Name research

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The name of research , even Namenkunde , Onomatologie or Onomastik (from ancient Greek ὀνομαστική [ἐπιστήμη] onomastiké [episteme] "name science" or ὄνομα ONOMA "Name"), deals with the meaning, origin and dissemination of proper names , including names of persons (subsection Anthroponomics ) and place names (sub-area toponomics ).

Research area

object

Onomastics describes as a discipline of linguistics the origin, structure and development of proper names: first name and surname of persons who continue to place names , water names , place names , names of mountains and mountain ranges ( Oronyme ), as well as names of celestial bodies ( Astronyme ).

Proper names are to be distinguished from generic names (appellatives): proper names refer (ideally) to individual persons (e.g. Angela Merkel) or objects (e.g. to the planet Jupiter), generic names, on the other hand, refer to classes of persons (e.g. B. politician ) or objects (eg. as Planet ). The proper name therefore has no lexical meaning, it only serves as an individual label. Names like the Red Sea are no exception: It doesn't mean one of several red seas, and the so-called Red Sea doesn't actually have to be red (the difference to an ordinary adjective is expressed by the capitalization of red ).

Questions

Proper names have linguistic peculiarities compared to appellatives. For example, a person's name is not preceded by an article in the standard language (“Angela Merkel”), but in everyday language (“Angela Merkel”) or under special conditions (“a completely new Angela Merkel”). The linguistic peculiarities of proper names (e.g. morphology and special spellings) are just as much a part of the research area of ​​onomastics as the reconstruction of their origin ( etymology ).

Furthermore, the onomastics deals with

  • Pragmatics : motivations for naming and aspects of name use (e.g. Dr. Merkel - Angela - the Federal Chancellor )
  • Name sociology: z. B. Influence of social class, ethnicity , religion on naming
  • Name psychology: z. B. Connotations associated with individual names
  • Name geography: z. B. Distribution of family names in the German- speaking area
  • Name textology: use of proper names in certain types of text and contexts

Name research as an interdisciplinary science

Name research (onomastics) is a highly interdisciplinary field of research. The disciplines that deal with proper names include sociology , psychology , pedagogy , philosophy , cultural anthropology , ethnology , history , law and religious studies, as well as biology and genetics .

  • The relationship between name (Greek ónoma ) and thing (Greek pragma ) has been discussed in philosophical discourse since antiquity , with the term term here mostly being broadly defined and including generic names (see also Theoretical Name Research ).
  • From a sociological and sociolinguistic perspective z. B. the prestige of individual first names as well as sociocultural motivations in the allocation of names are examined.
  • In historical science, place names (toponyms) can be used to reconstruct the settlement history of a place.
  • In religious studies, the etymological interpretation of God's names (theonyms) is able to " reveal relationships between the religious ideas of peoples living far apart".
  • Since the assignment of surnames and surnames is subject to legal restrictions and regulations in all countries, these types of names are also relevant from a legal point of view .
  • Family names are of interest for human genetics because, like the Y chromosome, they are passed on through the male line, their origins go back to the Middle Ages and thus conclusions can be drawn about inheritance e.g. B. allow certain physical characteristics. For male bearers of the job name Schmidt vs. Tailors were shown to have significant differences in their physique, and the former were even today attested to have a stronger physique corresponding to the blacksmith's trade.

Demarcation

Onomastics as a scientific discipline must be clearly distinguished from “a pseudoscientific popular literature that in places bizarre blossoms”. Folk etymologies and other "naive approaches to name research" interpret names according to the principle of Nomen est omen ("Tell me your name and I'll tell you who you are") or because of formal similarities with appellants (e.g. misinterpretation of Isenbert as Eisenbart ) . Such attempts at interpretation fail to recognize that the proper name has no lexical meaning.

Furthermore, the name customer is to be distinguished from the genealogy (genealogy), with which it is however occasionally associated.

literature

reference books

→ Surname # literature
→ First name # literature
→ Toponomastics # literature

Onomastics in general

  • Andrea Brendler, Silvio Brendler: Name research tomorrow. Ideas, perspectives, visions. Baar, Hamburg 2005, ISBN 3-935536-30-5 .
  • Andrea Brendler, Silvio Brendler: Types of names and their research. A textbook for the study of onomastics. Baar, Hamburg 2004, ISBN 3-935536-70-4 .
  • Silvio Brendler: Nomematics. Identity-theoretical basics of name research (especially name history, name lexicography, name geography, name statistics and name theory). Baar, Hamburg 2008, ISBN 978-3-935536-54-7 .
  • Ernst Hansack: The name in the language system. Basic problems of language theory. Roderer, Regensburg 2000, ISBN 978-3-89783-201-5 .
  • Hartwig Kalverkämper: Text linguistics of proper names. Klett-Cotta, Stuttgart 1978, ISBN 3-12-910560-3 (also 1976 dissertation at the University of Siegen under the title proper names and context. ).
  • Hartwig Kalverkämper: Proper names in specialist communication: Onomastics of the modern age - a modern onomastics? A critical plea for an interdisciplinary methodology. (= Series of Applied Linguistics from an Interdisciplinary Perspective ) Vol. 8. Kovač, Hamburg 2006, ISBN 978-3-8300-2738-6 .
  • Gerhard Koß: Name research. An introduction to onomastics. 3. Edition. Niemeyer, Tübingen 2002, ISBN 978-3-484-25134-2 .
  • Konrad Kunze : Atlas onomastics , CD-ROM, digital library volume 124, Directmedia Publishing , Berlin 2005, ISBN 3-89853-524-X
  • Arne Ziegler, Erika Windberger-Heidenkummer (ed.): Methods of name research. Methodology, methodology and practice. Academy, Berlin 2011, ISBN 978-3-05-005188-8 .

German language area

  • Adolf Bach : German naming. 3. Edition. Heidelberg 1978/1981.
  • Hans Bahlow : German name dictionary. Family and first names explained according to their origin and meaning. Keyser, Munich 1967; Suhrkamp Tb 65, Frankfurt am Main 1972, ISBN 3-518-06565-3 .
  • Gerhard Bauer; Peter Lang (Ed.): Onomastics of the German. Bern [u. a.] 1985, ISBN 3-261-03205-7 .
  • Friedhelm Debus : onomatology and name history (=  basics of German studies ). Vol. 51. Erich Schmidt Verlag, Berlin 2012, ISBN 978-3-503-13718-3 .
  • Jürgen Eichhoff, Wilfried Seibicke , Michael Wolffsohn , Society for the German Language (Hrsg.): Name and Society. Social and historical aspects of naming and name development. Dudenverlag, 2001, ISBN 3-411-70581-7 .
  • Dieter Geuenich , Ingo Runde (Hrsg.): Name and society in the early Middle Ages. Personal names as indicators of linguistic, ethnic, social and cultural group affiliations of their bearers (= German name research based on linguistic history ). Vol. 2. Olms, Hildesheim [ua] 2006, ISBN 3-487-13106-4 .
  • Dieter Geuenich, Wolfgang Haubrichs , Jörg Jarnut (eds.): Nomen et gens. On the historical significance of early medieval personal names. de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 1997, ISBN 3-11-015809-4 .
  • Max Gottschald : German onomatology. Our family names according to their origin and meaning. Munich 1932; 3rd edition, obtained from Eduard Brodführer, Berlin 1954; Reprint (declared as the 4th edition) ibid 1971.
  • Wilhelm Schmidt: German language studies. A handbook for teachers and students. 10th edition. Berlin 1985, especially chap. X, pp. 265-284.
  • Werner König: dtv atlas on the German language. Boards and texts. No. 3.025, 10th edition, Munich 1994, ISBN 3-423-03025-9 .
  • Konrad Kunze : dtv-Atlas onomastics. First and last names in the German-speaking area. 5th edition. Munich 2004, ISBN 3-423-03234-0 .
  • Jürgen Udolph , Sebastian Fitzek: Professor Udolph's book of names. Bertelsmann, Munich 2005, ISBN 3-570-00879-7 .
  • Robert Nedoma : Personal names in South Germanic runic inscriptions. Winter, Heidelberg 2004, ISBN 3-8253-1646-7 .
  • Damaris Nübling , Fabian Fahlbusch, Rita Heuser: Names. An introduction to onomastics. Narr Francke Attempto Verlag, Tübingen 2012, ISBN 978-3-8233-6685-0 .

International

  • Andrea Brendler, Silvio Brendler: European personal name systems. A handbook from Abasic to Centraladin. Baar, Hamburg 2007, ISBN 978-3-935536-65-3 .
  • Ernst Eichler u. a. (Ed.): Name research. An international handbook on onomastics. / Name Studies. An International Handbook of Onomastics. / Les noms propres. Manuel international d'onomastique. Contributions partly in German, partly in English, partly in French de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 1995, ISBN 3-11-011426-7 .
  • Astrid van Nahl , Lennart Elmevik, Stefan Brink (eds.): Worlds of names . Place and person names in a historical perspective. De Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2004, ISBN 978-3-11-018108-1 .

Web links

Commons : Name Research  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wiktionary: Name research  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations
Wiktionary: Onomastics  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ See Wilhelm F. H. Nicolaisen: Name and Appellative. In: Ernst Eichler, Gerold Hilty , Heinrich Löffler, Hugo Steger, Ladislav Zgusta (eds.): Name research. An international handbook on onomastics, Vol. 1 (= HSK 11.1), pp. 384–393.
  2. ↑ See Damaris Nübling, Fabian Fahlbusch, Rita Heuser: Names. An introduction to onomastics. Tübingen 2012, p. 17.
  3. ^ Damaris Nübling, Fabian Fahlbusch, Rita Heuser: Names. An introduction to onomastics. Tübingen 2012, p. 13.
  4. ↑ Cf. Friedhelm Debus: onenology and name history. An introduction. Berlin 2012, pp. 62–64.
  5. ↑ Cf. Friedhelm Debus: onenology and name history. An introduction. Berlin 2012, pp. 64–76.
  6. ↑ See Damaris Nübling, Fabian Fahlbusch, Rita Heuser: Names. An introduction to onomastics. Tübingen 2012, p. 14.
  7. ↑ See Orrin F. Summerell: Philosophy of Proper Names. In: Ernst Eichler, Gerold Hilty, Heinrich Löffler, Hugo Steger, Ladislav Zgusta (eds.): Name research. An international handbook on onomastics, Vol. 1 (= HSK 11.1), pp. 368–372.
  8. ↑ Cf. Friedhelm Debus: Sociolinguistics of proper names. Language and Society (Socio-Onomastics). In: Ernst Eichler, Gerold Hilty, Heinrich Löffler, Hugo Steger, Ladislav Zgusta (eds.): Name research. An international handbook on onomastics, Vol. 1 (= HSK 11.1), pp. 393–399.
  9. ^ Gerhard Bauer: Name research in relation to other research disciplines. In: Ernst Eichler, Gerold Hilty, Heinrich Löffler, Hugo Steger, Ladislav Zgusta (eds.): Name research. An international handbook on onomastics, Vol. 1 (= HSK 11.1), pp. 8–23; here: p. 10.
  10. ^ Gerhard Bauer: Name research in relation to other research disciplines. In: Ernst Eichler, Gerold Hilty, Heinrich Löffler, Hugo Steger, Ladislav Zgusta (eds.): Name research. An international handbook on onomastics, Vol. 1 (= HSK 11.1), pp. 8–23; here: p. 12.
  11. ↑ Cf. Gerhard Bauer: Name research in relation to other research disciplines. In: Ernst Eichler, Gerold Hilty, Heinrich Löffler, Hugo Steger, Ladislav Zgusta (eds.): Name research. An international handbook on onomastics, Vol. 1 (= HSK 11.1), pp. 8–23; here: p. 13.
  12. ^ Konrad Kunze: dtv-Atlas onenology. First and last names in the German-speaking area. 4th, revised. u. exp. Edition. Munich 2003, p. 189.
  13. ^ Damaris Nübling, Fabian Fahlbusch, Rita Heuser: Names. An introduction to onomastics. Tübingen 2012, p. 13.
  14. ^ Konrad Kunze: dtv-Atlas onenology. First and last names in the German-speaking area. 4th, revised. u. exp. Edition. Munich 2003.
  15. ^ Arno Ruoff: Naive approaches to name research. In: Ernst Eichler, Gerold Hilty, Heinrich Löffler, Hugo Steger, Ladislav Zgusta (eds.): Name research. An international handbook on onomastics, Vol. 1 (= HSK 11.1), pp. 360–367.
  16. ^ Damaris Nübling, Fabian Fahlbusch, Rita Heuser: Names. An introduction to onomastics. Tübingen 2012, p. 13.
  17. ↑ See e.g. B. Archived copy ( Memento of the original dated October 11, 2004 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.onomastik.com