Großlangheim

coat of arms	Germany map
	Coordinates: 49 ° 45 '  N , 10 ° 14'  E
Basic data
State :	Bavaria
Administrative region :	Lower Franconia
County :	Kitzingen
Management Community :	Großlangheim
Height :	224 m above sea level NHN
Area :	14.77 km 2
Residents:	1553 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density :	105 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code :	97320
Area code :	09325
License plate :	KT
Community key :	09 6 75 131
Market structure:	2 districts
Market administration address :	Schwarzacher Str. 4 97320 Großlangheim
Website :	www.grosslangheim.de
Mayor :	Peter Sterk ( CSU / Free Citizens)
Location of the Großlangheim market in the Kitzingen district

Großlangheim seen from the Schwanberg

Großlangheim is a market in the Lower Franconian district of Kitzingen and the seat of the Großlangheim administrative association in Bavaria .

geography

location

Großlangheim is located in the Würzburg region (Bavarian planning region 2) at the foot of the Schwanberg .

Community structure

View of Großlangheim with St. Jakobus (coming from Rödelsee)

Großlangheim is divided into two districts:

• Großlangheim
• Willow mill

There is only the district Großlangheim.

Neighboring communities

Neighboring communities are (clockwise from the north): Kleinlangheim , Wiesenbronn , Rödelsee , Kitzingen and Schwarzach am Main .

Protected areas

In the district of Großlangheim there are two nature reserves in the northeast of the main town . The Belkers near Großlangheim is part of an extensive forest area, and rare orchid species grow on the wet meadow Kranzer .

Natural location

In terms of natural space, Großlangheim and its district are entirely located in the so-called Mainbernheim plain . This natural area forms a sub-unit of the Kitzingen Main Plain, which is characterized by flat, undulating plains between the Middle Main Valley and the rise of the terrain to the Steigerwald .

history

Stone bridge over the moat to the moated castle

Until the church is planted

Finds of microliths attest to the first settlements on Großlangheimer district around 12,000 years ago. Großlangheim first appeared in a document as "Lanchheim" in 816 AD in the founding document of the Megigaudeshausen (also Megingaudshausen) monastery . The Langheims are named as the first ministerials. At first they were probably servants of the Kitzingen convent. In 1189 there was talk of "Helmericus von Lamheim", later "Langheim" or "Lankheim". In 1270, the farm in “maiori Lanchheim” went to Eberhard Fuchs von Scheinfeld, who gave it to the Cistercian abbey in Ebrach in 1276.

In 1315, Count Friedrich von Castell received bailiwick and tithe in Großlangheim from the bishopric of Würzburg as a fief . From the 14th century, most of the town was under the Count of Castell . On July 21, 1414, King Sigismund allowed Count Linhart von Castell to fortify the place and to hold weekly markets and two annual markets . The weekly market took place on Mondays, there were annual markets on St. Georg (April 23) and St. Jakob (July 25). Over three hundred years later, in 1708, the place was allowed to hold four annual fairs. Count Linhart ensured the safety of his subjects by fortifying them with walls and ditches. The chronicle reports five towers and four gates with three gatehouses and four gatekeepers. The gatehouse in the direction of Kitzingen fell victim to the flames along with many documents during the Swedish War and was completely destroyed by lightning in 1676. At an auction in 1818, local residents were able to purchase parts of the trench. The Casteller gate tower in the direction of Kleinlangheim disappeared in 1875, the Schwarzacher Tor in 1892 and the bridge gate in the direction of Rödelsee in 1893. Fragments of the walls can still be seen around the original old town.

For 10,000 guilders , the market town passed in 1447 from the Casteller Count Wilhelm into the possession of the Counts von Henneberg-Römhild and Truchseß von Wetzhausen . During their reign, the works of art attributed to Riemenschneider or his workshop probably came to the chapel and the church between 1510 and 1515. Count Heinz Truchseß zu Langheim was a friend of the Würzburg prince-bishop Lorenz von Bibra , who promoted Riemenschneider. In 1517, Heintz, Erhard and Philipp Truchseß von Wetzhausen sold "their two halves at Langheim Castle and Market ..." to the Würzburg Monastery . As part of the Hochstift Würzburg, Großlangheim was secularized in favor of Bavaria in 1803 and came to Archduke Ferdinand of Tuscany with the Peace of Pressburg in 1805 to form the Grand Duchy of Würzburg , with which it reverted to the Kingdom of Bavaria in 1814.

Jewish community

→ Main article : Jewish community Großlangheim

In 1830 the Großlangheim Jews had received permission to build a synagogue and a school. During the November pogrom of 1938 , these buildings were spared the fire. The reason was the fear of the fire spreading. However, the furnishings of the synagogue and the school of the Jewish community in the courtyard were vandalized by SA men . During the war the synagogue housed prisoners of war and at the end it housed a hospital. After the Second World War , the people of Großlangheim used it as a fire station . When it moved to a new building, the building was completely renovated and is now a cultural center. Lectures, theater and cabarets as well as cinema screenings take place there. It is also the clubhouse of the male choir singing pleasure Großlangheim.

A copper plaque commemorates the pogrom and the former Jewish community.

Religions

There is a Catholic church in Großlangheim that is regularly used for church services. The Catholic pastor of the communities Großlangheim, Kleinlangheim , Wiesenbronn , Mainbernheim and Rödelsee lives in the rectory .

Population development

year	1970	1987	1991	1995	2000	2005	2010	2015
Residents	1341	1293	1411	1471	1580	1577	1620	1606

politics

Town hall (monument)

Municipal council

Since the municipal council election on March 16, 2014, the seats in the municipal council have been distributed as follows (with share of votes):

Party / list	Share of votes	Seats
CSU / Free Citizens	42.5%	5
SPD / Großlangheim list	14.9%	2
Free voters	25.5%	3
Boy list	17.1%	2

The turnout was 60.9%.

mayor

Peter Sterk (CSU / Free Citizens) has been First Mayor since May 1, 2020; he was elected on March 15, 2020 with 57.9% of the vote. His predecessor was Karl Höchner (CSU / Free Citizens) from May 1, 1996 to April 30, 2020; In his re-election in 2014 he again achieved a majority with 60.5% of the votes cast.

household

Großlangheim is one of the few municipalities in Bavaria that is completely debt-free and has had a balanced budget for years despite village renewal.

coat of arms

Blazon : "The growing, silver-clad and gold-nimbed Saint Jacobus in red with a golden shell in his right hand and a golden walking stick in his left."

Establishment of the coat of arms: In 1414 Großlangheim received market rights. From 1547 the imprint of a seal with St. James, to whom the parish church is consecrated, is known. The depiction of the saint goes back to a seal from 1633 on which he carries a shell and a pilgrim's staff. The colors silver and red come from the coat of arms of the Counts of Castell, but also of the Würzburg state. Around 1447 the counts owned almost the entire market, to which they donated the Antonius Chapel in 1399. From 1517 the market was owned by Würzburg. The Bavarian Ministry of the Interior confirmed the coat of arms in the representation from 1633 on May 9, 1961.

Culture and sights

Remains of the former moated castle with a moat

Architectural monuments

→ Main article : List of architectural monuments in Großlangheim

Moated castle

According to the information board on the bridge, the Großlangheim moated castle was first mentioned in the 14th century as the property of the Counts of Castell. From these it went to Truchseß von Wetzhausen. It then came into the possession of the Würzburg monastery. During the Peasants' War on May 5, 1525, the peasants looted the castle together with local residents and set it on fire. After the end of the war, some local residents paid for this with their lives, others had to provide support with the construction. From 1660 the castle could no longer be used as an apartment and the rooms were empty. From 1694 it fell into disrepair and served the population as a quarry. Only remnants of the foundation walls, the stone bridge and the moat, which is partially filled with water, give an idea of ​​the original size of the complex.

St. Anthony Chapel

The St. Anthony Chapel was donated by the Counts of Castell in the middle of the 14th century and built until 1399. In the late Gothic period, the little church received some of the valuable furnishings that are attributed to the Riemenschneider workshop. After the secularization, the demolition of the chapel was discussed, but after a comprehensive renovation at the end of the 19th century this could be prevented.

A special feature of the chapel is the Gothic crowning of the door with the figures of St. George, the patron Antonius and the Holy Mother of God. There is also a cycle of frescoes inside about the life of St. Anthony. It is considered to be the best preserved of its kind in Germany. Some late Gothic reliefs from the 16th century were added to the neo-Gothic high altar.

Catholic parish church of St. James

Catholic Church St. Jakobus in Großlangheim

The church of St. Jakobus has only been handed down at its current location from the middle of the 15th century. Previously, the service had been celebrated in another parish church in the village, which had been handed down as an early Christian baptismal church from the 10th century. During a renovation in the 19th century, two rotundas were added to the late Gothic nave.

Inside the church there are a variety of furnishings from different eras. In particular, the renovation in 1820/1821 brought neo-Gothic elements into the interior of the church. The wooden sculptures from Tilman Riemenschneider's school are special treasures . It is a Vespers picture, several sculptures of saints and a relief and Mary two white saints.

graveyard

Originally the surrounding graveyard with a charnel house , the church. In 1622 it was expanded in connection with the new church. Lutherans and strangers were buried in the stranger's cemetery in front of the Schwarzacher Tor. From 1732 burials were only carried out in the foreign cemetery.

Marterlesweg

In Großlangheim and in its corridor there are numerous wayside shrines that can be hiked on a tour, the Großlangheimer Marterlesweg. The oldest wayside shrine from 1501, on which angels collect the blood of Christ, decorates the church square.

Say

From the concealed well

There was once a well near the parish church of St. James, most of which was covered with a wooden lid. The children from the village were afraid of the well, especially the young girls avoided it. Once on Mardi Gras it was revealed and the village youth stood masked around the fountain. The boys got the idea to hop from one side of the well to the other. The jumps were made faster and faster and the boys came closer and closer to the other side. One of the boys encouraged the others to dare increasingly risky jumps. Another noticed that the bunch had grown. He told the others to stop jumping and do the counting instead. Instead of ten children, eleven now stood around the well. Then it got scary for them and they left the place. The eleventh boy was no longer to be seen.

The laundresses at the Roten Graben

Between Großlangheim and Haidt, a path leads over a small stream, the Rodenbach or Roten Graben. In the past, a ford was the most important crossing point. At midnight several white women could be seen near the ford, busily washing their clothes. The sound of the laundresses could be heard from a distance. If someone made the water cloudy during the transition, i.e. made it unsuitable for washing, the laundresses would come and give him slaps .

The ghost forester in the monastery forest

In the deep forest between Großlangheim and Dettelbach there used to be a hunter's house . An ancient hunter lived there with his two dogs. He was shunned by all because he never went to church and cruelly persecuted the loggers. When he died, everyone from Großlangheim was happy. In the winter after his death, however, the hunter reappeared as a ghost in the forest. He led hikers astray and terrified people with his gruesome cries.

A woman from Großlangheim reported that her father was once in the forest with his two brothers. They wanted to get the so-called brushwood for their brooms and climbed onto the oldest birch trees . When it struck eleven, a man suddenly came running out of the forest. He had a dog with him and positioned himself under the tree on which the brothers were sitting. But they saw that the hunter had no head. At midnight the hunter left the place and a loud rustling went through the forest.

regional customs

The annual pilgrimage to Gößweinstein lasts five days, from the Saturday before Pentecost to the Wednesday afterwards with a two-day walk for the 110 km long route with a stop in Pommersfelden . Whit Monday is the day of rest and is used to pray and remember the victims of a plague epidemic in the Middle Ages that triggered this pilgrimage.

music

The Männergesangverein (MGV) Sängerlust was founded on July 6, 1912. He joined the German Singers' Association in 1926. In 1999 Petra Sterk founded the Großlangheim children's choir, the "Langemer Nesthäkchen", which joined the MGV in November 2000. Every Friday over 40 children rehearse in two groups. In 2011 the choir was reinforced by the active singers of the disbanded Etwashausen men's choir. The repertoire includes songs from 300 years.

Regular events

The “Spring Wiesn” has been taking place at the end of March as a two-day tent event on the multifunctional area in Großlangheim since 2010. It consists of a classic beat evening with a cover band and a traditional festival with a brass band and beer tapping by the mayor. The spring meadow appeals to all age groups and is organized by the youth club Neuer-Keller e. V. organizes on its own.

Raising the maypole starts on April 30th. The male village youth cut a birch in the forest every year, which is then decorated by girls. Towards evening the maypole is set up on the market square and guarded by a campfire and socializing until daybreak on May 1st.

At the “Krackenmarkt” in May, locals and non-residents offer their goods. The name comes from the fact that the people of Großlangheim are mostly called "Kracken" in the area.

The lake festival of MGV Großlangheim takes place in June.

A beach and grass handball tournament takes place at the end of June on the sports grounds of the Grosslangheim gymnastics club (TVG) from Friday to Sunday. First, the adults and a week later the youngsters measure each other. The TVG was the first club in Bavaria to set up a beach handball field in the mid-1990s. A second place followed. In the beginning, the TVG was also the host of a beach handball master, whose winnings entitle them to participate in the German beach handball championship.

The youth Whitsun tournament of FC Großlangheim is organized on Whitsun. On Saturday, Großlangheim clubs and groups on small fields determine the football village champion.

The Großlangheim Wine Festival on the third weekend in July is a major event . Numerous visitors come every year to celebrate on the market square and the area around the Winzerbrünnle. A community of various Großlangheimer associations and the community work closely together. The festival begins with the pick-up of the local wine princess by clubs, guests of honor and the community.

The panic party is probably the most outstanding event of the year on the Saturday of the fourth weekend in July. The largest open-air concert in Lower Franconia in a rain basin in the Großlangheim vineyards is known far beyond the boundaries of the district. The whole event is organized by the local youth association, Offener Jugendtreff Neuer Keller e. V. organized and supported independently. He also receives all of the profit, which is used directly for the local youth work.

For a few years now, Kerm has been revived by the Junge List at the beginning of October. Since then there has also been a Kerwa sermon. Around 1600 the parish fair took place on the Sunday after St. Jakobi , and since 1822 on the Sunday after Michaelmas .

At the Advent Bazaar on the first Sunday of Advent, timeless and Christmas-winter goods are on offer.

The so-called Holzstrich, an auction of firewood , is traditionally held between Christmas and New Year's Eve in the Großlangheim forest. Usually stereos and knolls (tree tops) made of spruce, pine, birch, oak, alder and beech are for sale.

Economy and Infrastructure

economy

In 2016, the official statistics counted no employees in the manufacturing sector and 23 employees subject to social insurance contributions in the area of ​​trade, transport and hospitality. In other economic sectors, 44 people were employed at the place of work subject to social security contributions. There were a total of 751 employees at the place of residence subject to social security contributions. One company was listed in the manufacturing sector and five companies were listed in the main construction sector. In 2010 there were 36 farms with an agricultural area totaling 847 hectares, of which 772 were arable land and 37 were permanent green areas. Wine is grown on the Schwanberg in the Kiliansberg area .

Viticulture

Großlangheim is today a wine-growing area in the Franconian wine-growing region . There is a vineyard around the village, the wine has been marketed under the name Großlangheimer Kiliansberg since the 1970s. Großlangheim is part of the Schwanberger Land area, until 2017 the winemakers were grouped together in the Steigerwald area. The Keuperböden around Großlangheim are just as suitable for growing wine as the location in the Maingau climate zone, which is one of the warmest in Germany.

The people around Großlangheim have been growing wine since the early Middle Ages . The Franconian settlers probably brought the vine to the Main in the 7th century. In the Middle Ages, the region was part of the largest contiguous wine-growing region in the Holy Roman Empire. The people mostly operated part-time viticulture for self-sufficiency , at the same time export centers were already emerging, especially along the Main. Großlangheim also rose to market in 1414 in order to establish a central market for the wines of the surrounding communities.

After the secularization at the beginning of the 19th century, however, viticulture experienced a comprehensive decline. Above all, locations with less favorable climatic conditions were completely abandoned. In addition, the emergence of pests such as phylloxera made cultivation difficult . The Franconian wine-growing region was not able to consolidate again until the second half of the 20th century. The use of fertilizers and improved cultivation methods had contributed to this, as had the organization in cooperatives and the land consolidation of the 1970s.

Viticulture is again an important economic factor in Großlangheim today. Several wineries have their headquarters in the village. In addition, the wine also shapes the local culture and attracts tourists . The local winegrowers established the choice of a wine princess to represent the Großlangheim products. In addition, a wine adventure trail was created that guides hikers through the vineyards. The center of the wine culture, however, is the Großlangheim Wine Festival , which takes place annually in the third week of July.

Vineyard	Size 1993	Size 2019	Compass direction	Slope	Main grape varieties	Great location
Kiliansberg	60 ha	65 ha	North, northwest	10-15%	Silvaner , Müller-Thurgau	Rödelsee Castle Hill

traffic

Road traffic

Großlangheim can be easily reached via the A3 motorway (Kitzingen / Schwarzach junction) and the B 8 , B 22 and B 286 federal highways . They are all less than six kilometers away.

Kitzingen-Schweinfurt railway line

→ Main article : Kitzingen-Schweinfurt railway line

At the end of the 19th century, Großlangheim was connected to the Bavarian railway network . In 1893 the Kitzingen- Gerolzhofen section of the so-called Steigerwaldbahn (also Untere Steigerwaldbahn) was completed, Großlangheim was equipped with a stop. The branch line connected from 1903 Kitzingen with the Schweinfurt Hauptbahnhof and was one of the longer branch lines in Germany.

Traffic on the route began to be reduced in the 1980s. Finally, in 2007, the section between Kitzingen and Großlangheim was also closed to freight traffic due to suspected contaminated sites from the Second World War . For a long time there have been initiatives to reactivate passenger traffic on the disused route. At the beginning of 2019, a violent dispute broke out that has continued to this day and became a political issue .

education

The following institutions exist (as of 2017):

• A kindergarten with 62 kindergarten places and 44 children
• Primary school students visit the Kleinlangheim Association School with individual classes in the Großlangheim school building.
• The secondary school is attended by the Großlangheim students first in Kleinlangheim , and then in Wiesentheid .

Secondary schools are in the immediate vicinity of the market.

• There are secondary schools in Kitzingen , Dettelbach and Volkach .
• There is a business school in Kitzingen.
• High schools can be attended in Kitzingen , Schwarzach am Main-Münsterschwarzach , Volkach-Gaibach and Wiesentheid .

Facilities

In Großlangheim there are four wine outlets, three restaurants, two bakeries, two banks, a hacker's business and a driving school.

Personalities

Born in Großlangheim

• Thomas Neidlin (also Neutlin, † 1556), abbot of Oberzell Abbey
• Hieronymus I. Hölein († 1615), abbot of Ebrach Monastery
• Wilhelm Andreas Kummer (* 1771 in Großlangheim, † 1857 in Würzburg), district judge in Prölsdorf, Eltmann, writer
• Andreas Evaristus Mader (1881–1949), theologian and archaeologist, excavated the Church of the Multiplication in 1932 .
• Hannes Grebner (1921–1971), local poet and composer

literature

• Hans Ambrosi, Bernhard Breuer: German Vinothek: Franconia. Guide to the vineyards, winegrowers and their kitchens . Herford ² 1993.
• Hans Bauer: Old and new coats of arms in the Kitzingen district . In: Yearbook of the district of Kitzingen 1980. In the spell of the Schwanberg . Kitzingen 1980. pp. 53-70.
• Johann Ludwig Klarmann: The Steigerwald in the past. A contribution to Franconian cultural studies . Gerolzhofen ² 1909.

Web links

Commons : Großlangheim  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• Official website of the municipality
• Großlangheim: Official statistics of the LfStat
• History of the Jewish community in Großlangheim
• St. Jakobus Maior Church from the inside - Interactive 360 ​​° panorama

Individual evidence

1. ↑ "Data 2" sheet, Statistical Report A1200C 202041 Population of the municipalities, districts and administrative districts 1st quarter 2020 (population based on the 2011 census) ( help ).
2. ↑ Administration. Großlangheim community, accessed on August 6, 2020 . 
3. ↑ Großlangheim Market. In: Place database. Bayerische Landesbibliothek Online, accessed on September 22, 2014 . 
4. ^ ^{A b c} Anton Käsbauer: Großlangheim market . Ed .: Markt Großlangheim. HartDruck GmbH, Volkach 1986.
5. ↑ ^{a b c d e} Jesko Graf zu Dohna: In the footsteps of the Counts of Castell . Vier Türme GmbH, Benedict Press, Münsterschwarzach 2004.
6. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j} Sebastian Zeißner with the support of Georg Spath: History of Großlangheim . Bonitas Bauer, Würzburg 1933.
7. ^ Petro Müller: The Antonius Chapel in Großlangheim . telar verlag, Schweinfurt 1997, ISBN 3-930285-70-3 .
8. ↑ Memorial sites for the victims of National Socialism . A documentation, volume 1. Federal Agency for Civic Education, Bonn 1995, ISBN 3-89331-208-0 , p. 144
9. ^ Bauer, Hans: Old and new coats of arms in the district of Kitzingen . P. 58.
10. ↑ Klarmann, Johann Ludwig (among others): Legends and sketches from the Steigerwald . P. 246 f.
11. ↑ ^{a b} Thomas Sterk: Male Choir Singing Lust 1912 Großlangheim e. V. Accessed January 31, 2013 . 
12. ^ Ambrosi, Hans (among others): German Vinothek: Franconia . Pp. 50-52.
13. ↑ Großlangheim: Wine Festival , accessed on June 6, 2019.
14. ↑ Government of Lower Franconia: Vineyards in Bavaria broken down by area ( Memento of the original from July 28, 2018 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , PDF file, accessed May 16, 2019. 
15. ^ Ambrosi, Hans (among others): German Vinothek: Franconia . P. 237.
16. ↑ mainpost.de: IHK: Steigerwaldbahn would strengthen the region, July 20, 2018. Accessed on January 20, 2020 . 
17. ↑ Klarmann, Johann Ludwig: The Steigerwald in the past . P. 196.