Schelfenhaus (Volkach)
The Schelfenhaus is a listed, baroque building in Volkach . It stands in the alley named after him, in the middle of the old town of the small town in Lower Franconia .
location
The Schelfenhaus is located in the old town on the east side of the main street running in north-south direction. As a relatively central point in the medieval Volkach city area, it stands in a side street and is relatively far away from representative buildings such as the town hall or the church . There are manors belonging to the rich wine merchants in the vicinity.
The quarter is bordered by Weinstrasse to the north, Schelfengasse to the south, Hauptstrasse to the west and Kreuzgasse to the east. The name Schelfengasse probably caught on relatively early due to the impressive building; it is already listed in the cadastre from 1833 as "Schelfer-Gasse". What the street was called before is unclear.
history
Construction and expansion (1719–1745)
Until the 18th century, the place where the shelf house is located was otherwise built on. This is evidenced by parts of the masonry of today's palace. Some of the existing elements were taken over and incorporated into the new building. The basement of the house in particular included many parts of the previous building. The thesis of the shelf house as the successor building is underpinned by the warped floor plan of the building.
The construction of the shelf house began around 1719. The client was the richest citizen of the rural town of Volkach, Johann Georg Adam Schelf. He belonged to the middle-class Schelf family of Italian origin, first recorded in Lower Franconia in the 17th century , and lived from April 20, 1688 to September 19, 1745. After studying in Würzburg , Schelf took on representative tasks in the city and was there from 1741 to his Death of the Lord Mayor. Professionally he worked as a wine merchant .
On January 7th, 1721 the house was "completely rebuilt" and Schelf asked the Volkach town council for tax relief, which he also received. The so-called main building with the street facade still visible today and the western baby wing were created in this first construction phase . At that time, the property did not include the front garden and the northern and eastern extensions. Nothing precise is known about the architect, but the influences of the Würzburg city and country architect Joseph Greissing are clearly visible.
Another extension was built in the north of the palace around 1730. At the same time, another wing was added to the east of the main building, called the "barn building", the basement of which was used as a storage location for agricultural equipment. This building filled an area in the urban development. This second construction phase resulted in an inner courtyard that was visually unified.
Private use (1745–1950)
After the death of the builder Johann Georg Adam Schelf in 1745, the house passed to his wife Anna Regina. Since there were no male descendants, Anna Regina, née Balbus, planned to sell the house to the Banz monastery or to lend it indefinitely. The intervention of the son-in-law, the Würzburg official cellar Eugen Kast, who had married the daughter Anna Maria Schelf, prevented the sale of the town house.
After Anna Maria Kast died at the end of the 18th century, a community of heirs took over the city palace. The wine merchant Johann Zacharias Seubert received the shelter house from her in 1799. In 1820 he is proven to be the owner of the house. After his death, his widow took over the building. She bequeathed it to her grandson Anton Burkhard Jäcklein, who died in 1864.
The next owner was his daughter Margareta, who had married the master rope maker Franz Erbig in 1863. After the early death of his wife, Erbig remarried and in 1879 had the first renovations carried out on the Schelfenhaus. Repairs to the building took place in 1903. When Franz Erbig died in 1917, his son from his first marriage, Johann, inherited the town house and lived there for the next few years.
House of the Guest (1950-present)
With the death of Johann Erbig in 1950, the house became the property of the city of Volkach. As a thank you, a street was named after the founder Johann-Erbig-Straße. The house was remodeled in the 1950s. Two rooms on the ground floor were combined so that the shelf house could be used for representative purposes. This was followed by a longer planning phase by the city officials.
In 1975 the first plans were published to make the house usable for the public. The eastern barn was to be torn down and replaced by a new building, the future city library . The plans were suspended until 1979, before the demolition of the east wing was carried out in March 1980. A year later, in 1981, the renovation and with it the third construction phase was completed.
By 1992 the building was converted into the “Haus des Gastes” of the city of Volkach . The upper floor is now used for representative purposes and is used for wine tastings, receptions and art exhibitions. The basement is the office of the German Academy for Children's and Youth Literature , while the city library is located in the adjoining building.
The Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation lists the Schelfenhaus as a monument with the number D-6-75-174-102. The house is an important element of the Volkach Old Town ensemble. The underground remains of the previous development are listed under the number D-6-6127-0090 as a ground monument.
architecture
ensemble
The property of the shelf house has the shape of a trimmed and considerably warped, square-tending rectangle . On average, it has an edge length of 31.5 by 25 meters. The house is surrounded on three sides by other buildings, so that only the southern flank on Schelfengasse is open. The center of the building ensemble is a transverse rectangular inner courtyard, around which the components of the shelf house are grouped.
The house consists of the two-winged, baroque house in the south and west with the so-called main building on the south side and the attached baby wing in the west. A rectangular extension is attached to the wing in the northeast. The northern outbuilding was built in the second construction phase. The eastern outbuilding was originally designed as a barn and had to give way to today's library in the 20th century.
Main building
The main building has a warped rectangle as a floor plan. The previous development and the compact settlement of the Volkach old town made this form necessary. It is an eaves side house with two storeys. A hipped roof closes it off at the top. The southern facade has eight axes, the north side facing the inner courtyard, due to the sash, only five. Below the building there is a longitudinally vaulted cellar.
Layout
The master builder divided the ground floor of the main building into three parts. Two narrow horizontal stripes in the west and east frame a larger, almost square central section. This middle element is in a longitudinal room on the south side, which was created by merging two smaller rooms in the 20th century and today contains the lecture room, and two smaller, rectangular rooms with vaulted ceilings: this was where the kitchen and pantry were housed.
The eastern room on the ground floor contains the staircase with a two-armed angled staircase and, as a hallway, opens up the southern lecture room, kitchen and pantry. On the west side is the so-called passage, which is formed by the eighth axis of the facade and takes up almost one sixth of the facade area. It leads to the north inner courtyard.
The floor plan of the upper floor corresponds to that of the first floor, where the representative rooms are located. The south side is illuminated by nine windows, the north side has seven windows. There are three interconnected rooms on the street front. In the far east is the so-called picture hall with three window axes. It extends to the inner courtyard and is the only room with windows on the front and back.
The middle is taken up by the “oven room” with four windows. To the west follows the smallest room on the upper floor, the "Professor Rösser Room". The strip-shaped remaining area in the north of the last two rooms is taken up by the corridor. It opens up the rooms on the upper floor and the baby wing and is lit by three windows in the inner courtyard. The shaft for the storage staircase and a small toilet room are located on its narrow western side .
facade
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The facade on Schelfengasse is rectangular in shape. The ratio of length to width is about 2: 1. A slightly protruding, profiled sandstone plinth forms the substructure. This is followed by two levels of plaster wall, which are externally separated from one another by a profiled cornice . The facade is framed by two wide square columns that end in Ionic capitals with acanthus and flowers.
Above the columns, which are interrupted by the cornice, an eaves cornice leads over to the roof as a column top. The most common structural elements of the facade are the risalit-like window axes with cranked walls in the lintel and parapet fields. They are drilled and equipped with a carnation profile . The parapet fields have foliage as a decorative element.
The eastern gate entrance consists of an arcade and a frame field and is made up of two square columns on protruding baffles . There is a double stepped semicircular arch above these columns. The final crown stone is worked as a grimace. The arcade is framed by a rectangular, recessed frame and rests on semi-pilasters.
The spandrels are decorated with leaf and acanthus ornament and are surmounted by a roof-like protruding cornice. Two stone vases delimit this cornice on the left and right. Above the head of the grimace is a statue of Immaculate . Mary stands on the globe with a halo of stars.
The main portal of the house, on the west side of the facade, occupying the second axis, is formed by a high rectangular door opening with a profiled wall. A burst aedicula closes the portal at the top. The portal stretches over the cornices and is framed by two corner pillars on pedestals with coffered shafts that end in small, ionizing capitals.
A fascinating architrave leads to a cube-like frieze piece. There is an expansive cornice above it. These rather small architectural elements are juxtaposed with the mighty S-shaped volutes above the cornices. They are supported by volute consoles and are profiled in cross-section. The opening in the gable creates an open field that is dominated by a gabled pull-out with a barred skylight .
Garland, acanthus and shell ornaments were attached to the portal . Two putti , resting on the volutes, point to the heraldic cartouche that crowns the portal. It contains the alliance coat of arms of the Schelf-Balbus couple. Heraldically on the right is the Schelf coat of arms: Above a lowered bar a growing man with a cap, his right hand is pried, in the raised left an apple with a partially detached peel. The field color is green.
The Balbus coat of arms on the heraldic left side consists of an eagle standing on the top of two lowered rafters. The field color is red. However, other field colors are also known in the literature. A winged head is mounted between the crest cartouches and has a large, golden crown with tips formed by seven flowers.
Baby grand piano
The baby grand piano adjoins the main building in the northwest. It was built at the same time and connects to the main house with its southern gable end. It also has two floors and faces the courtyard on the eaves . A low gable roof closes the wing at the top. The baby wing has closed walls in the north and west, only in the east there are windows.
The wing contains three rooms. The access to the baby wing is under the exit of the main building stairs. Three window axes divide the ground floor, where the office of the house was probably located. The two rooms on the upper floor served as a dressing room or bedroom . The second axis of the rear room is cut out for access to the rectangular extension.
Interior
The inside of the building has rich stucco ceilings . The ceiling paintings are also of art historical value. In particular, the first floor of the house with the picture room, the white room and the Professor Rösser room is magnificent. It shows putti with different birds and decorations. The paintings show scenes from ancient mythology. The tiled stove from 1711 with figures and reliefs is in the oven room.
literature
- Georg Dehio : Handbook of the German art monuments. Bavaria I: Franconia . Munich / Berlin 1999.
- Gerhard Egert: The Volkach patrician family Balbus. A contribution to family research in Franconia. In: Mainfränkisches Jahrbuch für Geschichte und Kunst. Wuerzburg 1988.
- Gerhard Egert: Art exhibition in the Volkacher Schelfenhaus. In: Ute Feuerbach (Ed.): Our Main Loop. 1993-2007 . Volkach 2008.
- Gerhard Egert: City and Parish Volkach am Main (A contribution to the city history of Franconia). Part I: The Urban Territory from the Beginnings to the End of the Old Kingdom in 1803 . Würzburg / Volkach 1964.
- Joachim Kramer: The Shelf House . Volkach undated
- Günther Schmitt: Old wine presses in Volkach. In: Herbert Meyer (Ed.): Our Main Loop. Contributions from the Heimatverein Volkacher Mainschleife eV Volkach 2014.
- Markus Josef Maier: The shelf house in Volkach. Its architecture and its stucco ceilings, a contribution to Franconian baroque research . Volkach 2001.
- Johannes Mack: The builder and architect Joseph Greissing. Main Franconian Baroque before Balthasar Neumann. (Publications of the Society for Franconian History, Series VIII: Sources and Representations on Franconian Art History, Vol. 16). Würzburg 2008, ISBN 978-3-86652-816-1
- Karl Treutwein : From Abtswind to Zeilitzheim. History, sights, traditions . Volkach 1987.
Individual evidence
- ^ Gerhard Egert: City and parish Volkach am Main. P. 66.
- ^ Markus Josef Maier: The shelf house in Volkach. P. 17.
- ↑ There are various information about the construction time in the literature. While Treutwein (p. 258) mentions the years 1719/20, others assume the year 1715. Only Maier (p. 16) dates the construction around the year 1719.
- ^ Gerhard Egert: The Volkach patrician family Balbus. P. 27.
- ↑ Even the older literature, above all Egert ( The Volkach patrician family Balbus. P. 27) is based on Greissing's collaboration in the form of plans.
- ↑ Johannes Mack: The builder and architect Joseph Greissing. Main Franconian Baroque before Balthasar Neumann . In: Publications of the Society for Franconian History, Series VIII: Sources and representations on Franconian art history . tape 16 . Würzburg 2008, ISBN 978-3-86652-816-1 , p. 523-525, 540, 586, 670 .
- ^ Markus Josef Maier: The shelf house in Volkach. P. 17. Maier justifies the date with the style of the stucco of the new ceilings of the outbuilding.
- ^ Günther Schmitt: Old wine presses in Volkach. P. 1.
- ↑ See: Inscription on the side wing.
- ^ Markus Josef Maier: The shelf house in Volkach. P. 18.
- ^ City of Volkach: Schelfenhaus , accessed on June 12, 2014.
- ↑ Geodata: Monument number D-6-75-174-102 ( Memento of the original from July 13, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed June 12, 2014.
- ^ Georg Dehio: Handbook of German Art Monuments. P. 1074.
- ^ Markus Josef Maier: The shelf house in Volkach. P. 19.
- ^ Markus Josef Maier: The shelf house in Volkach. P. 20.
- ↑ Joachim Kramer: The shelf house .
- ^ Markus Josef Maier: The shelf house in Volkach. P. 27.
- ^ Markus Josef Maier: The shelf house in Volkach. P. 25.
- ^ Bernhard Peter: Schelfenhaus Volkach , accessed on June 14, 2014.
- ^ Markus Josef Maier: The shelf house in Volkach. P. 20.
- ^ Markus Josef Maier: The shelf house in Volkach .
Web links
Coordinates: 49 ° 51 '59.4 " N , 10 ° 13' 35.2" E