Volkacher Salbuch

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A miniature of the Volkacher Salbuch shows the author, town clerk Niklas Brobst von Effelt, taking his oath of office in front of the Magister Civium in 1504.

The Volkacher “Salbuch” (“Court Book” or “Illustrated Code of Criminal Procedure”) is a legal codification from 1504, which records the city rights of the Franconian Volkach in Lower Franconia in rare detail and illustrates it with miniatures. Today it is exhibited in the Museum Barockscheune Volkach and is one of Bavaria's 100 local treasures .

Origin and history

Folio sheet "The shepherd taking the oath of office" (1504)
Folio "The Interrogation" (1504)

Volkach in Franconia , on the Mainschleife , received city rights as a Franconian civitas and as the main town of the Volkfeldgau before 1258 (first documented mention as a city in 1258), and in 1432 blood jurisdiction. The city received market rights until 1451, and in 1484 council regulations. The Salbuch represents this grown, legal coexistence and togetherness. When the Salbuch was created, the city had around 1000 to 1200 inhabitants.

The author and draftsman of the tome was the town clerk Niklas Brobst von Effelt , who also portrays himself in a self-portrait in the gown. The Volkacher Salbuch is a mighty tome, about 20 by 26 cm in size. With a thickness of 11 cm, the book is 1050 pages thick and weighs 4.75 kilograms. The tome is illustrated with 128 colored miniatures, created around 1500 and essentially contains the Franconian town charter valid in 1504 in Volkach. The Salbuch has been kept in the Volkach City Archives for 500 years (Museum Barockscheune Volkach). There is also a virtual edition of the Salbuch to leaf through on the Internet.

content

The Salbuch contains mainly legal records from the 15th century, including the awarding of the blood court in 1432, the schoolmaster and church service regulations from 1468, the city regulations 1484, a neck court order 1504, regulations on oaths, customs, market rights and more.

Most of the illustrations with 90 colored miniatures are attached to the latter. In the section on the jury regulation, 24 drawings show all stages of a process up to execution.

There will be people in different functions with clothes and habitus in the appropriate environment from different social classes, mainly from the Volkach leadership class. Men and women are represented.

The following areas of the city from 1504 are shown in detail:

  • Council, mayor, aldermen
  • Municipal offices, schoolmasters, offices in the financial sector, customs officers
  • Municipal servants, guards, bailiffs; in front of the city: shepherds, field guard Ä.
  • Wine trade, pubs, brothels
  • Eicher, knives, fairs, weekly markets and church fairs
  • Equipment, materials, food, animals, crafts
  • Tax, civil rights, military constitution, poor welfare
  • religion

The Volkacher Salbuch Online is structured as follows:

  • In front of the city
  • In the city
  • With the mayor
  • In court
  • On the market
  • At work
  • Saints

meaning

In the Volkacher Salbuch, the Franconian community of the late Middle Ages and the earliest modern times is presented in a unique way in words and pictures. A community, caught in the constraints of the medieval system of order and regulated by numerous offices, social institutions and elaborate regulations, becomes recognizable. The sage book allows an unusually intensive insight into everyday life. Especially with his 128 miniatures, Niklas Brobst provides detailed insights into the everyday life of a smaller imperial city in the late Middle Ages and the early modern period. The Volkacher Salbuch is of paramount importance as a material and image source.

literature

  • Karl-S. Kramer: Franconian everyday life around 1500. Oath of the market and customs in the Volkacher Salbuch , Würzburg 1985 ISBN 3-429-00903-0
  • Mario Heinrich: On the Volkach town charter at the end of the late Middle Ages and at the beginning of the modern age with special consideration of the Salbuch , Jur. Diss. Würzburg 1980

Web links

Commons : Volkacher Salbuch  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Franziska Prinz: The use of images in printed legal books from the 15th to the end of the 18th century , Jur.Diss. Bonn 1995 p. 1, note 2
  2. ^ Klaus F. Röhl : Pictures in historical legal books. Building blocks for the project "Visual Legal Communication" online (PDF; 2.3 MB)
  3. ↑ Kramer p. 9ff
  4. ↑ Kramer: Everyday Life, p. 7f
  5. ^ Signature 151
  6. ↑ The Salbuch Volkach online
  7. ↑ Kramer p. 5
  8. ↑ Salbuch online main menu
  9. ↑ Kramer: Everyday Life P. 7ff.