Town Hall (Iphofen)
The town hall (address Marktplatz 1 , formerly house number 119) of the Lower Franconian town of Iphofen is the representative administrative seat and landmark of the community. It is located on the market square in the northern part of the old town and was built by the master builder Joseph Greissing .
history
The history of the town hall is closely linked to that of the town of Iphofen itself. In 1293 the already existing village of Iphofen was raised to the status of a city by Bishop Manegold of Würzburg . The citizenry received its own representative building in order to make the received status upgrading externally recognizable. Even at this early point in time, the town hall stood on the north side of the market square and formed the end of the square.
A town hall in the city was first mentioned in a document in 1425. It is probably the building built in the course of the town elevation. However, it was replaced by a new building as early as 1484, which contemporaries described as particularly impressive. Similar to comparable cities in Main Franconia , the town hall was used in the Middle Ages by a wide variety of population groups and by no means only by the city councils.
The bakers and butchers held a market on the ground floor . In addition, the so-called “ Narrenhäuslein ” or “Hundsloch” was installed below the stairs , in which shameful sentences were carried out to maintain public order. The council met on the first floor. A kitchen was also housed here, as was a drinking room. Particularly important for the local administration was the so-called cash vault, where the tax revenue of the community was kept.
The second town hall in Iphöfer existed for a long time, but could not be renovated as a result of the Thirty Years War . As early as 1603, the house was "in ruins". After the long war, the town hall was in danger of collapsing, the councils held their meetings in a house near the parish church and from 1707 even in the tavern, today's Rent Office. It was not until the first half of the 18th century that the city had recovered enough to start a new building.
For this purpose, the plot of land to be built on on the market square was expanded by purchasing the old house of "Hans Söhnlein". The master builder Joseph Greissing from Würzburg, who came from Vorarlberg , could be won as master builder . On April 16, 1716 the foundation stone for the new town hall was laid. In order to advance the construction as quickly as possible, the citizens of the city had to do labor. The total cost of the new building was 5443 guilders.
On September 11, 1718, the new town hall was consecrated. City pastor Johannes Reß entered every single room of the house and consecrated the building. At the same time, a citizens' festival took place on the market square, at which the two city companies took up positions. The citizens were fed with wine and “bread of three” to celebrate the day. The city council met for the first time on September 17, 1718 in the new building. Today the city archive is housed in the former cash room.
In the second half of the 20th century, the Iphöfer city archivist Andreas Brombierstäudl began to build up a cultural-historical collection on the city's history in the premises of the city hall . In 2020, efforts were made to give the rooms on the first floor a modern, museum-like presentation. The town hall is classified as an architectural monument , underground remains of the previous building are listed as a ground monument . It forms one of the focal points of the Old Town ensemble.
Architecture and interior design
Building description
The town hall presents itself as a three-storey hipped roof building in the Baroque style . It is bounded by richly articulated corner pilasters . Centrally, there is a central projection, which in a Zwerchhaus expires. A double flight of stairs was added to the south facade of the building . The Iphöfer town hall is dominated by a mighty portal with a segmented arch. An eight-sided roof turret with a lantern forms the end . Two dragon-shaped gargoyles are attached to the eaves.
In the 18th century, the current building was erected on the already existing wine cellars of the old town hall. The ground floor is now accessed through a round arch portal, which was made simpler than the portal on the first floor with a simple profile. The facade facing the market square has seven window axes. The windows have drilled and profiled frames, while the individual floors are separated from one another by cornices .
The center of the building is the portal on the first floor. Two round columns with Corinthian capitals support a projecting arched gable above segmented cornices. Two ancient warriors in armor with towering swords, created by the Sommerach artist Matthias Sporer, rest on it . The Latin inscriptions Fi / DE (Faith, left) and Fi / DELi / TAT (Loyalty, right) can be seen on their shields . The coat of arms of the Würzburg prince-bishop Johann Philipp von Greiffenclau was placed in the gable, below the gable one can see the coat of arms of the city of Iphofen.
inner space
The interior of the town hall has largely been preserved in the forms from the time it was built. The large Annunciation Hall can still be found behind the main portal. The former detention cell with the iron fittings goes from here . Significant fittings have also been preserved on the massive oak doors to the conference room. They were made with floral ornament and are extremely delicate. The hall itself has lead-glazed windows and a valuable stucco ceiling.
The coat of arms of the city, a man in armor with a shield in his hand, was made in stucco in the large conference room . On July 26, 1717, two masters from Dettelbach had already agreed to stucco the middle council chamber. Again the city coat of arms was shown. The "Tüncher" Friedrich Mayer and Andreas Vendt created significant works. The stairs and other rooms received simpler stucco decorations with foliage .
A tiled stove has also been preserved in the large council chamber, which is of particular importance in terms of art history. It is built in a box shape, its substructure rests on feet. The middle part and the top are made of fired clay. A tape refers to the "EYSEN HUTTEN 1697 ON WEILMUNSTER ". The substructure is adorned with biblical depictions of Saul and Absalom, above there are scenes from Greek legends. In the essay, on the other hand, there is rich ornamentation and floral decorations. Before 1939 the stove was in the Zur Goldenen Sonne inn .
The richly carved stair column in the stairwell is unique. It was commissioned on September 2, 1717 from the craftsman Matthias Sporer, who was already responsible for the figural elements of the facade. The wooden column is dominated by depictions of two titans . In between, Sporer added a variety of foliage and shell work. Several official portraits of the Würzburg prince-bishops were also hung in the town hall.
See also
literature
- Andreas Brombierstäudl: The town hall, jewel of the wine town of Iphofen . In: Yearbook of the district of Kitzingen 1979. In the spell of the Schwanberg . Kitzingen 1979. pp. 170-172.
- Andreas Brombierstäudl: The box oven in the town hall . In: Andreas Brombierstäudl (Ed.): Iphofen . Iphofen 1977. p. 15.
- Andreas Brombierstäudl: The market place . In: Andreas Brombierstäudl (Ed.): Iphofen . Iphofen 1977. pp. 7-12.
- Andreas Brombierstäudl: Iphofen. A small Franconian town through the centuries . Iphofen 1983.
- Gerhard Grünewald: The Franconian town hall through the ages with special consideration of the town halls of Iphofen, Kitzingen and Dettelbach. Allow . Wuerzburg 1972.
- Irmgard Güssow: City layout and cityscape of Iphofen . Volkach 1956.
- Hans Leicht: Historic town halls in Franconia . Wurzburg 1982.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Güssow, Irmgard: Stadtanlage and Stadtbild von Iphofen . P. 10.
- ↑ Brombierstäudl, Andreas: The market place . P. 9.
- ↑ Brombierstäudl, Andreas: Iphofen . P. 108.
- ↑ Brombierstäudl, Andreas: Iphofen . P. 105.
- ↑ Main-Post: Raise the treasure in the Iphöfer town hall .
- ^ Leicht, Hans: Historical town halls in Franconia . P. 64.
- ↑ Brombierstäudl, Andreas: Iphofen . P. 105.
- ↑ Brombierstäudl, Andreas: Iphofen . P. 117.
- ↑ Brombierstäudl, Andreas: The box oven in the town hall hall . P. 15.
Coordinates: 49 ° 42 ′ 18 " N , 10 ° 15 ′ 38.2" E