List of town halls in the district of Kitzingen

Town hall and market fountain in Volkach

Baroque town hall in Wiesentheid

The list of town halls in the district of Kitzingen contains the representative administrative centers in the Lower Franconian district of Kitzingen . Many historical town halls have been preserved in the district, some of which are still used today by the local government. The list does not claim to be exhaustive because many houses that were once used as town hall no longer exist today.

Historical background

The creation of the town hall

The Franconian region has the highest density of historic town halls in Germany. The three Franconian administrative districts of Bavaria have over 350 town halls, which were built up to the first half of the 20th century. A particularly large number of such buildings can be found in today's Lower Franconia district, a total of over 160 buildings. More than 30 such town halls have been preserved in the Kitzingen district. The emergence of representative town hall buildings, even in smaller towns, is closely related to the history of the region since the late Middle Ages .

In particular, viticulture , which in the early Middle Ages formed the economic basis for a large part of the population at the Main Triangle , plays a major role here. The development of the cultural landscape along the steep banks of the Main led to the emergence of a differentiated and highly developed craftsmanship, which was also reflected in the design of the administrative centers of the respective places.

The splitting up of the region also contributed to this. In the late Middle Ages, individual places began to develop into cities or were expanded into cities by the respective landlords . A growing self-confidence of the population was associated with the rise, which, in addition to the establishment of a more or less independent administration, was also reflected in the construction of a representative building as the seat of the council.

Possibly already existing buildings were converted into a town hall. In the 15th and especially the 16th century, many new town hall buildings were built. A town hall for Volkach can be verified for the first time in 1484, although it was not at the same location as the one today. The oldest administrative building in the district that still exists today is the town hall in Dettelbach , which was built between 1484 and 1512. It was followed by today's Volkach town hall and that of the city of Mainbernheim .

After the cities played a kind of pioneering role in the establishment of town halls, smaller towns followed suit in the 16th century. Above all, the larger villages in the Steigerwald foreland and along the Main raised the necessary financial security to put their own administrative building in the center of the settlement. The lay judges ' courts met in smaller towns , and only the towns had a council constitution, in changing private houses.

Town halls as local centers

During the 16th and 17th centuries there was a real boom in new town hall buildings in what is now the district. Master builders working beyond the region could also be won. The Kitzingen town hall was created by master Eckhard von Schaffhausen between 1561 and 1563, while the buildings in the southern Main Triangle around Marktbreit were often built by the Segnitz-based master builder Hans Keesebrod . The town halls in Segnitz and Marktbreit, as well as the former office building in Obernbreit, now used as town hall, go back to him.

Dettelbach Town Hall, Henry William Brewer, before 1903

The wave of new construction ended with the Thirty Years War . As latecomers in 1669 Geiselwind and 1682 Prichsenstadt received their town halls. The building was mostly built in a central location within the fortifications, the geographical conditions were only taken into account in Marktbreit and the town hall was built on the northern outskirts of the city. The town halls of the early modern period were by no means just administrative buildings, but were used as multifunctional buildings. Markets were held here or people invited to a dance. In larger communities, the madhouse for public shame was usually housed in the town hall.

"Ideal" use of the town hall (in the early modern period)
bullet	use
ground floor	Market, meat bank, fire department, guard room, fool's house
1st floor	Events, school, administration
2nd Floor	Mayor's room , boardroom

In the 18th century, even smaller communities managed to build their own town hall. Unlike in previous centuries, the construction was not limited to a tower of the churchyard fortifications, which was used for a long time as the town hall, but a real administration building was built. Town halls, which are closely connected to the so-called fortified church , still exist in Albertshofen, Eichfeld, Markt Einersheim, Marktsteft, Nenzenheim, Stadelschwarzach and Willanzheim. After 1427, the town hall in Kleinlangheim was moved to a new building outside the complex.

With the transition to Bavaria and the professionalization of the administration, many town halls lost their centuries-old multifunctionality. This was usually accompanied by major renovations. Use changed more slowly in smaller towns. The volunteer fire brigade often occupied the basements of the town halls with their devices. Unlike before, mainly stone buildings were built, and the prevailing half-timbering was dispensed with. Typical examples are the buildings in Düllstadt , Großlangheim and Greuth . In Sommerach, a new building was added to the old house.

The town hall buildings experienced the next big break in the course of the municipal reform in the 1970s . Larger towns redesigned their town halls through major interior renovations into central administrative centers, some of which could also accommodate the premises of an administrative community . In the small villages, which often had to give up their independence, the building lost its function. Some of the houses built in the 19th century, such as the Escherndorf school and town hall, also disappeared through demolition .

Today the representative town halls have a wide range of functions and uses, and they are often classified as architectural monuments . While the large towns in particular were able to establish their town halls as administrative buildings and landmarks at the same time, the smaller towns have very different uses. Especially in the tourist strongholds along the Main, the town halls have been converted into "guest houses". In other places they are community houses or are used as museums. They were just as often sold into private hands.

List of town halls

The list is based primarily on the work of Hans Bauer on the Dettelbach town hall, in which the other important buildings from the district were also assembled. Bauer also created the older overview map published in 1993. Further, consulted works can be found in the individual records for the respective houses. The list is arranged according to the names of the parishes. The town hall column refers to the individual building in the respective place, whereby no distinction was made between today incorporated and independent settlements.

The address indicates the exact address of the town hall. It is noteworthy that the town halls were often built on the marketplaces in the center of the town, which indicates the important economic function of the buildings in the Middle Ages and early modern times . The column erection time serves as a rough guide for the completion of the current building. In most cases, exact data cannot be determined. The geographic coordinates indicate the exact location of the house.

In the list he has compiled, Bauer differentiates between half-timbered buildings and stone buildings. This distinction has also been adopted here, although it can only roughly reflect the different financial situations on site. The use column outlines the current situation, while the architectural key data are gathered under the brief description . All town hall buildings in the district that are recorded in the literature were recorded. Many houses that were only used as a town hall for a while are no longer available.

Town hall (municipality or district)	address	Construction time (year of completion)	location	Type (half-timbered or stone construction)	use	Brief description	image
Abtswind	Hauptstrasse 19	2nd half of the 18th century	⊙	Truss	administration	two-story hipped roof building with half-timbered upper floor
Albertshofen	Kirchstrasse 6	1927	⊙	Stone construction	administration	two-storey mansard roof building
Astheim (Old Town Hall)	Kirchstrasse 31	16./17. century	⊙	Stone construction	Private home	two-storey saddle roof building with stepped gable
Astheim (New Town Hall)	Kartäuserstraße 14	1583/1584	⊙	Stone construction	Publicity	two-storey saddle roof construction with tail gable
Atzhausen		18th century	⊙	Stone construction	Publicity
Bibergau		19th century	⊙
Castell	Rathausplatz 4	19th century	⊙	Stone construction	administration
Dettelbach	Rathausplatz 1	1484 to 1512	⊙	Stone construction	administration	three-storey saddle roof building with open staircase and bay window
Düllstadt	Bamberger Strasse 65	around 1900	⊙	Stone construction	Publicity	single-storey saddle roof building with stepped gable
Eichfeld	Volkacher Street 23	19th century, with an older core	⊙	Stone construction	Private home	two-storey saddle roof construction
Escherndorf		19th century	⊙	Stone construction	demolition	two-storey hipped roof building with mezzanine floor
Your field		19th century	⊙
Feuerbach	Schwarzacher Strasse 18	1751	⊙	Stone construction	Publicity	two-storey rectangular building with hipped roof and roof turrets
Hostage wind	Marketplace 1	1669	⊙	Truss	administration	two-story saddle roof building with half-timbered upper floor
Gnodstadt		19th century	⊙	Stone construction	Publicity
Greuth	Mayor-Wolfgang-Brügel-Strasse 1	1811	⊙	Stone construction	Publicity	two-storey hipped roof building with central projection
Großlangheim	Hauptstrasse 42 / Schwarzacher Strasse 4	19th century	⊙	Stone construction	administration	two-storey hipped roof building
Huettenheim		18./19. century	⊙	Stone construction	Private home
Iphofen	Marketplace 1	1716 to 1718	⊙	Stone construction	administration	three-storey hipped roof building with a dwelling
Kitzingen	Marktstrasse 34	1561 to 1563	⊙	Stone construction	administration	three-storey saddle roof construction with tail gable
Kleinlangheim (Old Town Hall)	Christian-Beyer-Platz 4	re. 1485	⊙	Stone construction	Private home	two-story gatehouse
Kleinlangheim (New Town Hall)	Hauptstrasse 15	Ref. 1558	⊙	Truss	Publicity	two-storey hipped roof building with arcade
Mainbernheim	Rathausplatz 1	1548	⊙	Stone construction / half-timbering	administration	two- or three-storey saddle roof construction with stepped gable
Mainstockheim	Hauptstrasse 80	early 19th century	⊙	Stone construction	Publicity	two-storey hipped roof building
Market wide	Marktstrasse 4	1579 to 1581	⊙	Stone construction	administration	three-storey saddle roof construction with tail gable
Einersheim market	Marketplace 5	1567 to 1568	⊙	Truss	Publicity	two-storey hipped roof building with gate passage
Herrnsheim Market	Herrnsheim Market 23	17th century	⊙	Truss	Private home
Marktsteft	Hauptstrasse 27	1608 to 1609	⊙	Truss	Publicity	two-storey church courtyard wall and gatehouse
Mönchsondheim	At the fortified church 2	completed in 1557	⊙	Truss	Publicity	two-storey hipped roof building
Nenzenheim	Krassolzheimer Strasse 22	re. 1544	⊙	Truss	Private home	two-storey saddle roof construction
Neuses on the mountain	Kirchgasse 2	re. 1574	⊙	Truss	Private home	two-storey saddle roof construction
Nordheim am Main	Hauptstrasse 15	around 1600	⊙	Stone construction	Publicity	two-storey saddle roof building with stepped gable
Obernbreit	Kitzinger Strasse 6	re. 1563	⊙	Stone construction / half-timbering	administration	three-storey saddle roof building with stepped gable
Obervolkach	Mayor-Erhard-Strasse 4	early 19th century	⊙	Stone construction	Private home	two-storey hipped roof building
Prichsenstadt	Karlsplatz 5	Inauguration 1682	⊙	Truss	administration	three-storey saddle roof construction
Rödelsee	At the churches 2	19th century	⊙	Stone construction	administration	two-storey saddle roof construction
Rüdenhausen	Marktstrasse 13	re. 1817	⊙	Truss	administration	two-storey mansard roof building
Home of being	Rathausplatz 1	17th century	⊙	Stone construction	Publicity	two-storey saddle roof construction
Segnitz	Hans-Kesenbrod-Strasse 15	1587 to 1588	⊙	Stone construction / half-timbering	Publicity	two-storey saddle roof construction with tail gable
Sickershausen	Church square 9	re. 1592	⊙	Truss	Publicity	two-storey saddle roof building with a dwelling
Sommerach	Church square 3/4	in the core 1662, extended in 1821	⊙	Stone construction	Publicity	two-storey hipped roof buildings
Stadelschwarzach	Würzburger Strasse 32	re. 1605	⊙	Truss	Private home	three-storey saddle roof construction
Stadtschwarzach	Marketplace 1	re. 1715	⊙	Stone construction	administration	two-storey hipped roof building
Tiefenstockheim	Tiefenstockheim 22	re. 1581	⊙	Truss	Private home	two-storey saddle roof construction
Volkach	Marketplace 1	Start of construction in 1544	⊙	Stone construction	administration	three-storey saddle roof building with open staircase and bay window
Westheim	Rathausplatz 2	17th century	⊙	Truss	Publicity	two-storey saddle roof construction
Wiesenbronn	Koboldstrasse 1	re. 1724	⊙	Truss	Publicity	two-storey hipped roof building
Wiesentheid	Balthasar-Neumann-Strasse 14	1741 to 1743	⊙	Stone construction	administration	two-storey mansard roof building

literature

• Hans Bauer: The town hall 1512–2012. 500 years Dettelbach Town Hall (= Dettelbacher Art Guide, Vol. 2) . Dettelbach 2013.
• Hans Bauer: Historic town halls in the Kitzingen district. The town hall of Dettelbach a. M. as an example . In: More beautiful home. Heritage and Mission. 82nd year / 1993. Issue 2 . Munich 1993. pp. 69-75.
• Christa Benedum, Karl-Peter Büttner, Gerhard Egert, Franz Pfrang, Werner Stahr: Astheim and his Charterhouse . Wuerzburg 1991.
• Denis André Chevalley: Lower Franconia. Ensembles, architectural monuments, archaeological site monuments (= Monuments in Bavaria Volume VI) . Munich 1985.
• Ute Feuerbach: The school and town hall in Escherndorf . In: Ute Feuerbach (Ed.): Our Main Loop. 2008-2017 . Volkach 2018. pp. 182–186.
• Reinhard Hüßner: plums, cattle markets and two town halls. Small characteristic of the village of Kleinlangheim . In: Yearbook for the district of Kitzingen. In the spell of the Schwanberg 2010 . Dettelbach 2010. pp. 185-208.

Web links

Commons : List of town halls in the district of Kitzingen  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

1. ^ Bauer, Hans: The town hall 1512–2012 . P. 86.
2. ↑ See: Störmer, Wilhelm: Die Gesellschaft. Life forms and living conditions . P. 426.
3. ^ Bauer, Hans: The town hall 1512–2012 . P. 134.
4. ^ Bauer, Hans: Historical town halls in the district of Kitzingen . P. 70.
5. ^ Bauer, Hans: Historical town halls in the district of Kitzingen . P. 70.
6. ↑ Hüßner, Reinhard: prunes, cattle markets and two town halls . P. 199.
7. ↑ Feuerbach, Ute: The school and town hall in Escherndorf . P. 186.
8. ^ Bauer, Hans: The town hall 1512–2012 . P. 134.
9. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag} Bauer, Hans: Das Rathaus 1512–2012 . P. 134 (list).
10. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h} Chevalley, Denis André: Unterfranken .
11. ↑ ^{a b} Cf. Benedum, Christa (among others): Astheim and his Charterhouse . P. 57.
12. ^ ^{A b c} Bauer, Hans: Historical town halls in the district of Kitzingen . P. 70 (map).
13. ↑ Hüßner, Reinhard: prunes, cattle markets and two town halls . P. 199.

 Map with all coordinates: OSM | WikiMap