Kirchberg (Volkach)

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Maria in the vineyard on the Kirchberg

The Kirchberg is an elevation on the edge of the Volkach old town in the Lower Franconian district of Kitzingen . The mountain gained historical importance as the seat of the original parish church, which stretched over large parts of the Main loop . In the 19th century, the Kirchberg was at times an independent district of the city of Volkach .

Geographical location

The mountain has a height of 230  m above sea level. NHN on. It is located relatively centrally in today's Volkacher municipality. To the north, the Eschbachgraben flows past the elevation, and Gaibach rises even further north. State road St2271 runs to the west. To the south-west, part of the new Volkach development area "Am Sambühl" adjoins the mountain. The core city can be found further to the southwest. The Main flows to the south , while Fahr can be found further to the east . The mountain is planted with vines from the Volkacher Ratsherr site . The Franconian Marienweg runs over the Kirchberg .

history

Original parish church and mountain

The Kirchberg was first mentioned in 1245 as "(...) monte kyrhberc prope volka" (Latin mountain Kirchberg near Volkach). Initially, the original parish church was set up here for the communities in the area. It was not until the beginning of the 14th century that the church was moved to the city of Volkach and the church was converted into a pilgrimage church . In 1376 the field name "am Kyrchberge" appeared, in 1422 the mountain was called "Kirchberge". In 1971, the largest vineyard site in the Franconian wine-growing region was named Volkacher Kirchberg .

Beginenklause

List of female champions (selection)
Master Mentioned
Katharina Vogtin of Dettelbach 1393, 1405
Anna Vogtin of Dettelbach 1400, 1412
Katharina Seheimerin 1415

After the number of pilgrims who wanted to visit the Mother of God on the Kirchberg increased steadily, a Beginenklause was set up here . The beguines came from the inclusory of St. John the Baptist in Großbirkach and reached the city of Volkach in 1340. In the Diocese of Würzburg , the Beguines were not persecuted, unlike in other parts of the Holy Roman Empire. The "Junckfrawen" are mentioned for the first time on the Kirchberg in 1361. In 1366 they are called "inheritance of spiritual Junckfrawen vff dem Kirchberge". They lived here in a hermitage and were subordinate to a master. In the year 1400, next to the master Anna Vogtin von Dettelbach, the virgins Else, Gred von Dettelbach and Katharina Seheimerin are mentioned. The buildings on the mountain probably offered a maximum of ten women.

The hermitage was located outside of today's Kirchberg walling on the southeast corner of the Kirchberg and consisted of a residential and a wine press house . In addition to the women, a servant also lived on the mountain. The beguines were supported by the local aristocratic families such as the Zollner von der Hallburg . They looked after the mountain church, promoted the upbringing of children and attended funerals as "sea nuns". They were also active in nursing. The Beguines were also part of the so-called Marian Brotherhood on the Mountain. Even before the prince-bishops of Würzburg, they are mentioned in a list of good perpetrators from the 15th century as "Aller Junckfrauen vnd frawenn [...] hie uf dem kirchberge [...]". At this point, however, the hermitage had been open for some time. In 1422 the last “Puellula” living here was banished to Hohenfeld .

Bishop Johann II von Brunn justified the closure of the hermitage on July 7th with the heretical behavior of the Beguines. They did not live according to an approved rule, but were subordinate to a master. Another reason for the dissolution of the Beguinage were the offerings that the Beguines received. The representatives of the Volkach parish church wanted to secure these donations for the church in the city.

District

In 1875 the Kirchberg was first designated as an independent district of the city of Volkach. He belonged to the Catholic parish of St. Bartholomew in Volkach. He was also assigned to the school district and the Volkach post office. In 1875 the Kirchberg consisted of a total of four buildings. In 1888 only two residential buildings were recorded in the area of ​​the district. This year the district was also designated as independent for the last time.

year Residents year Residents
1875 6th 1888 5

Attractions

The remains of the Ölberggruppe in the inner courtyard of the church complex

The center of the Kirchberg is the Maria im Weingarten church . The oldest elements of the church date from the 13th and 14th centuries. The nave of the church was rebuilt by 1447, the beginning of the pilgrimage to a Pietà from the 14th century was the reason for the new building. After the Thirty Years' War, the Franciscans looked after the pilgrims, but the pilgrimage to Maria im Sand in Dettelbach had caused the number of pilgrims to drop sharply.

In addition to some epitaphs from aristocrats and citizens from the Volkach area, the furnishings of the church are shaped by a Madonna by Tilman Riemenschneider . It was created between 1521 and 1524 and was responsible for founding a rosary fraternity. In 1962, the carving was stolen from the church and could only be returned after the news magazine Der Stern had called it up.

The entire complex is protected by a wall that surrounds the former cemetery. Here are the remains of a stone group of Mounts of Olives that used to be attached to the church building. It dates from the 16th century. In the west and south of the complex there are buildings from 1732. A round arched portal allows entry behind the wall. A baroque statue of St. John Nepomuk sits enthroned above the portal .

The Sanctuary used to lead from the city a crossroads ; Three stations from 1521 are still preserved from this older Way of the Cross. Meanwhile, a shorter, younger way of the cross with portraits of stations from the 19th century leads from the parking lot to the church. A statue of the Mater Dolorosa is located between the stations. The path leads through the middle of the vineyard and turns into an educational wine trail.

literature

  • Gerhard Egert: The pilgrimage church of St. Maria zu Volkach, 1300–1400 . In: The Mainfränkisches Jahrbuch für Geschichte und Kunst 37 . Volkach 1985. pp. 65-79
  • Erika Stadler: The Beguines on the Kirchberg in Volkach . In: Ute Feuerbach (Ed.): Volkach. 906-2006 . Volkach 2006. pp. 242-246

Web links

Commons : Kirchberg (Volkach)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Egert, Gerhard: The pilgrimage church of St. Maria zu Volkach, 1300–1400 . P. 65.
  2. ^ Egert, Gerhard: The pilgrimage church of St. Maria zu Volkach, 1300–1400 . P. 68.
  3. ^ Egert, Gerhard: The pilgrimage church of St. Maria zu Volkach, 1300–1400 . P. 70.
  4. ↑ Complete list of localities of the Kingdom of Bavaria . Digitalisat Sp. 1301, 1302 , accessed on November 21, 2016.
  5. ^ Rasp, Karl von: Localities directory of the Kingdom of Bavaria . Munich 1888. Digitalisat Sp. 1237, 1238 , accessed on November 21, 2016.

Coordinates: 49 ° 52 ′ 28.2 "  N , 10 ° 12 ′ 52.5"  E