Clearing name
Clearing name is called in the name of customer of places (toponymy), a toponym that to a clearing applies. They were created in Europe in the several phases of the medieval conquest ( clearing period ).
Basics
Numerous local and field names have land by clearing out and fall into toponymy and onomastics assign time:
List of clearing names
- (Abbreviations: ahd. = Old High German , mhd. = Middle High German , hd. = High German , mnd. = Middle Low German , nd. = Low German , od. = Upper German ):
Post-ancient settlement:
- svetla , Slavic “clearing” or “clearing”: Zwettl
Earliest German language class:
-
clearing , nd., reuten " clearing " (removal of the trees and their roots, see also Reutbergwirtschaft ; from ahd. riodan ), often also with the preceding g (e) - for "the cleared [land]":
- -rath , -rod-, -rohd / t-, rothe- (this od. but also to Rotte ); -roda , -rode - (e.g. Rodern , Roderen ), with -ing on the Harz to -ingerode / -igerode , -roden- ( Rodenkirchen ); Roid, -roith ; Rott ( Ottrott in Alsace, otherwise also to Rotte); Röd / Röt / Rödt (e.g. also Oberroedern in Alsace); Reit , Reitern , Reith , Greut , - greith , -rheid; -reut- / -reuth ( Bayreuth ), Reute, Reutte (but also to Reet "Röhricht", moor settlement ); with Lautwandel -rad (e) -, -raht , -rath; -raut (he); -ray; Ried , -rieth, Riet , Cherith (including to Ried . "Reeds", but here ahd RIOD of riodan "reuten grub"); Geruth , Kruth ; ruid / t; rüti, rhüti (in Switzerland )
- stoc (h) ahd. " tree stump ", refers to stagnation : -stock
- horst, hurst "wood", denotes Niederwaldwirtschaft , also the name of the moor settlement
Names of this layer are to be assigned to the Franconian land acquisition (5th - 7th century) in the west, and the subsequent expansion of the Franconian Empire to Bavaria, and later Austria / South Tyrol ( Baiuwarische landnahme ) and Saxony (each up to around the 9th century)
In the High Middle Ages , a second wave of clearing takes place between the 11th and 13th centuries:
-
blow , mhd. " Fällung ": -schlag ; (but also to turnpike "Territorial border ", " Customs ")
- Grimm gives 1314 as the earliest evidence of this name.
- hauw mhd. "Hauung, Niederwald ": -hau , häu, hai; hewn
- chop , mhd. "blow"
-
swenden , pret. swante , mnd. swande " Schwendbau " (removal of vegetation through regular cutting or curling):
- Schwand / Schwant / Schwandt , -schwand / t / dt , Schwanden / Schwanten / Schwenden ; Gschwand / Gschwant / Gschwandt , Gschwandl ; Schwend , -schwend / t / dt Schwende ; Gschwend / Gschwent / Gschwendt
- in Mittelberg in the Kleinwalsertal, Vorarlberg, there are for example the places Schwand , Schwende , Schwendle
- Slash-and- burn operations can also be dated to this time - but can also relate to later fire incidents:
-
brant , brende mhd. " Brand ":
- Fire , fire, fire; Fire place
- senge , mhd. " slash and burn": -senge (n), -singe (n) , -sang; also: sang "ignition": fire song
It has been attested since the 13th century :
- -green " grassland wrested from the forest": in the Vogt and Egerland such places have been increasing since the 13th century.
Names for forest that was left behind after clearing:
- Schachen , Old High German scahho "wood"
Family names as residence names are also derived from these words in a rich way: z. B. Reuter , Reiter ; Schwendener , Schwentner and numerous similar forms and compositions.
literature
In the compendia:
- Adolf Bach : German naming. Volume II, 1 and 2: The German place names. Heidelberg 1953/54.
- Gerhard Bauer: onomatology of the German. In: German textbook collection. Volume 21, Bern 1985, ISBN 3-261-03205-7 .
- see also literature in place name , field name
Regional:
- Peter Wiesinger: Place names and settlement history in the Salzkammergut. In: Yearbook of the Upper Austrian Museum Association (JOM) 149a, pp. 543-560 ( PDF on ZOBODAT ).
- Franz V. Zillner: Brand, Schwant, Maiß and Reut. Salzburg place and property names, collected from land registers . In: Mitteilungen der Gesellschaft für Salzburger Landeskunde (MGSLK) 18, 1878, pp. 248–258 ( full article , eReader, ANNO online).
Web links
- Digital historical geographic base data in the Federal Office for Metrology and Surveying (BEV) The original folder of the Franziszeischen Cadastre 4. Riednamdatenbank.
Individual evidence
- ^ Konrad Kunze : dtv-Atlas onenology. P. 93 Names of origin according to clearing locations
- ↑ see in particular Grimm: Stock 1) truncus δ) stock and stone
- ^ Entry Schlag V. 1. In: Jacob Grimm, Wilhelm Grimm: German Dictionary . Leipzig 1854–1960 (dwb.uni-trier.de)