Latin School (Volkach)
The former Latin school in Volkach in Lower Franconia existed from the 15th century to 1847. The school had been established as a secondary educational institution and enabled male graduates to study at university. The school building is right next to the parish church of St. Bartholomew in Kirchgasse.
history
During the late Middle Ages , so-called Latin schools were also established in the smaller rural towns in order to increase the literacy of the urban population. At first only church dignitaries and the employees of chancelleries were able to write, now the wine merchants and some craftsmen also learned the basics of the written language. However, the literate part of the population continued to be a minority.
A school was first recorded in Volkach in 1447. It was founded on the initiative of the church and was closely related to the parish church. This is also evidenced by the proximity to the Bartholomäus Church. In Volkacher Salbuch a teacher of Latin school was named for the first time. Johann Erck had to swear an oath to the mayor and be obedient to the pastor. He taught the catechism , reading and writing, as well as Latin and mathematics in a second level.
The Latin school soon established itself alongside the German school in the town hall. However, it was dependent on its sponsors: the parents had to pay school fees, the city was responsible for paying the teachers. Depending on the economic situation, more or less male students attended the institute; there was no compulsory education . The winter school was often better attended than the summer school because many students had to help their parents in the fields.
After the Thirty Years' War and the large amount of destruction caused by the conflict in the city, the initiative to rebuild came primarily from the graduates of the Latin school. They became city councilors and cantors and had a decisive influence on social life. In the 17th century, the practice of employing a so-called school rector as a Latin teacher established itself . This gave the school a further boost.
The students usually attended Latin school for four years and were then able to study. However, this was only noticed in very few cases, so in 1791 only three out of 18 graduates began studying . At the same time, the first attempts to standardize teaching began in the Würzburg Monastery , to whose territory Volkach belonged. From 1770 the future schoolmasters had to attend the school teachers' seminar in Würzburg , in 1774 attempts were made to introduce compulsory schooling.
The Latin school was able to continue into the 19th century, also because the city repeatedly promoted it as a municipal institution. Private foundations also supported teaching. With the transition to the Kingdom of Bavaria , the state encroachments on the educational institution increased further, so that in 1833 they were forced to hold classes in the town hall . With the death of the last rector Lorenz Wappes on February 20, 1847, the history of the Volkach Latin School ended.
description
The former Latin school is now managed by the Bavarian State Office for the Preservation of Monuments as an architectural monument . At the same time, underground remains are classified as ground monuments. The house is part of the Volkach Old Town ensemble. The building presents itself as a two-storey saddle roof construction . It was built on the eaves and is equipped with a half-timbered upper floor. The building probably dates from the 16th or 17th century.
Well-known graduates
The Latin school attended a total of more than 300 students, 297 of whom came from the city of Volkach itself. After graduating, the graduates of the four-year school primarily aimed to work in the church and administration, many were drawn to today's Austria and the surrounding monasteries . In particular, the Volkach families of Schelf, Balbus, Breunig, Mahlmeister and Jäcklein sent many of their male descendants to school.
| List of school principals in Volkach (selection) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Surname | Term of office | ||||||
| Georg Thaddäus Kampensis | 1748-1787 | ||||||
| Georg Ditzel | 1787-1809 | ||||||
| Lorenz Wappes | 1810-1847 | ||||||
- Andreas Presson (* 1637, graduate before 1648, † 1701), translator, poet and lawyer in Bamberg
- Konrad Brandt (graduate 1658), district administrator in Marktbreit
- Sebastian Balbus (graduate 1702), City Secretary in Vienna
- Joseph Lamprecht (graduate 1715, † 1727), Subregens in the spiritual seminary for the Good Shepherd in Würzburg
- Valentin Breunig (graduate 1717), Zentgraf in Karlstadt
- Johann Albert Balbus (* 1702, graduate 1719, † 1766), as Christophorus Abbot of the Benedictine monastery Münsterschwarzach
- Johann Wilderich Balbus (* 1704, graduate 1721, † 1794), as Ambrosius abbot of the Cistercian monastery Bronnbach
- Benedikt Weibrecht (graduate 1743), imperial-royal general
- Andreas Schellhorn (* 1761, graduate before 1774, † 1845), poet, linguist and politician
- Philipp Ignaz Kast (graduate 1774, † 1813), official cellar in Markt Bibart , district judge in Würzburg, royal Bavarian district judge in Volkach
- Joseph Anton Mahlmeister (graduate 1758), official cellar in Kissingen
- Adam Josef Ludwig Thaddäus Mahlmeister (* 1748, graduate 1763, † 1821), as Benedict II. Abbot of the Benedictine monastery Theres
- Ignaz Meisner (graduate 1788, † 1843), royal Bavarian district judge in Euerdorf
- Theodor Kast (graduate 1804), Imperial-Royal Legation Councilor
literature
- Ute Feuerbach: Education and School . In: Ute Feuerbach (Ed.): Volkach. 906-2006 . Volkach 2006. pp. 155-162.
- Ute Feuerbach: The Latin School and its graduates . In: Ute Feuerbach (Ed.): Volkach. 906-2006 . Volkach 2006. pp. 163-166.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Feuerbach, Ute: Education and School . P. 156.
- ↑ Feuerbach, Ute: The Latin School and its graduates . P. 163.
- ↑ Feuerbach, Ute: Education and School . P. 158.
- ↑ See: Feuerbach, Ute: The Latin School and its Graduates .
Coordinates: 49 ° 51 ′ 55 " N , 10 ° 13 ′ 32.8" E