, which are now used as gardens by private individuals.
To the east of the old town there is an area where the hospital , the primary and secondary school (with the indoor pool), a large multi-purpose hall , a kindergarten and the citizens' hospital can be found today. The Volkach also approaches the city from the east; the Schaubmühle and the Herrenmühle are located on it. Both were districts of Volkach in the 19th century and are today largely fused with the city. The city cemetery has been in the east of the Upper Suburb since the 16th century .
Another area was created at the beginning of the 20th century with the train station in the north-west of the old town or west of the upper suburb. In addition to the train station, which has now been converted into a youth center , and the former post office, the first industrial settlements soon emerged here, which today stretch south to the former court of justice on Galgenberg, which is now the Sonnenberg industrial area . The approximately 5 hectare city lake, also called Berzgrube, can be found here on the edge of the built-up area. The lake offers a habitat for many insect species in particular.
In the west of the old town in the direction of the Main there is also the so-called Hindenburgpark, which today is mainly used as a wine festival site. The Volkach open-air swimming pool was built further to the north-west . Several sports clubs and their sites as well as a campsite are located here . The orientation in the direction of the Main is made clear by the river port Volkach at river kilometer 306 with the confluence of the lock canal and a dock for passenger ships as well as by the Main bridge at this point. The future layout of a main promenade is the subject of controversy ( see also shipping ).
| Former districts |
|---|
| Herrenmühle |
| Kirchberg |
| Schaubmühle |
The old town is now almost completely enclosed by residential areas, only along the Volkachbach one has so far dispensed with closed development. As early as the 19th century, villas were built on the arteries, especially towards Obervolkach. In 1929 and 1937 two-family houses were built on other roadsides, the so-called New Settlement. In 1957, areas were created in the southeast between Eichfelder Straße and Erlachweg with Julius-Echter- Platz as the center. Around 1970, the residential area around Sonnenstrasse was built, while in the 1980s, building work began on the area north of the old town. The newest residential areas emerged north of the Schaubmühle in the 21st century.
There are also agricultural areas around today's city. To the north is the Sambühl corridor , which today is mostly planted with vines. The so-called Erlachhöfe, several Aussiedlerhöfe , adjoin the built-up area in the southeast . The Hartwald begins as a city forest further to the southeast . The Mainfrankenkaserne settled in the south in the 1980s. A little further south of the barracks, the village of Ulberg was to be found until the 17th century, which is now part of the Volkach district as a total urban desert.
Today, separated by the Main Canal, the Hallburg, palace and manor , is located in the southwest. It came to the city as a district in 1955. The area in the northwest of the old town is historically particularly significant. The pilgrimage church Maria im Weingarten is located on the Kirchberg or Marienberg , an old way of the cross connects the city with the church. The Kirchberg was also an independent district of Volkach in the 19th century. In a later time a resettler's farm, the Marienhof, was built below.
See also: Altstadt (Volkach) , Obere Vorstadt (Volkach) , Untere Vorstadt (Volkach) , Ulberg and Hallburg (Volkach)
Protected areas
The city is surrounded by several protected areas. The Volkacher Mainschleife was declared a landscape protection area on August 1, 1955 . Today both the Maria im Weingarten church and the residential areas of the city northwest of the old town and the corridors around the Hallburg are located in the protected area. The Main Loop is also Fauna-Flora-Habitat (FFH). Large parts of the Main loop have also been declared a bird sanctuary as a section of the Main Valley between Dettelbach and Schweinfurt . This also includes areas in the south of the barracks. The main loop also enjoys the status of a geotope .
The nature reserves around Volkach enjoy special protection . The largely preserved floodplain landscape on the Main loop is protected in a narrow strip along the river immediately west of the Main Canal under the name Alter Main bei Volkach. Above this protected area lies the forest at the Hallburg, which has also been declared a nature reserve. Here special attention is given to the species-rich hillside forest . In the east of the Main Canal, the sand corridors begin at Volkach, Schwarzach am Main and Sommerach. The goal of protection is the sandy grass heaths with their dunes and drifting sand areas .
Several biotopes in the Volkach district are also given special protection. They are mainly found near the Main, but also run along the smaller streams and especially the Volkach. Another focus can be found on Marienberg or Kirchberg, northwest of the old town around the Maria im Weingarten church, an extensive drinking water protection area extends on both sides of the Main.
history
Prehistory and early history (up to 906)
The Mainschleife and its surroundings were settled very early on, as has been proven by reading finds and systematic excavations in the vicinity of the city. The first traces of human settlement in the area of the Mainschleife come from the Paleolithic . Several device finds prove the presence of humans in this region, which was then covered by tundra . The cult center remained throughout the prehistoric and early historical period of the Vogelsberg, which still towers over the Mainschleife today.
In the Neolithic Age, the band ceramists settled the Mainschleife. Again, the mountain surrounded by the Main formed the center of the settlement: the typical clay bowls were found on the Vogelsberg. Settlements emerged mainly on the easily crossable fords of the Main. As in the previous millennia, the Main loop remained settled during the Bronze Age, even if the Volkach settlement itself is not documented by finds.
In the 7th century BC, Celtic tribes of the Latène culture advanced on the Main. They mingled with the local population and converted the Vogelsberg into a fortified mansion. After the turn of the century, Germanic tribal associations increasingly penetrated westwards. In this situation the Celts may have withdrawn to the Kirchberg northwest of Volkach. The Germanic tribes of the Marcomanni , the Alemanni and the Thuringian , however, shaped the future development. The place name of the small settlement below the Vogelsburg, Volkach, probably goes back to them.
These Germanic parts of the population had to give way to the Franks in the 6th and 7th centuries . With the Frankish colonists, a state development, supported by a small upper class of king and nobility, began. The Franks brought the first administrative structures, Christianity and the vine to the Mainschleife. A Franconian district, the so-called Volkfeld , formed around the originally Germanic village of Volkach . At the same time, a new Franconian royal court established itself in nearby Prosselsheim. The Vogelsburg lost its influence.
The homogeneous, Franconian- Carolingian crown property was smashed in the course of the 8th and 9th centuries. Initially, by 742 at the latest, the Vogelsburg lost its parish functions on the Mainschleife against the Kirchberg on the other side of the Main, on which the Maria im Weingarten church is now located. On the other hand, the Franconian kings gave more and more possessions to aristocrats and monasteries in the near and far area in order to ensure their loyalty.
From the settlement to the city of Volkach (until 1258)
The first written mention of the city coincided with the dissolution of the royal estate. In a document from the year 906, which the last Carolingian king, Ludwig the child, issued, donations to the Fulda monastery were confirmed. "Folchaa superior et inferior, Fugalespurc" and several other places came under the rule of the monastery. Emperor Arnulf of Carinthia made the donation as early as 889 .
What is remarkable is the fact that instead of one village, Volkach is named two, an upper (Latin inferior) and a lower (Latin superior). It can be assumed that the two settlement cells, which in early Germanic times were on a common marrow , had developed apart. A Hörigen settlement was added to the core of the settlement at the mouth of the river , which was supplemented by an early market place on today's Upper Market. "Folchaa inferior" became Obervolkach .
In the 11th and 12th centuries, the sources flow sparingly over the newly established double settlement Volkach. It is likely that the Fulda monastery soon withdrew from these subordinate settlements, which were far away from the core area of the abbey . Instead, in the shadow of the increasingly powerful diocese of Würzburg on the Mainschleife, the Counts of Castell rose to become new landlords as originally Fulda bailiffs.
Between the years 1190 and 1213 a "Heroldus de Volcaha", a herald in castellischen services, appeared as a witness in a document. From this point on, sources about the settlement have been passed down more often. The counts tried to expand and secure their outpost on the Main. Volkach became the seat of a notary and a bailiff , both of which have been handed down in 1244. At the same time, the Würzburg diocese also had an influence in the village, a ministerial , Albert, was mentioned for the first time in 1231.
The village quickly became the most important place of the count's property and was surrounded by a curtain wall . This renewed revaluation led in the course of the 13th century to a “creeping” development of Volkach, which was mainly reflected in the designations in documents. While in 1230 “villa”, meaning village, appeared in the place names, in 1258 “civitas”, the town of Volkach, was spoken of. An official town elevation of Volkach probably never took place.
From Castell to Würzburg (until 1520)
The fortification of the young city also cemented a trade policy reorientation that had already gripped the settlement in the centuries before. The east-west axis from Prosselsheim via the Vogelsburg and on to Volkach and Bamberg lost its importance for transport, instead the trade routes shifted to the north-south road from Ansbach to Schweinfurt . The Obere Markt lost its centrality compared to the Volkach market square.
With this realignment, Volkach continued to flourish. As the only town in the county of Castell , the place became the administrative seat and office, as an important place of transition on the Main, customs could also be levied on various goods. In the middle of the 13th century, after the death of Frederick I , there were divisions within the von Castell family , which also affected the city of Volkach.
Friedrich's sons, Heinrich and Hermann von Castell, belonged to different camps. While Hermann was closer to the interests of the Würzburg bishopric , Heinrich belonged to the Hennebergers who were enemies of Würzburg . In 1265/1267 this gap led to the division of the Castell family and the division of the brothers' property. The city of Volkach was also affected, part was awarded to Heinrich, the other part went to Hermann.
The split severely restricted the power of the Casteller and enabled the Würzburg prince-bishop to fill the gap. At the same time, the counts continued to split up the city. When Hermann I zu Castell transferred his share to the Lords of Hohenlohe for financial reasons , the Würzburg prince-bishop Wolfram Wolfskeel von Grumbach seized it on October 27, 1328 and acquired half of the city for the bishopric.
From then on the city rulership was divided, half was held by the Würzburg prince-bishop, the other half was handed over to the son of Hermann I after the childless death of Counts Rupert and Hermann II in 1314 and 1331. Even though constant changes of rulership burdened the city, Volkach continued to rise in the second half of the 14th century. The two city lords campaigned for the granting of a right to mint , which was also granted to Volkach on July 24, 1398 by King Wenceslaus of Luxembourg .
So far, crimes worthy of death have been tried before the Würzburg Central Court in the city of Stadtschwarzach . In 1432, Bishop Johann III. von Grumbach has the right to hold such a neck court in the city of Volkach. A few years earlier, the town charter was first recorded in writing. In the meantime, however, the county of Castell was rapidly in debt and the counts transferred their share of Volkach to three other families, the Limpurg , the Henneberg and the Weinsberg .
The Würzburg bishops were able to buy their shares in the city piece by piece from these families, they succeeded in the years 1479, 1505 and 1510.. On October 9, 1514, Johann II von Castell finally renounced his share in the city. When his brother Wolfgang followed on February 20, 1520 , Volkach had become the administrative city of Würzburg for the price of 10248 guilders , a position that the place would hold into the 19th century.
Volkach as the prince-bishop's official city (until 1814)
When the city was then united under the rule of the prince-bishops in 1520 , this also went hand in hand with a standardization of the legal process in Volkach ( see also Volkacher Salbuch ). At first, however, the new city lords faced other problems. Due to several price increases, the displeasure of the rural population was turned into violence, which also shook the Würzburg monastery. In the spring of 1525, the uprising that would go down in history as the German Peasants' War took hold of the city of Volkach. The aristocratic residences in the area were looted.
Despite these uprisings against the city lords, more and more administrative elements were moved to Volkach over the next few years. The prince-bishop's office in Hallburg , named after the toll castle, was relocated to Volkach in the 16th century. Shortly after 1540, the bishopric named the office after the city. Volkach received its own office cellar and several officials. In addition, the place became a central place of homage for the offices in the area.
In the 16th century, the Reformation and Luther's teachings also gained a foothold on the Mainschleife. However, the Volkach population remained largely Catholic at all times. With the appointment of Julius Echter von Mespelbrunn as Bishop of Würzburg, the Counter-Reformation was accelerated throughout the prince-bishopric . To this end, the young prelate had many decrepit churches renewed in his sphere of influence and the followers of the Lutheran faith suppressed. Volkach was rewarded for his loyalty with the construction of a magnificent office building.
After the denominational conflict had triggered the Thirty Years' War in northern Germany in 1618 , the population in Volkach was again mustered for emergencies. In 1619 the men of the city capable of arms were given rifles . Only at the beginning of 1631 did the acts of war reach the Mainschleife. In October of the same year the Swedes captured Würzburg and Volkach surrendered to the overwhelming Lutheran force.
The Swedes tried with their "counter-reformation" to convert the Catholic city church into a Lutheran place of worship and appointed a Protestant pastor. Only with the recapture of Würzburg by troops of the Catholic League on October 14, 1634, the Swedish occupation in Volkach came to an end. On October 24, 1648, the Peace of Westphalia ended the long war. The Volkacher continued to pay war contributions until December of this year .
During the Thirty Years' War the city had suffered extensive decline. Epidemics had come to Volkach due to the troops that kept moving through. The medical supply situation was catastrophic because there was no doctor or pharmacist available in Volkach to treat the sick. The lower suburb in front of the Gaibacher Tor was completely deserted, the houses fell into disrepair. At the same time, the residents of the village of Ulberg had fled behind supposedly safe walls of the city.
It was only at the end of the 17th century that the worst damage was repaired and the city flourished again. The reason for this was also the booming viticulture, because the monasteries in the area in particular generated high sales. At the same time, the rise of some wealthy families who had become rich from the wine trade began . From 1700 onwards, these arable citizens tried to convey their newly won self-confidence to the outside world through prestigious buildings in the Baroque style .
In 1770 Volkach received its own grain and oat measure. At the same time, the medieval city fortifications were finally dissolved when gardens for growing vegetables were laid out in the old trenches. The establishment of further municipal offices followed in 1796. During the coalition wars there were several passages through the city. With the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss of 1803 the Hochstift Würzburg was dissolved and Volkach became part of Bavaria.
In Bavaria (until 1945)
After Napoleon Bonaparte had added the areas on the left bank of the Rhine that belonged to Bavaria to his new empire in 1802, he had to compensate the allies of Bavaria somehow. He succeeded in doing this by secularizing the spiritual territories that had existed since the Middle Ages in 1803 and integrating them into Electoral Palatinate Bavaria. Volkach, part of the old Würzburg monastery, became a Bavarian city. In June 1804 a major fire devastated a quarter of the old town, whereupon the city wall was made even more permeable.
With the Peace of Pressburg, Ferdinand , Grand Duke of Tuscany received Würzburg on December 26, 1805 . He established the Grand Duchy of Würzburg , which only existed for a few years. After an agreement between Austria and the young Bavarian kingdom, Ferdinand left Würzburg in 1814. On June 21, 1814, the city and thus its surrounding area finally became part of the Kingdom of Bavaria . Despite the interim in the Würzburg Grand Duchy, Volkach received a regional court and a rent office. In 1811 Volkach became the seat of a deanery.
Despite these central functions, which the city now fulfilled, the urban order itself was threatened. With the Bavarian municipal edict of 1818, Volkach was named City III because of its inhabitants. Class was appointed, but the associated city offices overwhelmed Volkach financially. The administration made several requests to be downgraded to the rank of a rural community , which was also achieved in 1836. It was not until 1848, after the financial situation had improved, that Volkach was able to return to the city constitution.
On October 1, 1872, shortly after the establishment of the German Empire , the government in Munich again centralized the district courts, which had meanwhile been converted into district offices. From then on, Volkach was no longer a district office town, but was co-administered from Gerolzhofen . This loss of administrative institutions continued over the next few years. At the same time, for several reasons, the decline of viticulture, which had formed the economic backbone of the region for centuries, began.
A revival of trade, especially in the direction of Würzburg, only took place with the construction of the Main Bridge on August 30, 1892. Now the city council pushed for a train station and a railway line that was to stop in the city. On February 14, 1909, the so-called Mainschleifenbahn was completed, which connected Volkach with the village of Seligenstadt near Würzburg . The railway stimulated excursion traffic, and the Main Loop became a popular destination for early "day tourists".
The beginning of the First World War was first celebrated in Volkach in 1914. In the last years of the war, however, the city was forced to press so-called emergency coins , which were decorated with the city's coat of arms. In order to mitigate the consequences of the global economic crisis , a fruit wholesale market was set up in Volkach in 1929, because in the meantime pears, plums and apples, in addition to the still starving viticulture, had become the city's actual export goods ( see also Economy ).
The city's National Socialists organized themselves as early as the 1930s . First, Volkach was spared from the Allied air raids in World War II , as the city had no war-essential industry. With the expansion of the bombing war in 1944, the first low-flying attack on the city took place on February 6, 1945, resulting in a total of four deaths. In the last days of the war, the Wehrmacht blew up the bridge over the Main. Volkach was handed over to the Americans on April 7, 1945 without a fight.
After World War II (until today)
The destruction of the Main Bridge determined the politics of the immediate post-war period in Volkach. The foundation stone for a new bridge was laid as early as 1947, after the Bavarian Prime Minister Hans Ehard had inspected the situation. Another problem for the city was the supply of the numerous refugees and evacuees. New settlements emerged to provide housing for the new residents.
The Madonna in the Rosary by Tilman Riemenschneider in the pilgrimage church Maria im Weingarten on the Volkacher Kirchberg was stolen in 1962, but could be returned in 1963. After a restoration, the Madonna is now back in the church above Volkach. The so-called Madonna robbery is one of the most spectacular art thefts of the German post-war period. In 1971 a thunderstorm during the Volkacher Wine Festival claimed two lives and injured several people.
Another political fresh start was necessary due to the Bavarian regional reform . From 1972 ten localities were incorporated into Volkach. In addition, the centuries-old connection with Gerolzhofen was destroyed by the dissolution of the district . Volkach was added to the district of Kitzingen. The city has been a Bundeswehr base since 1986 , when the now disbanded Pioneer Battalion 12 moved into the Mainfranken barracks; today the 467 logistics battalion is located there.
Volkach continued to develop economically in the post-war period. The canalization of the Main in 1958 and the construction of a harbor contributed to this, as did the establishment of a ball bearing factory . At the same time, the city took over efforts to promote tourism , such as organizing the Franconian Wine Festival from 1949. Today tourism is one of the economic pillars of Volkach and the Mainschleife. The municipality succeeded in becoming a medium-sized center in 2018.
Place name
The place name Volkach refers to the natural occurrences in the vicinity of the settlement. The ending -ach comes as -aha the Germanic and refers to a flowing body of water. The Volkachbach was probably first named in the 5th century, before the double settlement of Ober- and Untervolkach, which developed at its mouth, took over the name. In the course of the planned settlement by the Franks , the Volkachfeld was formed as an administrative district, it also refers to the brook.
The prefix Volk- is also of Germanic origin. The Germanic word fulka means, like the Old High German folc (h) and the Middle High German volc , a war band , an army or in general a gathering of people. Probably only military personnel initially settled here. The place probably served the Elbe-Germanic-Alemannic leaders as a base of operations for the campaigns to the east.
The more recent literature suggests a different origin of the place name and blames the Slavic Wends, who settled in the Main area in the 6th and 7th centuries, for the place name. The name is derived from the Wendish word volk (pronounced: wolk ), which means wolf (cf. Czech vlk , Slovenian people ). The frequent occurrence of wolves in the Main Valley is reflected in the field names Wolfsberg, Wolfsgfräss and Wolfsgrube, which are still in use today. At a later time, Wolfach was transformed into Volkach, which is still in use today.
In the first mention of the place, the term "Folchaa superior et inferior" appeared. The double settlement on a common market consisted of an Upper and a Lower Volkach. The muzzle later dropped the name affix. In 1190 the ascending village was called "Uolcaha". "Volka" was first mentioned as a city in 1258. At the same time, the name "Volcka" appeared. The settlement was still called “Volckach” in 1432, before the current name “Volkach” prevailed in the 16th century.
The residents of the city are also given so-called nicknames by the people in the area. Similar to some other places along the Main, the Volkachers are also called Mainbrunzer (or Mainfränkisch Mee'brunsər). It alludes to the proximity to the river and the supposed urination in it. The Volkachers are given the nickname Damen (or Mainfränkisch Dooma) by the Sommerachers . The origin of this name is unclear.
Administration and courts
|
The following administrative units were superordinate to the city of Volkach.
|
Volkach was judicially subordinate to the following instances.
|
coat of arms
|
|
Blazon : “Split; in front three silver tips in red, behind in gold a blue diagonal wave bar. " |
| Reasons for the coat of arms: A coat of arms appeared for the city as early as the 14th century. Instead of the inclined wave bar, which is supposed to represent the Volkachbach, the coat of arms of the Counts of Castell was found. In 1544, the Würzburg prince-bishop Melchior Zobel von Giebelstadt gave the city its current coat of arms (before that Volkach had finally come to the prince-bishopric). The colors of the coat of arms only changed from 1819 to 1952 : the rake was colored blue and white according to the Bavarian flag. |
politics
From the city to the capital
Since the city was founded, Volkach has played a special role among the communities on the Mainschleife, which is also reflected in the city's administration. The respective village lords , the Counts of Castell, the Würzburg prince-bishop or the Franconian noble families, appointed a mayor who was to represent their interests in the village. The Volkach citizens opposed this with their elected mayors and the city council. In order to become a citizen, an oath had to be sworn before the mayor and mayor and a fee had to be paid.
The relationship between the mayor and the mayor had been clearly regulated since the town council of 1484, but it remained subject to change. It was only through the Volkacher Salbuch that an overview of the respective rights of officials in the city was able to be created. Since the 16th century there was also an episcopal bailiff in Volkach, who also performed sovereign tasks for the city lord. The early modern administration and its implementation was highly dependent on the people employed.
| List of mayors of the core town of Volkach (1900–1970) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Surname | Term of office | Remarks | |||||
| Johann Baptist Schmitt | 1900-1905 | * 1845 in Volkach, also member of the state parliament in the Bavarian state parliament ; † 1906 in Volkach | |||||
| Josef Guardian | 1906-1935 | * 1870 in Volkach, "honorary mayor" and honorary citizen; † 1947 in Volkach | |||||
| Josef Dittmann | 1935-1945 | Installed by the National Socialist government | |||||
| Georg Berz | 1945 | * 1897 in Volkach, 1st term, installed by the American military government, honorary citizen; † 1973 in Volkach | |||||
| Josef M. Erb | 1945-1948 | ||||||
| Georg Berz | 1948-1970 | * 1897 in Volkach, CSU / community of voters, 2nd term of office, honorary citizen; † 1973 in Volkach | |||||
| Friedrich Russ | 1970-1990 | * 1927, FWG Bavaria, member of the district council of the district of Kitzingen, honorary citizen | |||||
With the transition to the Kingdom of Bavaria at the beginning of the 19th century, the division of office into Lord Mayor and Sub-Mayor was abolished. From then on, the terms of office of the mayors became longer, while in the medieval and early modern city a new election usually took place after a year. As a result of the rise to citizenship , Volkach's residents now received rights and duties and were no longer subject to the respective rule.
At the beginning of the 20th century, the new structures had long since been established and Mayor Johann Baptist Schmitt was even elected member of the Bavarian state parliament. After the Second World War, the party affiliation of the respective candidates became more important, the city mostly elected men for mayor who were recruited from the free voters . With the incorporation of the 1970s, Volkach gained decisively in centrality. In addition to the city, the town hall also manages the 18 districts. In addition, the communities of Sommerach and Nordheim am Main, together with Volkach, have set up an administrative community to handle their official business.
Population development
The inhabitants of the city of Volkach were first recorded by chance in 1574. At that time, Volkach was the starting point for the prince-bishop's homage, at which all men (individual citizens and family fathers) had to gather on the market square . Projections suggest a population of around 1150 people. In the 1630s, the city was occupied by the Protestant Swedes, whose troops brought the plague to the Main. In 1632 a total of 239 people died from the plague or the war, in 1634 there were 258 dead.
The population recovered again by the end of the century. Due to the local restrictions, there were still very few people living outside the medieval city walls, in 1814 only 1263 people lived in the city. The vast majority were of the Catholic faith, although five Jews also lived in Volkach. By the end of the 19th century, the population had increased to around 2000 people.
The numbers changed only marginally in the first half of the 20th century. Only with the influx of many displaced persons at the end of the Second World War, Volkach grew by a third to 1950 3302 inhabitants. Since then, the city's population has been growing steadily. With the increase in the centrality of the city through the incorporation of several, previously independent communities, Volkach experienced a new influx. Today around 5000 people live in the city center .
| year | Residents | year | Residents | year | Residents |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1574 | around 1150 | 1867 | 1929 | 1939 | 2255 |
| 1631 | around 1000 | 1875 | 1906 | 1950 | 3302 |
| 1698 | around 1200 | 1888 | 1968 | 1961 | 3606 |
| 1814 | 1263 | 1904 | 1899 | 1973 | 4043 |
| 1840 | 1895 | 1925 | 2098 | 1987 | 4336 |
Culture and sights
Architectural monuments
Ensemble Altstadt Volkach
The Bavarian State Office for the Preservation of Monuments places the entire old town of Volkach under ensemble protection. The ensemble includes the area of the city within its 13th century walling line as well as parts of the wall foreground in the west (Hindenburgallee) and north (gardens of the Storchgasse estate on Volkachbach), as far as the early Biedermeier dissolution of the fortification belt in gardens can still be seen there ( see also forests and green spaces ).
The urban area, bordered by the line of fortifications from the 13th century, develops along the main street parallel to the Main; Cross and secondary axes are not established (the cross connection bridge / Spitalstraße was not created until the bridge was built in 1892), which is related to the fact that the historically important river crossings were not in Volkach, but in Fahr - Kaltenhausen and Escherndorf- Nordheim.
Volkach presents itself as a two-gate city. The suburbs spreading out in front of the gates take on the task of distributing routes . The original cell of the settlement is the district delimited by the city wall, the Oberen Hauptstrasse and the market square, in which the parish church is located; the Franconian Fronhof of the early days (today the monastery and the girls' secondary school) is adopted here and the city lords resided here.
Maria im Weingarten and Kirchberg
The church Maria im Weingarten is located northwest of the Volkach old town on the so-called Kirchberg . The church already existed in Carolingian times, was consecrated to St. Bartholomew at that time and at this early point in time housed the original parish for the communities in the area (→ see also: sacred buildings in Volkach ). Between 1332 and 1442 a Beginenklause was built next to the mountain church. Around 1370 the church lost its parish duties, instead a pilgrimage to the mountain was established.
Even in the 15th century, the present church was built and the Holy Mother of God Maria assumed. However, at this time the church lost its importance as a place of pilgrimage against its Dettelbach counterpart Maria im Sand . Only the Thirty Years War revitalized the pilgrimage. The valuable furnishings of the church lured thieves on the night of August 6th, 1962. After an appeal in the news magazine Stern and a controversial discussion in the features section, the loot was released against payment.
Maria im Weingarten is geosted and today presents itself as a single-nave hall church from the late Gothic period. A high pitched roof dominates the nave, while the choir is crowned by a much lower hipped roof. A baroque roof turret from 1750 is attached to the roof of the choir. The south portal is the main entrance to the church. A portal vestibule and the gable crown with a finial indicate this.
The furnishings came inside at different times and consists of some very valuable objects. The oldest piece is the Pietà from the 14th century, which was originally the destination of pilgrims. Between 1521 and 1524 Tilman Riemenschneider then created his last portrait of the Madonna for the church. The center of the figure is the great Madonna with the child in her arms. It is surrounded by a carved rosary with five medallions. Several epitaphs shape the interior of the church.
The church is surrounded by an ensemble of other architectural monuments. In the area surrounded by a wall there are remains of a stone group of Mounts of Olives that used to be attached to the church building. There are buildings from 1732 to the west and south of the complex. A way of the cross used to lead to the pilgrimage church from the city. Stations from 1521 have been preserved. You can now come up the Kirchberg along another Way of the Cross with portraits of stations from the 19th century. Here is also the figure of Our Lady of Sorrows ( Mater dolorosa ) from the 18th century.
St. Bartholomäus and St. Georg, Nikolauskapelle
The parish church of St. Bartholomew and St. Georg is the Catholic center of Volkach's old town. A previous building, a chapel, was dedicated to St. George in the 12th century . It was not until the 14th century that the church was elevated to a parish church . The new building began in 1413. The innovations dragged on until 1597 and were completed with the construction of the church tower. In the 18th century the parish redesigned the church in Baroque style . After the Second World War, minor damage had to be repaired.
The church was designed as a hall church . It is east-facing and has a polygonal choir . Overall, the church is surrounded by houses on three sides and opens onto the main street in the east. This means that the choir side is also the front side of the church and stands out thanks to its rich structure. The defining element of the church, however, is the tower that was built north of the choir. It has seven floors and is 45 m high.
The furnishings of the church are mainly influenced by the baroque redesign in the 18th century. The large ceiling painting depicting the Most Holy Trinity was created by Johann Michael Wolcker . The high altar was made by the artists Johann Georg Neßtfell (construction) and Georg Sebastian Urlaub (sheet). Other artists who worked in the church were Georg Anton Urlaub , Johann Peter Wagner , Reiner Wierl and Oswald Onghers . A pietà from the 15th century comes from Lower Bavaria.
The two-storey chapel of St. Nicholas, built to the west of the nave of the church, was first mentioned in 1447. At first it was dedicated to St. Michael and was probably used as an ossuary . It can be reached through an entrance under the gallery of the parish church. The crypt was re-consecrated as a church space in 1972. Inside, a beamed ceiling and crosses of the Apostles from the 15th century were exposed. The equipment consists of a copy of a picture by Lucas Cranach and an icon of St. Nicholas.
St. Michael
The Evangelical Lutheran parish church of St. Michael is located on the Upper Market in the south of the old town. It was first mentioned in 1404 as a foundation of the Counts of Castell and at that time it was subordinate to St. Mary. In the 16th century the chapel was the pastoral center of the neighboring citizen hospital and at the same time the cemetery chapel after the burial places had been moved here. The chapel has been available to the growing Lutheran congregation since 1977 and has leased it for 99 years today.
Today the church has a recessed polygonal choir in the east. The church is crowned by a roof turret on the street side. The current building was only built between 1862 and 1864, two previous buildings disappeared over time. Only the portal tympanum has survived from the medieval church . It shows the crowning of Mary and is probably a replica of a similar relief on the Marienkapelle in Würzburg.
For centuries, the most valuable element of the interior was a Vesper picture from around 1410. It comes from the so-called beautiful style and was handed over to the Luitpold Museum in Würzburg, today's Museum for Franconia , in 1927 . Today there are several neo-Gothic altars and a pulpit from the same period in the church. A depiction of the crucifixion from the 20th century hangs above the altar. A figure of St. Michael from 1737, which was erected there in 1865, sits enthroned above the cemetery portal from 1604.
Town hall and office building
The former administration buildings are spread over the area of the old town. Only the town hall at the front of the market square is still used by the city administration today. A town hall in Volkach has been documented since 1484, but it did not exist in the place where it is today. In 1544, the current building began. Several renovations of the town hall followed, including the double staircase in 1610 . In the 20th century it was also used as a school, today the city administration and the administrative community are based here.
The architecture is shaped by the Renaissance . The town hall has three floors and ends in a steep gable roof . There is a double flight of stairs above the ogival gate entrance. A half-timbered bay crowns the building. At the back there is a stair tower. A major renovation in 1972 changed the house and adapted it to the requirements of the administration. There are several oil paintings inside . Above all, official portraits of the Würzburg prince-bishops can be found here.
A labor court of the Prince-Bishop of Würzburg, where the citizens of the city paid their taxes, already existed in Volkach in the 15th century. In the 16th century the bishop bought a piece of land in the lower part of the main street. The administrative center of the Volkach Office was created here. Today's court was created by the bailiff Valentin Echter von Mespelbrunn after 1605. After the dissolution of the bishopric, the Volkach district court moved here. The Volkach District Court last sat here, and today there is a hotel in the premises .
The office building presents itself as a typical representative of the real Gothic. It is two-story and has nine by three window axes. The building is crowned by a gable roof. The volute gables end in shell discs and are decorated with balls. An attached round stair tower protrudes from the rear . The windows have double frames. The office room on the first floor has a wooden coffered ceiling with elongated diamonds and octagon shapes.
City fortifications
The fortification of the city of Volkach was primarily based on the course of the Volkachbach. The walls were built some distance from the Main and the two gates (Zweorestadt) were aligned parallel to the river. This kept the city protected from floods . After the city became a town in the 13th century, a curtain wall made of wood and earth protected the town before the first stone wall was built in the 14th century. It consisted of a moat, a kennel and a double curtain wall.
In the course of the Counter Reformation, the Würzburg prince-bishops, as city lords, pushed for a renewal in the 16th century. Here Julius Echter von Mespelbrunn in particular stood out. In 1597 the so-called Obere or Sommeracher Tor was rebuilt, as early as 1580 the outworks of the Untere or Gaibacher Tor had been rebuilt. However, the fortification had already become ineffective against the new guns when it was built and could not protect the city during the Thirty Years' War. → see also: Upper Gate (Volkach) , Lower Gate (Volkach)
In the 19th century, parts of the fortifications were demolished to give way to the growing city, with the removal of the towers also being discussed. Finally, a compromise was found: Gardens had been laid out in the former moat since the 18th century, the towers remained, but lost their outer works. Remains of the former city fortifications have been preserved, especially in the west of the city. The tower of the lower gate closes with a Welschen dome , while an inscription by Bishop Julius was attached to the upper gate. → see also: Zeilitzheimer Tor
Shelf House
The so-called Schelfenhaus is a richly decorated, baroque city palace in Volkach's old town. The house got its name from its builder, the wine merchant and Lord Mayor Johann Georg Adam Schelf. The current building was built between 1719 and 1721. Although the builder of the Schelfenhaus is not known, the influences of the builder Joseph Greissing are recognizable. Initially used as a residential building and expanded several times, the Schelfenhaus passed to the city of Volkach in 1950, which housed several public institutions here.
The house consists of the two-winged, baroque house in the south and west with the so-called main building on the south side and the attached baby wing in the west. Particularly noteworthy is the richly structured facade in the direction of the so-called Schelfengasse in the south of the building. The eastern gate entrance consists of an arcade and a frame field and is made up of two square columns on protruding baffles. The main portal with its Rococo design is crowned by an alliance coat of arms .
The inside of the building has rich stucco ceilings . The ceiling paintings are also of art historical value. In particular, the first floor of the house with the picture room, the white room and the Professor Rösser room is magnificent. It shows putti with different birds and decorations. The paintings show scenes from ancient mythology and were probably created by traveling Italian plasterers. In the oven room there is a tiled stove from 1711 with figures and reliefs.
Other notable private houses and courtyards
Houses from almost every century since the Middle Ages can be found in Volkach's old town and the two suburbs. Today they are mostly owned by private individuals and are used as business, guest houses or residential buildings. The oldest of these buildings is the so-called Gasthaus Zur Schwane in Hauptstrasse 12. It has been run as an inn since 1404. Today, after a renovation in the 18th century, the inn presents itself as a two-story eaves - sided house with a plastered half-timbered upper floor. → see also: Gasthof Zur Schwane (Volkach)
The building of the former Latin school is located at Kirchgasse 3, away from the representative buildings . Classes in the building, which is also closely related to the church, have been taught since 1447. The graduates of the Latin School qualified the degree to begin studying . They shaped the city for centuries. The current building was built in the 16th century and has half-timbered structures on its upper floor. → see also: Latin school (Volkach)
The bath house at Badgasse 4, which was first mentioned in 1504 in the Salbuch of Niklas Brobst, fulfilled another important social function . Today it presents itself as a simple hipped roof house with a gate entrance on the ground floor and extends as an elongated building up to the city wall with which it grew together. In the course of a renovation in 2010, Gothic wall paintings and a sauna area were exposed. In 2012, the owners received the Medal for Monument Protection of the Free State of Bavaria. → see also: Badhaus (Volkach)
The former pharmacy at Hauptstrasse 22, corner of Spitalstrasse, faces the market square. The pharmacist Bonifatius Sennfelder settled here after the Thirty Years' War. In the 1960s there was again a pharmacy in the building. The striking house with its three storeys and the Renaissance volute gable was rebuilt from 1965 above the cellar. However, it already existed before 1574, which is proven by a Spolienstein with the coat of arms of Prince-Bishop Julius Echter von Mespelbrunn in the facade. → see also: Hauptstraße 22 (Volkach)
The former Zehnthof in Hauptstrasse 14 is also influenced by the Renaissance. The current building was built in 1545 and was initially designed as a courtyard in which the Würzburg prince-bishops resided when they visited Volkach. The complex was later given a massive basement because the first prince-bishop's cellar was housed here. The conversion to the Zehnthof took place in 1622. In the 19th century the royal Bavarian rent office and later the police station were located in the building. It was dissolved in 1974. → see also: Zehnthof (Volkach)
The three-story half-timbered house with its half-hipped roof on Marktplatz 5, at the corner of Hauptstrasse, is particularly impressive. It towers over the surrounding buildings and was built in the 16th century as a dye works . Here, near the town hall, where the cloth was finally offered for sale, fabrics were dyed. When the Main Bridge was built in the 19th century, the house was converted into an inn. The building was plastered by 1987 . → see also: Marktplatz 5 (Volkach)
So far, all buildings in their forms were based on the late Middle Ages or the Renaissance, but the first baroque building in the city was built in 1692 on Untere Hauptstrasse (house number 46). The builder was the Würzburg Juliusspital, which used the courtyard as a winery after its completion. It is a two-storey, eaves mansard roof building with drilled window frames and a round arched gate entrance. The use as a winery continues to this day. → see also: Hauptstraße 46 (Volkach)
The baroque transformation of the Volkach townscape was continued in Oberen Hauptstrasse, roughly at the same time as the construction of the shelter house. The new winery of the Principality of Würzburg was built in Hauptstrasse 5, at the corner of Kellereigasse. The two-storey house is characterized by its rich, sculptural baroque structure. It has cornices and drilled walls with diamond-coated keystones. A plastic figure of the Archangel Michael with the dragon protrudes towards the main street. → see also: Fürstbischöfliche Amtskellerei (Volkach)
Another baroque building was erected in the immediate vicinity of the Schelfenhaus itself. The house has three floors, which is rare in this part of the old town. It has a rich structure through corner pilasters and cornices . With the so-called Schrüferbräu, Volkach's only nationally known brewery existed until the 1930s. The baroque finally comes to an end in the city with the building in Hauptstrasse 11. Around 1730 this two-storey house received rococo ornaments from the Degen family. → see also: Gasthof Zur Blauen Traube (Volkach) and Hauptstraße 11 (Volkach)
A particularly remarkable building of classicism was built in 1812 at Hauptstrasse 20, at the corner of Spitalstrasse. Prince-Bishop Julius Echter von Mespelbrunn had already set up a hospital on the property in the 16th century. When converting to a bank, the typical console structure of classicism was added. On the other hand, the three-dimensional cantilever at the Zum Lamm inn on Upper Market 11 comes from the Biedermeier period. The house itself was built in the 18th century. Outside the old town, a field chapel was built on the way to Dimbach in 1897, which is also classified as a monument today. → see also: Hauptstraße 20 (Volkach) , Gasthof Zum Lamm (Volkach) and Feldkapelle (Volkach)
Wayside shrines and small memorials
As a predominantly Catholic community, several wayside shrines or tortures have been preserved as field monuments in Volkach and its district . They refer to the popular piety of past centuries and were set for the glory of God and as signposts, or they had a function of warning. In addition, there are also typical Franconian house figures , especially in the old town . These small monuments have been created at all times since the Middle Ages, but their existence is threatened today. As recently as 1979, 48 shrines were identified in Volkach, many of which no longer exist.
The oldest wayside shrine in the community stands today in front of the Gaibacher Tor in Josef-Wächter-Straße. It was created around the middle of the 15th century and shows the crucifixion in its approximately 2 m high tower . On the back you can see St. Michael weighing souls . The wayside shrine was, like the older way of the cross on Kirchbergweg, a station for the pilgrims to the church Maria im Weingarten. In the 20th century, the wayside shrine was moved to its current location, previously it was surrounded by an open chapel. → see also: Crucifixion shrine (Volkach, around 1460)
A torture in Schaubmühlstraße outside the old town is only slightly more recent. It is marked with the year 1485 and on its back again depicts the crucifixion of Jesus. The top of the stick is even higher at approx. 2.85 m. On the narrow sides the Saints Peter and Paul can be seen, while on the front the figure of the risen Christ can be seen surrounded by several kneeling donors. The floor ends with a Gothic three-pass .
Outside the Volkach town center there is a so-called cross stone on the Hallburgkippe. It was originally half buried in the ground next to the oldest wayside shrine in the city and referred to an atonement that had been made. According to a city court ruling from 1498, a murderer was required to erect such a stone cross for his victim . In the course of road construction work in 1968, the cross stone was moved to the path to Hallburg, where it was walled by a plinth .
Another remarkable wayside shrine can be found in Untere Haidweg on the edge of the built-up area. The crucifixion is shown again, with two figures of saints also attached to the narrow sides. On the reverse, however, the donor explains the reasons for putting the stick up in an inscription. "H. Jörg Behm gewessner of Raths ahlhir "made in 1644 by will the stick for" God and H. Virginity: build Mary But Ehrn ".
The establishment of the so-called blood Smarter at the fork in the road Dr.-Eugen-Schön Street and Prof.-Jäcklein Street in the Upper suburb has other reasons. Since 1646 the Volkach people poured to Burgwindheim because they had made a promise during the plague epidemics of the Thirty Years' War. Torture has been the starting point of this pilgrimage since the 18th century. The processional altar with its columns covered with vine leaves shows the blood miracle of Walldürn . → see also: Blutsmarter (Volkach)
During the Baroque period, the forms of the wayside shrine changed in the 18th century and now varied more. At this point in time, the house figures experienced a new bloom. In addition to St. Mary as Mother of God or Queen of Heaven in Volkach, they now also showed the dragon slayer Michael or St. Joseph . In 1720 the fountain in front of the town hall also received the statue of Mary that is still preserved today. A large crucifix was created in front of the Volkach Bartholomew Church as a life-size representation of the crucified. → see also: Marktbrunnen (Volkach)
A Franconian peculiarity that has often been preserved in and around Volkach are the so-called cross tugs. They also first appeared in the 18th century. Jesus is depicted under the cross, mostly enthroned on a pillar. Inscriptions remind passers-by to remember. Around the same time, the custom of decorating a newly built bridge with a statue of John Nepomuk with a beef and a cross was established. → see also: Kreuzschlepper (Volkach) and bridge figures (Volkach)
The Riemenschneider Madonna in the Kirchberg Church
The interior of the Bartholomäuskirche with the altars
The exterior of the Michaelskirche on the upper market
The portal of the shelf house
The former Zehnthof at Hauptstrasse 14
The half-timbered house on Marktplatz 5
The so-called Blutsmarter in the Upper Suburb
Hallburg Castle
The Hallburg castle ruins are located in the southwest of Volkach in the area of the district of the same name. The history of the castle is closely linked to that of Volkach himself. Until the 13th century, the Counts of Castell owned the Bailiwick of Hallburg Castle and the settlement at its foot. As a customs castle , the Hallburg was also of interest to the Würzburg prince-bishops, who received it from the counts in 1230. However, Würzburg handed the complex back to the counts as a monastery fief .
In the centuries that followed, the castellers deployed servants to the castle. At the same time, a prince-bishop's office was established with its seat on the Hallburg. In 1365, Stefan Zollner von Hallburg came into possession of the castle. In the centuries before, his family had often provided the bailiff at the Hallburg. Now the Zollner remained in possession of the castle until the 17th century, but lost it because they managed the goods unprofitable.
After the Counts of Stadion sat in the castle for a while, the Counts of Schönborn acquired the complex after secularization . At the beginning of the 20th century, as an artists' colony , the castle attracted several nationally known musicians to the Mainschleife in the summer months. The facility is still owned by the Counts of Schönborn, who run a restaurant here. The Hallburg is surrounded by vineyards ( Hallburger Schlossberg ), which also belong to the counts.
The Hallburg went through several destruction and subsequent construction phases. The built-up area decreased in size. The castle used to be twice as big as it is today. The remains of a round tower from the 13th century have been preserved. The long living area from the 16th century, slightly bent in the floor plan, has stepped gables. The preserved remains are surrounded by an oval ring. The Pankratius Chapel has existed inside since the 15th century .
Volkacher Salbuch
The most significant document in Volkach's history is the Volkacher Salbuch . It is now in the Barockscheune Museum and has thus been made accessible to the public. The volume, consisting of 527 sheets of paper, was created by the Volkach town clerk Niklas Brobst von Effelt and his son Sebastian around 1504. Brobst wanted to record the constitution of the municipality, which was then dominated by several town lords, while guaranteeing legal security for the citizens.
To this end, he created the work as an “open city book”, which not only included information such as taxes and interest dates, but also dealt with privileges , rights and regulations. The 127 colored pen drawings by Brobst or a painter are particularly impressive . They should make the processes of legal proceedings before the Volkacher Halsgericht just as clear to those who are unfamiliar with reading as they should explain the offices that are important for the city.
In the first two thirds of the book Brobst dealt mainly with the rights of the Volkach parish and dealt with the interest rates and the possessions of the city. With the beginning of the criminal part, the pictures become more frequent, here the process of a late medieval criminal process is shown. In the last part, the Salbuch contains the city offices and administrative law. The representations of the Salbuch are often depicted in scientific works about the late Middle Ages.
St. Maria Monastery
The south-western and oldest part of Volkach's old town is now partially occupied by a monastery of the Dillinger Franciscan nuns . The community stems from a lack of teachers for rural women. After a foundation, three Franciscan Sisters from Dillingen an der Donau and Mödingen arrived in the city on October 19, 1856 and immediately began teaching at the local city school.
On November 18, 1858, the Franciscan Sisters acquired the house of the former royal Bavarian forestry office right next to the parish church and established the nucleus of their monastery here. The nuns expanded the area by purchasing additional land in the following years. A girls' secondary school with an attached after-school care center was later built around the monastery . Today the monastery is a branch of the Dillinger Franciscan Sisters in the province of Bamberg .
Main loop railway
Volkach was connected to the city of Würzburg for over 80 years through the so-called Mainschleifenbahn. Today a reactivation of the railway for regular traffic is being discussed. The Bavarian branch line was built at the beginning of the 20th century. After construction began in 1907, the opening was celebrated on February 14, 1909. At that time the train still crossed the Volkach Main Bridge and ended at the train station in Volkach.
After the last freight train passed the route in 1991 , it was closed. An interest group ensured that the Mainschleifenbahn was reopened for excursions and special traffic in 2003. Since then, the train has been running between Astheim and Seligenstadt near Würzburg on weekends and public holidays . The termination stop today is the station Astheim (Volkach), the city itself is no longer reached by train.
The railway's vehicle is a rail bus , which consists of a railcar and a control car with a bicycle compartment. The entire length of the line is single-track and not electrified. There are 16 level crossings along the route, only 4 of which are technically secured. Further stops on the Mainschleifenbahn are Seligenstadt, Prosselsheim , Eisenheim and Astheim.
Baroque barn museum
The city of Volkach has had its own city museum since 2003 . It was housed in the so-called baroque barn at Weinstrasse 7. The building is a listed building ; it was first used as a barn since it was built in 1714 and later converted into a fire fighting equipment house. The associated courtyard was demolished in the course of the conversion to a museum, so that the barn is now set back.
The exhibition concept provides for a three-story permanent exhibition (on the upper floors and the basement). On the first floor the history of the city itself, its chronology, its rulers and its citizens are examined. The focus here is on a large, wooden city model and the original of the Volkacher Salbuch. The second floor takes the region of the Mainschleife as a basis: for centuries, the river formed the basis of coexistence, as did viticulture. The exhibition is complemented by a large collection of buckets .
Four collections form the basic holdings of the Volkacher Museum. An original Büttner room has been moved to the basement . The collection of the city of Volkach was also displayed here. It is complemented by the archaeological finds of the driver pastor Georg Wehner and a large collection of Franconian costumes . There is space for special exhibitions and other events on the ground floor. Six interactive stations have been set up for guided tours for children, with the town clerk Niklas Brobst taking the lead.
Forests, green spaces and leisure facilities
Forests and green spaces
The district of Volkach is characterized by only a few green areas. Instead, fields and other agricultural areas predominate. Only in the east does the urban forest with the forest departments Tännig, Brand, Straßenschlag and the so-called Hartwald extend. The forest stretches into the districts of Obervolkach and Rimbach and is part of the extensive drifting sand area with dunes on the Main loop. A fitness trail , the so-called Vita Parcours Erlachhof, was laid out in Tännig . Another forest area southwest of the city center, the forest on the Hallburg, is designated as a nature reserve.
The vineyards around the city with their paths running along the mountainside are popular hiking trails and were upgraded and decorated with modern sculptures by regional artists after the land consolidation in the 1970s . In the city itself, the largest green space is the Hindenburgpark (also known as the avenue ), which was named after the Reich President and honorary citizen. It takes up most of the west side of the old town and is bordered by the Volkachbach. Another, unnamed city park can be found in the northeast above the street In den Gräben.
The preserved moat gardens are a specialty of the Kitzingen district . In the course of the slow dissolution of the fortifications around the medieval Main cities, the community leased the drained trenches to private individuals . Vegetables were grown here for personal use, and flower belts were created around the city. In Volkach, this type of garden has largely been preserved to the west and northwest of the old town. The gardens are in private hands and most of them cannot be entered.
In the east of the old town, a park-like area could be seen on the original cadastre from the beginning of the 19th century, which was grouped around a baroque garden house. It is likely that wealthy wine merchants built the complex in the 18th century, although it had to give way to house building in the following times. Two garden houses from the 18th century have been preserved in Engertstrasse and Obervolkacher Strasse and still bear witness to this garden culture.
Further, public green spaces with mostly smaller areas were formed in the new building areas of the city. The green areas were often laid out around a playground . Such a small facility can be found on Professor-Jäcklein-Strasse and Am Sambühl. Julius-Echter-Platz is an exception because it takes up a larger area with its chestnut trees . On the edge of the built-up area near the Sonnenstraße building area is the unnamed city lake, which is surrounded by a large green area with a circular path.
Leisure facilities
The leisure facilities for practicing various sports are spread over the entire city area. Compaction only takes place along the driver's road. Here, near the Lower Suburb and the Hindenburg Park, is the Volkach outdoor pool with two pools and a large sunbathing area. The swimming pool is open continuously between May and September when the weather is good. The announced closure of the outdoor pool in May 2019 led to major protests by the population. The Volkacher indoor pool with just one pool is located on the premises of the association school in Jahnstraße. It is currently (2018) being renovated.
Several tennis courts run by the local club are attached to the outdoor pool on Driver Street . Next to it, within sight of the Maria im Weingarten church, are the VfL Volkach facilities. Most lawn sports can be practiced here ( see also sports clubs ). Further leisure facilities are arranged around the Mainschleifenhalle on Obervolkacher Strasse. In addition to sporting events, seed festivals and smaller trade fairs are also held here.
The sports hall of the association school in Jahnstraße is also used by the local clubs. In the commercial area Im Seelein, south of the old town, a shooting range was built in the 1970s, which the town's shooting club operates today. Several football pitches for individual soccer games are spread across the new building areas. The Volkacher Modellsportverein transformed an area in the area northwest of the pilgrimage church into a model sports area.
Regular events
By far the oldest event that takes place once a year in the city is the pilgrimage to Burgwindheim . Between 1611 and 1650 the plague struck the city and decimated the population. Thereupon the Volkachers swore a plague pledge and since 1646 have been calling once a year to the Holy Blood Chapel in Burgwindheim. In the 19th century, the pilgrimage was banned by the authorities for a number of years; It was not until then, parish priest Eugen Schön, who succeeded in lifting the ban in 1827. → see also: Blutsmarter (Volkach)
Several regular events also shape the course of the year in Volkach, today they are predominantly touristy . Once a quarter, a large flea market is held in Hindenburgpark, where not only professional dealers but also private sellers are represented. At the same time, the so-called spring, summer and autumn market runs along the main street, a shopping weekend with stands and smaller musical events on the market square.
The focus of the Volkacher festival calendar is the so-called Franconian Wine Festival on the second weekend in August. With around 60,000 visitors during the five days of the event, it is the largest wine festival in the Franconian wine-growing region . It has been taking place in the Hindenburgpark, mostly called the Weinfestpark, since 1949. There is also a large amusement park in the parking lot of the outdoor pool. Typical elements of the wine festival are the entry of the wine sovereignty of the Mainschleife and the great councilor fireworks.
The subject of wine has a decisive influence on the course of the year in the city. So, time and again, court festivals of individual restaurants or winegrowers are organized. The city of Volkach itself also organizes smaller wine markets on the market square. The largest of these festivals are the Volkacher Winterzauber and the Christmas Street, which replace a Christmas market . A Viking spectacle as a medieval market has also been taking place regularly in the wine festival park for some time. Trade fairs, including the desta spirits fair, are held in the Main Loop Hall.
Say
Plague
The legends that are told in Volkach all go back to the foundation of the pilgrimage to Burgwindheim, which was held for the first time in 1646. The lindworm motif is also related to the plague that struck the city during the Thirty Years' War.
The Volkach population is said to have apostate from the true faith in the past. As a punishment, heaven sent the plague into the city, which decimated the population and brought great suffering to Volkach. The apostate citizens then recognized their mistake and found their way back to the faith. The citizens began to hold a pilgrimage to Burgwindheim and to implore heaven for mercy. All Volkacher returned healthy.
Volkach's moat, where the old wayside shrine with St. George stands today, is said to have once been inhabited by a lindworm , whose poisonous breath harmed the residents. The water was drained and the dragon disappeared from the city. In gratitude for the salvation of the city, a great pilgrimage to Burgwindheim was organized every year on the Saturday after Corpus Christi . Another version of the forecast assumes a shoemaker who a spear with the poisonous juice of henbane watered and killed the dragon in a duel.
The hoi man
Similar to the surrounding towns of Gaibach, Obervolkach and Rimbach, there are also legends in Volkach about the so-called Hoi-Mann. Unlike in Gaibach, where the Hoi man is said to have been an evil castle administrator, in Volkach the legend was projected onto the bailiff of the city.
Once a very strict bailiff lived in Volkach who was relentless to the poor people in the city. He harassed an impoverished widow who could not pay her taxes. The woman pleaded, but the bailiff was tough. So in the end he even seized the cot on which the debtor's sick daughter was lying. But the woman cursed the bailiff. He became seriously ill and died after a while. But he was now around as a ghost in the office building. A Capuchin finally banished the ghost to the Haardt Forest.
In the Haardt Forest, the bailiff's ghost appeared on certain nights and roared so loudly that it could be heard as far as Volkach. Sometimes he is said to have been seen on a white horse in the woods. Others told of a headless horseman, the Hoi man on a black carriage and a three-legged hare. The hare acted as if it could no longer walk and thus lured hunters into the forest, who then lost their way.
One day several Volkach men went to the Haardt Forest because they wanted to steal wood. When they got to the forest, they counted because they suspected the forest ranger would have joined them. They fetched the wood and wanted to return to Volkach. But on the way the burden got heavier and heavier. It wasn't until they reached the Blutsmarter at the Upper Gate that the burden dropped. In addition to their stolen property, the men had also carried the Hoi man.
The bear farm
In the former Eiergasse, today's Spitalstrasse, stood the so-called Bärenhof. A large, enchanted bear is supposed to have walked here originally, which is why the building got its name. A Volkach master plumber is said to have once challenged the bear spirit and went into the house at night. After a short time he returned in fear. His brown hair had turned white. He never told anyone what he had seen.
Later the ghost left the building and appeared to many people in the neighborhood. Now it had taken on a woman who was called the "old Fraele". A priest managed to redeem the spirit from the bear court. He covered himself with a white cloth and talked to the ghost. Then the "Frale" shook his hand and was immediately released. On the clergyman's white cloth, however, there were five brand marks where the hand of the spirit was.
The little bells
In the darkness of Volkach every day a bright bell rings from the church tower of the parish church. The locals called it the little bell-riot because it could show stray hikers the right way. A knight's lady from the equally legendary castle on the Halbmeilensee, the Oeleburg , once got lost. Then she heard the bell in the distance and found her way back. Then she is said to have donated the evening bell . The bell rang at 7 p.m. in winter and 9 p.m. in summer.
The Kirchberg
When the Swedes occupied Volkach during the Thirty Years' War, an officer tried to break the door of the Kirchberg Chapel on a horse. The horseshoe but the horse got stuck at the chapel door and he could not solve. The Swedes were so impressed by God's show of power that they left the chapel alone from then on. You can still find the horseshoes on the chapel door today.
Another legend has to do with the Kirchberg. Then the Swedes wanted to plunder the chapel on the mountain again. The chapel, however, was under the special protection of the Mother of God. When the Swedes wanted to climb the mountain, the vineyard piles in the area were turned against the attackers and formed an insurmountable protective wall. In memory of this miracle, the horseshoes are said to have been nailed to the door.
In addition, the city of Volkach is said to have originally been located around the chapel. The Swedes, however, completely destroyed the city during the war, so that only the church remained. The Mother of God had protected the building by turning the chapel into three stars. But when the enemy had withdrawn, the church reappeared undamaged in its old place. The city was rebuilt down the river Main.
Economy and Infrastructure
In February 2018, Volkach was upgraded from a sub-center to a medium- sized center in the Bavarian regional plan. In addition to basic supplies for the surrounding areas, the core town of Volkach also has specialists, a wide range of shops, a hospital, notaries, lawyers, as well as tax advisors, swimming pools and secondary schools. Volkach forms the center of the northern district of Kitzingen.
economy
Viticulture
Even before the regional reform, Volkach was one of the largest wine-growing communities in Franconia. Together with the incorporated districts, the city today owns most of the vineyards in the wine-growing region with over 620 hectares . "Vinetis campis", meaning vineyards, are already mentioned in the first mention of the year 906. The Franks had probably already brought the grapevine from France to the Mainschleife.
In the following centuries Franconia developed into one of the largest contiguous wine-growing regions of the Holy Roman Empire , also because the monasteries and spiritual manors around Volkach, the monasteries Ebrach and Münsterschwarzach , as well as the Bishopric Würzburg, promoted cultivation. Volkach probably rose to town because of its viticulture, and the surrounding areas, which are also viticulture, required a central sales market. The so-called Weingülten , taxes, were also collected at the Volkacher Markt .
The urban organization was also shaped by viticulture. So one appointed winery owners who had to swear an oath to the mayor and were assigned to guard the vineyards. In addition, the city employed tithe servants, Weinschreier and Schröter . The establishment of the Volkach standard was important in order to always be able to count on the same amount of wine. Efforts to ensure good wine quality bore fruit, in the Middle Ages and early modern times, Volkacher wine was also traded in Nuremberg and Leipzig .
The collapse of the wine market at the beginning of the 19th century had several reasons. As a result of the secularization , the monasteries and in particular the Würzburg monastery were dissolved and the clergy as patrons and buyers of the wines fell away. At the same time, beer began its triumphal march through the connection to Bavaria and the Franconian winemakers had to deal with competition from French wines at the same time, because the import bans were lifted in 1803.
In the second half of the 19th century phylloxera destroyed large parts of the remaining vineyards. In Volkach, after initial desperation, they had meanwhile switched to fruit growing. At the same time, tourism was promoted to the Mainschleife. It was only after the Second World War that wine around Volkach was able to gain a foothold again. In addition to improved fertilization methods , from 1954 onwards the winegrowers organized themselves into the "Mainschleife" winegrowers' cooperative . Due to the land consolidation, many winemakers joined the cooperative.
After joining the Repperndorf regional winegrowers' cooperative , viticulture began to recapture its old position on the Main loop. The part-time business became full-time vintners again. Today Volkach has a similar position in viticulture as in the 18th century. The main street is dominated by the many wine shops and wineries . The Volkacher wine has been marketed under the site name "Ratsherr" since 1971.
In Volkach, the branch of a winery manufacturer was established in the 21st century. Several Volkach winegrowers have received awards, but the number of awards is much lower than in neighboring Escherndorf. The Zur Schwane winery from the inn of the same name in the old town has also been recognized by the Association of German Predicate and Quality Wineries , as has the Graf von Schönborn winery on the Hallburg. The Max Müller I winery received the Eichelmann Prize with four stars in 2017.
| Vineyard | Size 1830 | Size 1887 | Size 1940 | Size 1976 | Compass direction | Slope | Main grape varieties | Great location |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Volkacher councilor | 233 ha | 150 ha | 43 hectares | 120 ha | South, southwest | 10-50% | Müller-Thurgau, Silvaner, Kerner and others | Volkacher Kirchberg |
tourism
Today cultural tourism is one of the economic pillars of the communities on the Mainschleife. The cultural landscape with the vineyards and the Main also contribute to this, as does the historic Volkach old town. Historically, the development of the Main Loop as a tourist destination began as early as the 19th century. At that time the Bavarian Crown Princess Therese visited the so-called Schwefelbad Wipfeld and the Vogelsburg with its view over the Mainschleife.
Since the 1820s, the government of the Lower Main District forced the establishment of so-called beautification commissions, which were primarily intended to upgrade the main streets with avenue trees. The commission was founded in Volkach on October 12, 1826. The commission also promoted the planting of fruit trees because more and more vineyards were deserted. However , the city only received a real beautification association on January 18, 1893, the founding meeting took place in the Gasthof Zum Löwen.
| Chairman of the Beautification Association | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Franz Klühspies | 1893-1899 | ||||||
| N. Berninger | 1899-1909 | ||||||
| Josef Guardian | 1909-1935 | ||||||
| N. Kleinlein | 1935-1950 | ||||||
| Hermann Buschmann | 1950-1976 | ||||||
| Rolf Landauer | 1976-1979 | ||||||
| Waldemar Sperling | 1979-2005 | ||||||
| Marco Maiberger | since 2005 | ||||||
In addition to the obligatory planting of fruit trees, which soon drove the so-called "flower trains" to the fruit blossom from Würzburg to the Mainschleife, the association also took care of the transformation of the so-called Gänsewiese into today's wine festival site in Hindenburgpark, the installation of park benches and flower arrangements on the houses. The association's activities were successful and the city soon tried to obtain concessions for serving wine and coffee .
While in Volkach itself the excursion tourism from Würzburg and Nuremberg predominated, the Hallburg had already been attracting cultural tourists since the 1920s. In 1927 over 5,000 people attended the chamber music concerts at the castle, which were sponsored by Professor Willy Lamping. In 1935, a winegrowers festival was held for the first time in Volkach, and midsummer celebrations also drove people to the Mainschleife during the National Socialist dictatorship .
After the Second World War, the Franconian Wine Festival, first held in 1949, marked a new beginning for tourism on the Mainschleife. In 1958 the city received a local museum in the Schelfenhaus. With the establishment of the so-called Bocksbeutelseminare in 1971, real cultural tourists were now drawn to Volkach. In 1972 the city was the first municipality in Franconia to be represented at the International Tourism Exchange in West Berlin. On January 27, 1976 Volkach was named a state-approved resort by the Free State of Bavaria .
With the incorporation of the districts, the city itself rose to the center of the (unofficial) Mainschleife tourism region . In Volkach today there are events for tourists all year round, most of which are related to wine. The city has a tourist information center in the historic town hall. It is marketed by the umbrella organization “The Hospitable Five”, under which the cities of Dettelbach , Gerolzhofen, Iphofen , Kitzingen and Volkach have come together. They are part of the Franconian Wine Country tourism region.
Fruit growing
Today Volkach is no longer strongly influenced by fruit growing . Instead, viticulture and especially tourism have replaced the cultivation of fruit. However, until the end of the 20th century, Bavaria's largest economic area for fruit and horticultural products existed on the Mainschleife. The short flowering of fruit growing did not begin until the 19th century, before there had been no planned fruit stocks around the city.
| Fruit growing in Volkach | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| year | Duration | ||||||
| 1878 | 10,383 trees | ||||||
| 1913 | 27,331 trees | ||||||
The decline of viticulture in the first half of the 19th century was accompanied by measures by the Bavarian government to put the communities on the Mainschleife on new, economic feet. Fruit tree planting was also prescribed, as was the establishment of industrial or tree nurseries . The efforts were accompanied by the founding of so-called beautification commissions. The first meeting of such an association in Volkach took place on October 12, 1826. From 1827 the city even employed a municipal fruit tree keeper.
In 1861 the city set up a tree nursery, thereby promoting the professionalization of fruit tree cultivation. By the end of the century, fruit exports established themselves alongside wine as a real economic factor around Volkach. Plums , apples and pears in particular were grown. The construction of the Mainschleifenbahn was also pushed ahead in order to further increase exports. Conversely, the train with the so-called "flower trains" attracted excursion guests during the blossom of the trees.
With the establishment of the Volkach wholesale market at Easter 1929, Volkach's position as a fruit growing community was cemented. After the Second World War, part of the export markets collapsed due to the division of Germany , but they could be replaced quickly. In the 1980s, the area around Volkach rose to become the second largest plum cultivation area in Germany. The revival of viticulture ended the flowering of fruit growing abruptly by the end of the 20th century. The wholesale market was abandoned.
Retail and services
Volkach is the service and retail center of the northern district of Kitzingen, which was again confirmed by the upgrade to a medium-sized center in 2018. In both sectors there are around 75 companies in the city (2012/2013), of which approx. 80% can be assigned to the retail sector and only approx. 9% to the service sector. The business people are organized in the Volkacher Mainschleife trade association.
The small-scale structure becomes clear because most companies only have a shop area of up to 100 m² and only employ up to five employees. Only the large retailers, such as supermarket chains and discounters , have more employees. The markets are distributed decentrally across the city, with three centers in the old town, the upper suburb and the so-called shopping park. Most of the time, however, people shop in supermarkets and the shopping center.
But in contrast to the neighboring medium-sized centers Gerolzhofen and Kitzingen, Volkach has lower retail sales and a lower centrality index . In particular, increased city marketing , which attracts more customers to the city, is intended to remedy this. In addition, a greater standardization of shop opening times and an improvement in accessibility for individual shops are being considered.
A specialty of the Volkach city center are the many winegrowers and vinotheques, as well as the souvenir shops with tourism products from the Mainschleife. They are due to the fact that the city is mainly known for viticulture. Many wine-growing businesses that are not based in the city center are now represented with a vinotheque or hedge tavern . There are also several long -established restaurants , some with a long tradition.
The Volkach city center also has branches of several banks. Although the branch of Castell-Bank was closed in 2019, there are still branches of Sparkasse Mainfranken Würzburg and Hypovereinsbank in the city . The Raiffeisenbank Volkacher Mainschleife - Wiesentheid is even based in Volkach. The bank has a large catchment area that includes places in the districts of Kitzingen, Schweinfurt and Würzburg. In 2017 it had total assets of 382 million euros.
Other branches of industry
The industrialization began in Volkach only in the 1930s and remained a few companies limited to a few. In 1937, August Messler applied for a patent for the so-called basalt rock wool for insulation, and a short time later he founded the “Erste Deutsche Basaltwolle KG” in Volkach. Messler opened licensed plants in Wilhelmshaven , Italy , Spain , Sweden and South America and soon employed over 100 people in Volkach. The company, renamed MEVO (Messler Volkach) by August's widow Agnes Messler, moved its headquarters to Bergrheinfeld in 1986 and was dissolved around the year 2000.
In the post-war period, the "OSON Glaswarenfabrik und Export-Oskar Sontag KG" was founded in Volkacher Industriestrasse as a spin-off of the JSO (Ida Sontag, Frankfurt am Main ). Initially, the company manufactured all sorts of specialty glass products, and from 1950 onwards they specialized in clinical thermometers and pharmaceutical packaging glasses . Over 300 people were employed at peak times. They exported to Asia in particular , which is why the slogan “OSON products carry the Volkach name all over the world” was created. After the end of the Cold War, production was increasingly relocated to Eastern Europe , so that OSON had to close in 2000.
In the 1960s, the "Deutsche Star Kugelfischer GmbH" established a supplier for the automotive industry on Dimbacher Strasse. The plant was later taken over by the Schweinfurt company FAG Kugelfischer . Today, Bosch Rexroth produces ball screws, precision steel shafts, planetary screw drives, shafts and tolerance rings here . All three companies shaped the Volkach post-war period and during these years reduced unemployment on the Mainschleife.
traffic
After the discontinuation of regular passenger traffic on the Mainschleifenbahn, Volkach can only be reached by road today, with the exception of the so-called Mainschleifen route on the Main. The Volkach old town is accessed by access roads, which were mostly named after districts and which continue into the surrounding area. In addition, most of the city center is surrounded by a ring of state roads. Volkach is the center of public bus services in the northern district of Kitzingen. In addition, the city is criss-crossed by several national bike paths, holiday routes and pilgrimage routes.
Road traffic
Coming from Gaibach, the state road 2271 leads from the north over the northern settlement areas in the west along the Volkach old town. It ends at the edge of the old town in a large roundabout and is called Gaibacher Straße in the urban area. The Obervolkacher Strasse, which runs from the east and runs past the Mainschleifenhalle, ends in the Upper Suburb. At the eastern edge of the development it turns into State Road 2274 in the direction of Obervolkach. A planned bypass road, which will start here and lead via Gaibach to Kolitzheim , was planned, but was ultimately prevented by a citizens' initiative.
State road 2274 also forms the northern part of the bypass ring and ends at the intersection in the direction of Eichfeld. Here state road 2260 turns left when coming from Eichfeld and forms the second part of the bypass. It continues through the Volkach settlement areas in the southeast as Eichfelder Strasse. The state road 2260 clasps, as Dieselstraße , the industrial area Im Seelein and forms the southern end of the roundabout in the west of the old town.
The roundabout not only mediates between the State Roads 2271 and 2260, but also leads to the west with the Main Bridge across the river towards Astheim. The Main Bridge was inaugurated in 1892, before Volkach and Astheim were connected by a ferry company that was in the hands of the Astheim community. After the bridge was blown up by the Wehrmacht in 1945, reconstruction began quickly, with the temporary solution , a makeshift bridge , lasting until 2011.
Another important street in the Volkach district is State Road 2271, which runs south of the built-up area in the direction of Schwarzach am Main . It opens up the city for long-distance traffic . This is also where the KT 29 district road branches off in the direction of Hallburg and the so-called Weininsel, it runs over a bridge over the Main Canal. In addition, the district road KT 10, south of the built-up area, connects Volkach with Dimbach . In contrast, the KT 34 district road runs in a north-westerly direction towards Fahr.
Volkach is in the catchment area of the Franconian bus traffic . A total of six bus stops can be found in the city area with Eichfelder Strasse, Gaibacher Strasse, Obervolkacher Strasse, elementary school, Mainfrankenkaserne and Volkach train station. You will be served by a total of four bus routes that connect the city with all major towns in the area. These are the bus routes 8105 ( Würzburg Hbf - Kürnach -Volkach), 8110 (Kitzingen-Dettelbach / Schwarzach-Volkach), 8287 (Volkach- Wiesentheid ) and 8290 ( Krautheim -Volkach-Münsterschwarzach).
The city is also the starting point for the main loop shuttle, which connects the towns on the Main loop between May and October and is used in particular by visitors to the wine festival. Since 2018, the offer has also been extended to some communities in the Steigerwald . Both lines run from Volkach train station. The districts and the places of the administrative community are connected to Volkach by a citizen bus .
Shipping
With its location on the Main , Volkach was oriented towards the river for a long time. The city development in the 13th century cemented the orientation to the south (Kitzingen) or north (Schweinfurt), so that the old town is now parallel to the main on a flood-free terrace . During the Middle Ages and the early modern period, the people of Astheim had the right to use the river on the opposite side of the Main. Only with the construction of the Main Bridge in 1892 and later the Main Loop Railway in 1909 did the Main become an economic factor again.
The Volkach Main loop with its narrow river meanders posed a problem in the 20th century for the expansion of the Main into a major shipping route. Therefore, it was initially planned to dig a shipping tunnel through the Vogelsberg or Escherndorfer Berg. The plans were changed in the post-war period. Between 1950 and 1957 a Main Canal was built between the city of Volkach and Gerlachshausen . From then on, Volkach was on the main shipping route.
Volkach has a port at river kilometer 305.5 L, which has been out of service since the beginning of the 21st century. The city is the home port of several ships, including the "Morgenstern" from 1979. The Main was opened up for tourism in the 1990s. Since 1993, the excursion boat "MS Undine" has been operating on the so-called Main Route between Volkach and Wipfeld, visiting the sights along the river. Later a campsite and canoe rental was built on the river.
The commissioning of a cruise ship dock is planned for 2019 . The project aims to further promote tourism in the city. The landing stage is also intended to be the starting point for further development of the banks of the Main. A large hotel building on the riverbank was prevented by a referendum in 2018. Further plans include the construction of a promenade and the maintenance of a green zone between the river and the city.
Holiday roads, bike paths, etc.
Several so-called holiday and tourist routes and cycle paths run through Volkach. They originally served to develop areas for tourism and are mostly under one motto.
- Bocksbeutelstrasse - The Bocksbeutelstrasse was created after the Second World War and today runs to the most important places in the Franconian wine-growing region . Volkach is in the eastern part of the road and can be reached via Dettelbach-Wiesentheid-Gerolzhofen (St 2274) from the east and Schweinfurt - Vogelsburg (St 2260) from the west. The city was included in particular because of the closed old town.
- Fränkischer Marienweg - The Franconian Marienweg was established by the Würzburg pastor Josef Treutlein as a long-distance hiking trail to special places of Marian worship in Lower Franconia since 2002. Volkach is on Route 3 in the direction of Steigerwald, the pilgrimage church Maria im Weingarten above the city is visited.
- Main Cycle Path - The Main Cycle Path crosses the city as a long-distance cycle path. Several regional bike paths branch off from it in and around Volkach. The route stretches from the south (along the Altmain from Nordheim) or north (in the direction of Fahr) along the Main. A bicycle workshop and bicycle rental for conventional bicycles and e-bikes is available in the city for cyclists who are passing through .
education
The Volkach community can be considered an educational center. Most types of secondary school can be found here. In the city itself, in addition to a municipal kindergarten , there is only one elementary school , one middle school (together in the premises of an association school) and one girls' secondary school . In addition, there are educational institutions for extracurricular, lifelong learning with the music school and a community college .
Historically, young academics have been trained in the so-called Latin school in Volkach since the 15th century . The facility, which is spatially closely related to the parish church of St. Bartholomew, was first mentioned in 1447 and enabled its graduates to either take up a job in administration or to begin studying . The former Latin school existed until 1847. During the Middle Ages and the early modern period, the city also had a German school in the town hall, which provided more basic education.
In 1856, Franciscan nuns from Dillingen were brought to the Mainschleife to educate the female population. This monastery school was ministerially approved in 1897 and still exists today as a girls' secondary school in the west of Volkach's old town. The German school in the town hall subsequently developed into a primary school. After the Second World War, however, this type of school reached its limits because there was a great lack of space in the town hall.
So they started with a new building, which was completed in 1951 east of the old town in the extension of Spitalstrasse. Since the 1960s, the Bavarian state has been promoting the establishment of so-called association schools. Volkach became the seat of such a school, next to which a secondary school was also located. It still exists today. The Franken-Landschulheim in what is now the Volkach district of Gaibach has existed for grammar school education since 1949 . The Steigerwald-Landschulheim in Wiesentheid and the Münsterschwarzacher monastery school are also popular .
Associations and associations
Emergency aid organizations
By far the oldest emergency aid organization in Volkach is the city's volunteer fire department . It has existed since the middle of the 19th century and is now also supported by a fire brigade association. The fire brigade has had various locations in the city since it was founded, initially within the city wall, later on the Volkachbach near the Zeilitzheimer Tor. At the end of the 20th century, the former wholesale market hall south of the old town was converted into a fire station.
The Volkach fire brigade is a so-called base brigade and, as such, is also responsible for operations on the federal motorway 3 . In addition, base brigades receive additional equipment for special missions. The Volkach fire brigade currently maintains the following vehicles: a Ford Transit as a multi-purpose vehicle, a tank fire engine 3000 (2013), a fire fighting vehicle 16/12 (1995), a portable pump vehicle (1987), a telescopic rescue platform (2007) and two equipment trolleys. Acting commandant is Fred Mahler.
In addition to the fire brigade, the Bavarian Red Cross (BRK) is on standby in Volkach . As early as 1870, a women's group was founded in the city, and was reinforced in 1926 by the Volkach medical column. There has been a full-time readiness in the city since 1975. In 1998 we moved into the Rotkreuzhaus in Gaibacher Strasse. In addition, there is a water watch in Volkach due to its proximity to the Main , which is also part of the BRK.
sports clubs
The largest sports club in Volkach is the physical exercise club (VfL) with its large football department. It was founded on July 31, 1927 as 1. FC Volkach. The club was dissolved in 1938 and re-established as VfL in 1948. Now the football department has been reinforced by a handball section and a boxing relay. In 1948 the VfL was expanded to include a table tennis department. In 1962, the clubhouse on Driver Strasse was inaugurated, and a cinder track had existed here since it was founded .
With the establishment of a women's gymnastics department in 1972, VfL opened up to both sexes. Two years later, the volleyball department was created. In 1992, the senior national team of the United Arab Emirates competed against an expanded selection of VfL. The football department was rewarded in 1995 with the promotion to the district league . In 2014 the volleyball players were promoted to the Bayernliga Nord, in which they still play today. The first team of football players play in the district league today.
The handball community (HSG), which was spun off from VfL in 1999, is much younger. Today it offers the Volkach handball players their own platform. The men's team of the association occurs in the current season in the Bezirksoberliga , while the women in the country's league play season Nord. In addition to the two large clubs, there is a music club in the city , which was founded in 1867, a youth wind orchestra, a sport fishing club, a dance club, a diving club and a tennis club.
The oldest club in the city, however, is the Royal Privileged Shooting Society from 1440. At that time, a Sebastian Brotherhood was first mentioned as an association of all shooters in the city. On February 1, 1844, the rifle society was given a new order based on the Bavarian rifle regulations of 1796. From then on she could also call herself royally “privileged”. Today pistols and air rifles are used . Since 1992 there has also been a large archery department.
Other clubs and associations
The respective local associations of the parties are important additions to the social life of the city . In the city there is a large CSU local association, a local association of the FDP, an SPD local association, an organization of the Free Voting Association and the so-called Volkach Citizens' List . Other important associations are the Arbeiterwohlfahrt, the Sozialverband VdK, the Bund Naturschutz , the Heimatverein Volkacher Mainschleife and the Weinbauverein Volkach.
The following associations also exist: Astronomy Club Volkach, Caritas Social Station St. Laurentius, One World Group, FC Bayern Fan Club, Mainschleifenbahn Development Association, Volkacher Mainschleife Trade Association, Volkach / Gerolzhofen Regional Hospice Group, Volkach Carnival Society, Catholic Women's Association, Kolping Family, model building friends , Fruit and Horticultural Association, Theaterring Mainfranken-Theater , Reservist Association , Association of Hiking Friends, Association for Outpatient Nursing, the Tourist Association and the Bird Friends.
Helios Clinic Volkach
The Helios Klinik Volkach is located on Schaubmühlstrasse east of the old town. The hospital provides basic medical care for the local population and is included in the Bavarian hospital plan. During the Middle Ages the city was the site of a Seelhauses and a hospice house for medical care. In 1607, Prince-Bishop Julius Echter von Mespelbrunn founded another hospital in the city.
Health care was only professionalized with the establishment of a district hospital in 1857. It was not until 1895 that a house was established at the current location. The institution, initially intended as a private hospital , already had 27 beds in 1914. After the Second World War, the Würzburg University Policlinic moved briefly into the Volkach House, as Würzburg itself was largely destroyed. In the period that followed, the Volkacher Clinic was converted into an institutional hospital with permanent doctors.
In 1992 the Volkach Hospital, now a district hospital in the Kitzingen district, was on the brink. It was only saved by a signature campaign by the population. However, it was privatized in 1993 . Today, the Volkacher Klinik specializes in surgery. For sports surgery, a medical care center (MVZ) with specialists was also established on the premises of the hospital .
German Academy for Children's and Youth Literature, Fairy Tale Foundation
Today the city is the seat of two important institutions for literature and language. In 1976, for example, the German Academy for Children's and Young People's Literature was founded in the Volkacher Schelfenhaus . The academy aims to promote children's and youth literature and its authors, and awards the Academy’s Grand Prize , the so-called Volkacher Taler and the Korbinian Paul Maar Prize for young talents. Michael Ende , Gudrun Pausewang and Rafik Schami were among the winners of the Grand Prix .
In 1985, the Lower Saxony travel entrepreneur Walter Kahn founded the so-called Fairy Tale Foundation in Frankfurt am Main. It serves to research and preserve the traditional European fairy tales and legends. The foundation organizes lecture series and issues publications on the topic. Today she has an office in Volkach. The European Fairy Tale Prize , endowed with 5,000 euros, and the Lutz Röhrich Prize are also awarded by the foundation.
Mainfranken barracks
Volkach has been a Bundeswehr base since the 1980s . The city council gave permission to build barracks in 1958 ; however, the construction of a military base did not begin until 1984. The Mainfranken barracks were built between 1984 and 1986 as the last new building for the Bundeswehr in Germany. On November 8, 1986, then Federal Defense Minister Manfred Wörner gave the new barracks its name. The buildings were built southeast of the city center.
Since the barracks was initially designed for pioneer troops, the Volkach-Nordheim military training area was also built between Volkach-Astheim and Nordheim on part of the so-called Altmain in the nature reserve. The planned construction led to major protests from winemakers, especially from Nordheim am Main. After all, high environmental protection measures were observed during construction. In the meantime (2018) the military training area has been closed, only a smaller training area near the barracks exists.
The Mainfranken barracks were initially occupied by a maintenance and engineer battalion. After the soldiers were deployed primarily as disaster relief workers for floods in the 1990s, a realignment became noticeable when the GDR joined the Federal Republic. From then on, the Volkach units also took part in missions abroad. The logistics battalion 467 has existed in Volkach since 2011 and is part of the armed forces base and the medical service.
Personalities
Sons and daughters of the place
Over the centuries, the city of Volkach has produced a large number of famous men and women who are still well known today through their work. In the Middle Ages, the nobility in particular had the opportunity to rise. On the Hallburg near Volkach sat the Zollner von der Hallburg, whose family members rose to some high offices in the surrounding monasteries. On the other hand, Heinrich von Volkach (around 1310-1359), who became auxiliary bishop in Regensburg, came from a middle-class family .
Volkach experienced a heyday in the late Middle Ages and the beginning of the early modern period. A Latin school was founded in the town around 1447, so that the city could now educate its academic offspring itself. Some of the graduates studied later and were employed as high officials, or they continued to obtain church posts in the Franconian monasteries. Andreas Presson (1637–1701) worked as a translator and poet. He rose to a diplomat in the service of the Schönborn family.
The upswing in viticulture in the 18th century was a blessing for many previously arable families. They succeeded in the second generation, the father had come to some wealth through viticulture, to produce academics himself. The Schelf-Balbus family should be mentioned here in particular. While the first generation contented themselves with erecting representative buildings in Volkach itself, Johann Wilderich Balbus as Ambrosius (1704–1794) and Johann Albert as Christophorus (1706–1766) were elected influential abbots.
Although the 19th century went hand in hand with a loss of importance as a central place, the opportunities for advancement of the population as a whole differed greatly due to the end of feudalism and the onset of early constitutionalism. Members of parliament like Andreas Schellhorn (1761–1845), artists like Peter Geist (1816–1867), or inventors like Geist's brother Sebastian (1817–1908) came from Volkach . In the 20th century the number of people born in Volkach declined. However, the city produced several wine sovereignties such as the German Wine Queen 2008/2009 Marlies Dumbsky (* 1985).
Connected to Volkach
A large number of important personalities are connected to Volkach because they either supported the city particularly or grew up here. In the early days of the settlement, particular mention should be made of the local and town lords. Many members of the Castell family did their best to turn Volkach into a town in the 13th century. Hermann I zu Castell († 1289) and his brother Heinrich II zu Castell († around 1307) then divided the rule over the settlement among themselves and thus initiated the loss of influence of the count family.
The prince-bishops of Würzburg were the main beneficiaries of this situation. They acquired the city bit by bit and continued to promote it. So did Rudolf II. Of Scherenberg the parish Volkach (around 1401-1495) as a special patron out and joined in the Marian Brotherhood on the Kirchberg. His successor Lorenz von Bibra (1459–1519) did the same. The donation of the bishops culminated in the support of Julius Echter von Mespelbrunn (1545–1617), who, in addition to building work in Volkach, also made his brother Valentin (1550–1624) a Volkach bailiff.
In the 19th century there was no funding from the bishops because the spiritual territory of the Würzburg monastery was dissolved. Instead, bourgeois patrons donated their fortunes to the city. The kindergarten was built with the help of Charles Engert (1853–1911), an emigrant from the United States from Volkach. In the 19th and 20th centuries, politicians also made a contribution to the city. Frank Hofmann (* 1949) was an SPD member of the Bundestag and had his constituency office in the city.
Honorary citizen
Between 1819 and 1978 (incorporation of the last district) the city of Volkach awarded a total of 22 people, exclusively men, with the honorary citizenship . The personalities had rendered outstanding services to the city. Above all, notables and clergy were honored with the dignity, in addition, politicians have received the honorary citizenship of the city particularly often. The mayor Friedrich Russ received the award in 1990 as the 23rd, because he had rendered services to the incorporation. The honorees were listed according to the date of their award, if the date is unclear, the date of death of the person counts.
|
|
literature
Literature about Volkach
- Hermann Buschmann: Economic life in Volkach . In: Stadtverwaltung Volkach (ed.): Volkach. 1258-1958. Volkach 1958. pp. 89-94.
- Gerhard Egert: From the history of tourism in Volkach . In: Ute Feuerbach (Ed.): Volkach. 1993-2007 . Volkach 2008. pp. 25-36.
- Gerhard Egert: The inhabitants of the city of Volkach in 1574 . In: Ute Feuerbach (Ed.): Volkach. 906-2006 . Volkach 2006. pp. 39-42.
- Gerhard Egert: The Swedes in Volkach, 1631–1634 . In: Ute Feuerbach (Ed.): Our Main Loop. 1978-1992 . Volkach 2008. pp. 216-228.
- Gerhard Egert: The urban centers of the city - a contribution to the historical topography of Volkach . In: Ute Feuerbach (Ed.): Our Main Loop. 1978-1992 . Volkach 2008. pp. 337-339.
- Gerhard Egert: The Volkacher Markets . In: Ute Feuerbach (Ed.): Volkach. 906-2006 . Volkach 2006. pp. 334-337.
- Gerhard Egert: A Volkach blood court trial in 1582 . In: Ute Feuerbach (Ed.): Volkach. 906-2006 . Volkach 2006. pp. 61-69.
- Gerhard Egert: Hereditary homage “to the city of Volkach” . In: Ute Feuerbach (Ed.): Volkach. 906-2006 . Volkach 2006. pp. 35-38.
- Gerhard Egert: Formation of borders and areas in the city of Volkach . In: Ute Feuerbach (Ed.): Volkach. 906-2006 . Volkach 2006. pp. 87-89.
- Gerhard Egert: Great fires in Volkach in the 19th century . In: Ute Feuerbach (Ed.): Our Main Loop. 1978-1992 . Volkach 2008. pp. 157-163.
- Gerhard Egert: City and Parish Volkach am Main (A contribution to the city history of Franconia). Part I. The urban territory from the beginnings to the end of the Old Kingdom in 1803 . Volkach and Würzburg 1964.
- Gerhard Egert: Volkach: The urban development 1955–1957 . In: Ute Feuerbach (Ed.): Volkach. 906-2006 . Volkach 2006. pp. 135-138.
- Gerhard Egert: From the villa (village) to the civitas (city) Volkach . In: Ute Feuerbach (Ed.): Volkach. 906-2006 . Volkach 2006. pp. 7-10.
- Gerhard Egert: On the statistics of the city of Volkach in 1698 . In: Ute Feuerbach (Ed.): Our Main Loop. 1978-1992 . Volkach 2008. pp. 296-299.
- Gerhard Egert, Oskar Kern: Eugen Schön. Pastor of Volkach. Contributions to the personnel history of a small Franconian town in the 19th century (= Volkacher Hefte 4) . Volkach 1983.
- Ute Feuerbach: 1100 years of documented history of Volkach. The document of 906 . In: Ute Feuerbach (Ed.): Volkach. 1993-2007 . Volkach 2008. pp. 352-355.
- Ute Feuerbach: Education and School . In: Ute Feuerbach (Ed.): Volkach. 906-2006 . Volkach 2006. pp. 155-162.
- Ute Feuerbach: The Volkacher Salbuch . Volkach 2006.
- Ute Feuerbach: The wine . In: Ute Feuerbach (Ed.): Volkach. 906-2006 . Volkach 2006. pp. 281-293.
- Ute Feuerbach: The baroque barn - facts and fictions about a converted monument . In: Ute Feuerbach (Ed.): Volkach. 1993-2007 . Volkach 2008. pp. 301-305.
- Ute Feuerbach: The parish . In: Ute Feuerbach (Ed.): Volkach. 906-2006 . Volkach 2006. pp. 195-205.
- Friedrich Leimböck: The Volkach wholesale market . In: District Administrator and District Council of the District of Kitzingen (Hrsg.): District of Kitzingen . Münsterschwarzach 1984. pp. 359-361.
- Markus Josef Maier: The shelf house in Volkach. Its architecture and its stucco ceilings, a contribution to Franconian baroque research . Volkach 2001.
- Victor Metzner: The Protestant community in Volkach becomes independent . In: Ute Feuerbach (Ed.): Volkach. 906-2006 . Volkach 2006. pp. 277-280.
- Herbert Meyer: The upper market as a Volkacher history book . In: Ute Feuerbach (Ed.): Volkach. 1993-2007 . Volkach 2008. pp. 157-163.
- Herbert Meyer: Local history in the Spiegel Volkacher newspapers . In: Ute Feuerbach (Ed.): Our Main Loop. 1978-1992 . Volkach 2008. pp. 181-183.
- Herbert Meyer: Volkach after the last war . In: Ute Feuerbach (Ed.): Volkach. 906-2006 . Volkach 2006. pp. 130-134.
- Herbert Meyer: From the district hospital to the Helios clinic . In: Ute Feuerbach (Ed.): Volkach. 1993-2007 . Volkach 2008. pp. 121-125.
- Jutta Müller: 125 years of St. Maria monastery in Volkach . In: Ute Feuerbach (Ed.): Volkach. 906-2006 . Volkach 2006. pp. 233-236.
- Hanswernfried Muth: pilgrimage church of St. Maria im Weingarten, parish church of St. Bartholomäus Volkach (= Schnell art guide No. 227) . Regensburg 7 2005.
- Walter Scherzer: Volkach and the Castell family . In: Ute Feuerbach (Ed.): Volkach. 906-2006 . Volkach 2006. pp. 27-32.
- Günther Schmitt: Old Volkacher Gardens in and in front of the city . In: Ute Feuerbach (Ed.): Our Main Loop. 2008-2017 . Volkach 2018. pp. 175–181.
- Günther Schmitt: House chronicle of the city of Volkach as a mirror of the bourgeoisie. From the end of the 17th century until today (= Volkacher Hefte vol. 19) . Volkach 2017.
- Eugen Schön: Historical news about Volkach, especially its ecclesiastical situation . In: Archives of the historical association for the Lower Main District, Vol. 2 . Würzburg 1834. pp. 1-182.
- Georg Wehner: City of Volkach and Franconian nobility in the late Middle Ages . In: Ute Feuerbach (Ed.): Volkach. 906-2006 . Volkach 2006. pp. 142-145.
Other literature used
- Hans Bauer: District of Kitzingen. An art and culture guide . Market wide 1993.
- Hans Bauer: stone crosses and cross stones . In: District Administrator and District Council of the District of Kitzingen (Hrsg.): District of Kitzingen . Münsterschwarzach 1984. pp. 219-221.
- Hans Bauer, Friedrich Grosch, Karl Schneider: wayside shrines, stone crosses and other small monuments in the Kitzingen district. Part 2 . Mainbernheim 1979.
- Josef Dünninger, Karl Treutwein: wayside shrines in Franconia . Constance 1960.
- Gerhard Egert: The honorary citizens of the city of Volkach . In: Ute Feuerbach (Ed.): Our Main Loop. 1993-2007 . Volkach 2008. pp. 52-58.
- Gerhard Egert: The place names as a historical settlement source. Situation structure and interpretation . In: Ute Feuerbach (Ed.): Volkach. 906-2006 . Volkach 2006. pp. 11-16.
- Gerhard Egert: The political spatial planning in the area of the Volkacher Mainschleife around 1814 . In: Ute Feuerbach (Ed.): Our Main Loop. 1978-1992 . Volkach 2008. pp. 267-270.
- Gerhard Egert: On the history of fruit growing on the Mainschleife 1700–1900 . In: Ute Feuerbach (Ed.): Our Main Loop. 1978-1992 . Volkach 2008. pp. 47-58.
- Ute Feuerbach, Christa Volk: Volkach and its districts . Erfurt 2011.
- Monika Fritz-Scheuplein, Almut König, Sabine Krämer-Neubert, Norbert Richard Wolf: Dreidörfer fools stand on three rafters. Ortnecknames in Lower Franconia . Würzburg 2012.
- Johann Ludwig Klarmann, Karl Spiegel: Legends and sketches from the Steigerwald. Reprint of the 1912 edition . Neustadt an der Aisch 1982.
- Hans-Eckhard Lindemann: Historic town centers in Main Franconia. Story structure development . Munich 1989.
- Herbert Meyer: The Volkachbach - from the source to the mouth . In: Ute Feuerbach (Ed.): Our Main Loop. 1978-1992 . Volkach 2008. pp. 340-342.
- Corinna Petzold: The development of tourism in the Kitzingen district . In: Under the spell of the Schwanberg. Yearbook for the district of Kitzingen 2012 . Dettelbach 2012. pp. 265-280.
- Franz Pfrang: The history of viticulture on the Main loop . In: Ute Feuerbach (Ed.): Our Main Loop. 1978-1992 . Volkach 2008. pp. 23-28.
- Karl Schneider: The breweries on the Mainschleife. Your present and past . Dettelbach 2003.
- Kitzinger Land (ed.): Kitzinger Gartenland. Discover garden culture . Kitzingen 2011.
- Christian Pescheck: The Vogelsburg in the Volkacher Mainschleife . In: Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum Mainz (ed.): Guide to prehistoric and early historical monuments, Vol. 27. Würzburg, Karlstadt, Iphofen, Schweinfurt . Mainz 1975. pp. 272-275.
- Georg Wolfgang Schramm: The Main Loop and its Railway. A contribution to the traffic and economic history of the Volkacher Mainschleife . Volkach 2008.
- Erika Stadler: Winegrowing traditions on the Mainschleife - then and now . In: Ute Feuerbach (Ed.): Our Main Loop. 1978-1992 . Volkach 2008. pp. 134-145.
- Michael Steinbacher: Slavic traces along the Volkacher Mainschleife . In: Yearbook for the district of Kitzingen 2017. Under the spell of the Schwanberg . Dettelbach 2017. pp. 303–323.
- Karl Treutwein : From Abtswind to Zeilitzheim. History, sights, traditions . Volkach 4 1987.
- Hugo Walter: The breakthrough Volkach - Gerlachshausen . In: Ute Feuerbach (Ed.): Our Main Loop. 1993-2007 . Volkach 2008. pp. 231-244.
- Georg Wehner: Baroque gardens in our homeland: Gaibach, Werneck, Wiesentheid, Volkach and Fahr . In: Ute Feuerbach (ed.): Our Main Loop 1993-2007 . Volkach 2008. pp. 37-40.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Bavarian State Office for Statistics and Data Processing (Ed.): Official local directory for Bavaria, territorial status: May 25, 1987 . Issue 450 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich November 1991, DNB 94240937X , p. 366 ( digitized version ).
- ↑ a b State Ministry of the Interior: Directory of spa and recreation locations , PDF file, p. 40, accessed on August 18, 2018.
- ↑ Geography Giersbeck: Map 152 Würzburg , PDF file, accessed on January 10 of 2019.
- ↑ Herrmann, Axel: Geological structure and surface forms . P. 33 (map).
- ↑ State Office for the Environment: Volkacher Mainschleife , PDF file, accessed on August 16, 2018.
- ↑ Meyer, Herbert: The Volkachbach . P. 342.
- ^ Egert, Gerhard: City and parish Volkach am Main . Pp. 59-75.
- ↑ See: Schramm, Georg Wolfgang: The Main Loop and its Railway .
- ↑ LZR brochure renaturation: LZR brochure renaturation , PDF file, p. 9, accessed on March 8, 2019.
- ↑ LAMA-Volkach: Ideas competition , accessed on August 18, 2018.
- ↑ a b K. Bayer. Statistical Bureau (Ed.): Localities directory of the Kingdom of Bavaria. According to government districts, administrative districts, ... then with an alphabetical register of locations, including the property and the responsible administrative district for each location. LIV. Issue of the contributions to the statistics of the Kingdom of Bavaria. Munich 1888, Section III, Sp. 1237-1238 ( digitized version ).
- ↑ Schmitt, Günther: Old Volkacher Gardens in and in front of the city . P. 181.
- ^ A b Egert, Gerhard: Volkach: The urban development 1955–1957 . P. 137.
- ^ Egert, Gerhard: The place names as a historical settlement source . P. 15.
- ↑ Bund Naturschutz-Volkach: The nature reserves in the Volkach area , accessed on August 17, 2018.
- ^ Pescheck, Christian: The Vogelsburg in the Volkacher Mainschleife . P. 272 f.
- ^ Egert, Gerhard: City and parish Volkach am Main . Pp. 11-17.
- ↑ Feuerbach, Ute: 1100 years of documented history of Volkach . P. 352 f.
- ↑ Egert, Gerhard: From the villa (village) to the civitas (city) Volkach . P. 8.
- ↑ See: Egert, Gerhard: The Volkacher Markets .
- ↑ Scherzer, Walter: Volkach and the Castell house . P. 29.
- ↑ Egert, Gerhard: A Volkacher blood court trial in 1582 . P. 61.
- ^ A b cf .: Wehner, Georg: City of Volkach and Franconian nobility in the late Middle Ages .
- ↑ Cf. Egert, Gerhard: Hereditary homage “to the city of Volkach” . Pp. 35-38.
- ↑ See: Egert, Gerhard: Die Schweden in Volkach, 1631–1634 .
- ^ Egert, Gerhard: Great fires in Volkach in the 19th century . P. 157.
- ^ Egert, Gerhard: The political spatial planning in the area of the Volkacher Mainschleife around 1814 . Pp. 267-270.
- ^ Schramm, Georg Wolfgang: The Main loop and its railway . Pp. 12-22.
- ↑ Meyer, Herbert: Volkach after the last war . P. 130 f.
- ^ Walter, Hugo: The cut Volkach - Gerlachshausen . Pp. 242-244.
- ^ Egert, Gerhard: The place names as a historical settlement source . P. 11 f.
- ↑ Feuerbach, Ute: 1100 years of documented history of Volkach . P. 353.
- ↑ Steinbacher, Michael: Slavic traces along the Volkacher Mainschleife . P. 309 f.
- ^ Fritz-Scheuplein, Monika: Ortsnecknames in Lower Franconia . P. 63 and 23.
- ↑ Entry on the coat of arms of the city of Volkach in the database of the House of Bavarian History , accessed on August 27, 2018 .
- ↑ Feuerbach, Ute: The bishop as city and sovereign . P. 34.
- ^ Egert, Gerhard: The residents of the city of Volkach in 1574 . P. 42.
- ↑ Kgl. Statistisches Bureau (Ed.): Directory of the municipalities of the Kingdom of Bavaria according to the status of the population in December 1867 . XXI. Issue of the contributions to the statistics of the Kingdom of Bavaria. Ackermann, Munich 1869, p. 203 ( digitized version ).
- ↑ Bavarian State Statistical Office (Hrsg.): Historical municipality register: The population of the municipalities of Bavaria in the period from 1840 to 1952 (= contributions to Statistics Bavaria . Issue 192). Munich 1954, DNB 451478568 , p. 199 , urn : nbn: de: bvb: 12-bsb00066439-3 ( digitized ).
- ^ Egert, Gerhard: The Swedes in Volkach, 1631–1634 . P. 217.
- ↑ Kgl. Statistical Bureau (ed.): Complete list of localities of the Kingdom of Bavaria. According to districts, administrative districts, court districts and municipalities, including parish, school and post office affiliation ... with an alphabetical general register containing the population according to the results of the census of December 1, 1875 . Adolf Ackermann, Munich 1877, 2nd section (population figures from 1871, cattle figures from 1873), Sp. 1301–1302 , urn : nbn: de: bvb: 12-bsb00052489-4 ( digitized version ).
- ↑ Bavarian State Statistical Office (ed.): Official place directory for Bavaria - edited on the basis of the census of September 13, 1950 . Issue 169 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich 1952, DNB 453660975 , Section II, Sp. 1187-1188 ( digitized version ).
- ^ Egert, Gerhard: On the statistics of the city of Volkach in 1698 . P. 298.
- ↑ Bavarian State Statistical Office (ed.): Official city directory for Bavaria, territorial status on October 1, 1964 with statistical information from the 1961 census . Issue 260 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich 1964, DNB 453660959 , Section II, Sp. 869-870 ( digitized version ).
- ^ Egert, Gerhard: The political spatial planning in the area of the Volkacher Mainschleife around 1814 . P. 269.
- ↑ K. Bayer. Statistical Bureau (Ed.): Directory of localities of the Kingdom of Bavaria, with alphabetical register of places . LXV. Issue of the contributions to the statistics of the Kingdom of Bavaria. Munich 1904, Section II, Sp. 1319-1320 ( digitized version ).
- ^ Bavarian State Statistical Office (ed.): Official place directory for Bavaria . Issue 335 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich 1973, DNB 740801384 , p. 189 ( digitized version ).
- ↑ Bavarian State Statistical Office (Hrsg.): Historical municipality register: The population of the municipalities of Bavaria in the period from 1840 to 1952 (= contributions to Statistics Bavaria . Issue 192). Munich 1954, DNB 451478568 , p. 214 , urn : nbn: de: bvb: 12-bsb00066439-3 ( digitized version ).
- ↑ Bavarian State Statistical Office (ed.): Localities directory for the Free State of Bavaria according to the census of June 16, 1925 and the territorial status of January 1, 1928 . Issue 109 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich 1928, Section II, Sp. 1355-1356 ( digitized version ).
- ↑ See: Lindemann, Hans-Eckhard: Historische Ortskerne in Mainfranken . P. 43 f.
- ^ Muth, Hanswernfried: pilgrimage church of St. Maria in the vineyard, parish church of St. Bartholomew Volkach . Pp. 3-17.
- ^ Muth, Hanswernfried: pilgrimage church of St. Maria in the vineyard, parish church of St. Bartholomew Volkach . Pp. 18-26.
- ^ Muth, Hanswernfried: pilgrimage church of St. Maria in the vineyard, parish church of St. Bartholomew Volkach . P. 26.
- ^ Lindemann, Hans-Eckhard: Historic town centers in Mainfranken . P. 43.
- ^ Egert, Gerhard: City and parish Volkach am Main . Pp. 63-66.
- ↑ Maier, Markus Josef: The shelf house in Volkach . Pp. 29-40.
- ↑ See: Schmitt, Günther: House chronicle of the city of Volkach as a mirror of the bourgeoisie .
- ↑ Dünninger, Josef: wayside shrines in Franconia . Pp. 19-29.
- ^ Bauer, Hans (among others): wayside shrines and stone crosses . Pp. 130-159.
- ^ Bauer, Hans: Stone crosses and cross stones . P. 221.
- ↑ Schmitt, Günther: House chronicle of the city of Volkach as a mirror of the bourgeoisie . Pp. 275-280.
- ↑ See: Feuerbach, Ute: Das Volkacher Salbuch . Pp. 1-4.
- ↑ Müller, Jutta: 125 years of St. Maria monastery in Volkach . P. 233 f.
- ↑ Volkach-Bahn: Homepage , accessed on August 18, 2018.
- ↑ Feuerbach, Ute: The baroque barn - facts and fictions about a converted monument . P. 303.
- ^ Museum-Barockscheune: Homepage , accessed on October 22, 2018.
- ^ Egert, Gerhard: City and parish Volkach am Main . P. 4.
- ↑ Fitness trail: Vita-parcours-Erlachhof , accessed on August 25, 2018.
- ↑ Schmitt, Günther: Old Volkacher Gardens in and in front of the city . P. 177 f.
- ↑ Kitzinger Land (Ed.): Discover Kitzinger Gartenland . P. 24 f.
- ↑ Wehner, Georg: Baroque gardens in our home . P. 39.
- ↑ BR 24: Protests against the closure of the Volkach outdoor pool , accessed on May 21, 2019.
- ^ Swimming pool Volkach: News , accessed on August 25, 2018.
- ^ Karl Treutwein: From Abtswind to Zeilitzheim. P. 259 f.
- ↑ Klarmann, Johann Ludwig (among others): Legends and sketches from the Steigerwald . Pp. 198-202.
- ↑ Klarmann, Johann Ludwig (among others): Legends and sketches from the Steigerwald . P. 197.
- ↑ Klarmann, Johann Ludwig (among others): Legends and sketches from the Steigerwald . P. 198.
- ↑ Feuerbach, Ute: The wine . Pp. 281-284.
- ^ Pfrang, Franz: The history of viticulture on the Main loop . P. 27.
- ↑ a b Feuerbach, Ute: The wine . P. 293.
- ^ Pfrang, Franz: History of viticulture on the Main loop . P. 28.
- ↑ Egert, Gerhard: To the history of Volkacher tourism . P. 30.
- ↑ Egert, Gerhard: From the history of Volkacher tourism . P. 35.
- ^ Petzold, Corinna: The development of tourism in the district of Kitzingen . P. 266.
- ↑ Die Gastlichen Fünf: Overview , accessed on September 7, 2018.
- ↑ Egert, Gerhard: On the history of fruit growing on the Main loop . P. 55 f.
- ↑ Egert, Gerhard: On the history of fruit growing on the Main loop . P.56.
- ↑ Leimböck, Friedrich: The wholesale market Volkach . P. 360.
- ↑ Gewerbeverband-Volkach: Retail situation 2013 , PDF file, from p. 82, accessed on September 28, 2018.
- ^ Schramm, Georg Wolfgang: The Main loop and its railway . Pp. 344-348.
- ^ Schramm, Georg Wolfgang: The Main loop and its railway . Pp. 329-333.
- ↑ Radio-Gong: Volkach: Umgehungsstrasse is off the table , accessed on October 23, 2018.
- ↑ Volkach: Mainschleifen-Freizeitlinien , accessed on October 23, 2018.
- ^ Citizen bus Volkach: Timetable , accessed on October 23, 2018.
- ^ Walther, Hugo: The cut Volkach - Gerlachshausen . P. 243 f.
- ↑ Mainschifffahrt: Das Schiff , accessed on October 23, 2018.
- ↑ Main-Post: Volkach and the river cruise: Questions and answers on the ship , accessed on October 23, 2018.
- ↑ Fränkischer Marienweg: Homepage , accessed on October 24, 2018.
- ↑ Main Cycle Path: Map , accessed on October 24, 2018.
- ↑ Feuerbach, Ute: Education and School . P. 158.
- ↑ Feuerbach, Ute: Education and School . P. 162.
- ↑ Meyer, Helmut: Fire protection, rescue and disaster control . P. 391.
- ^ Voluntary fire brigade Volkach: Vehicles , accessed on November 6, 2018.
- ↑ Readiness Volkach: About Us , accessed on November 6, 2018.
- ^ Wasserwacht-Volkach: homepage , accessed on November 6, 2018.
- ↑ VfL-Volkach: The Association: History , accessed on November 8, 2018.
- ↑ HSG-Volkach: Homepage , accessed on November 8, 2018.
- ↑ See: Meyer, Herbert: From the district hospital to the Helios clinic .
- ↑ See: Egert, Gerhard (among others): Eugen Schön. Pastor of Volkach .
Astheim | Dimbach | Eichfeld | Elgersheim | Escherndorf | Drive | Gaibach | Hallburg | Koehler | Krautheim | Obervolkach | Öttershausen | Rimbach | Stettenmühle | Strehlhof | Vogelsburg | Volkach | Wenceslas Mill | Ziegelhütte (Krautheim)
Former districts : Herrenmühle | Kirchberg | Schaubmühle | Ziegelhütte (Escherndorf)