Segnitz

The title of this article is ambiguous. For the German botanist, see Gottfried von Segnitz .

coat of arms	Germany map
	Coordinates: 49 ° 40 '  N , 10 ° 9'  E
Basic data
State :	Bavaria
Administrative region :	Lower Franconia
County :	Kitzingen
Management Community :	Market wide
Height :	181 m above sea level NHN
Area :	2.72 km 2
Residents:	822 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density :	303 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code :	97340
Area code :	09332
License plate :	KT
Community key :	09 6 75 166
Community structure:	1 district
Association administration address:	Marktstrasse 4 97340 Marktbreit
Website :	www.segnitz-main.de
Mayor :	Peter Matterne ( CSU )
Location of the municipality of Segnitz in the district of Kitzingen

Panorama of Segnitz taken from the Marktbreiter Kapellenberg

Segnitz is a municipality in the Lower Franconian district of Kitzingen and a member of the Marktbreit administrative community .

geography

The village is located below the south-facing slopes in the Main Valley at the southernmost tip of the Main Triangle (and thus the Main as a whole), which has a favorable climate . Administratively it belongs to the Würzburg region (Bavarian planning region 2).

There is only the Segnitz district . Until the beginning of the 19th century, the so-called Mönchhof in Frickenhausen was also administered from Segnitz, an Ansbach (Protestant) enclave in otherwise Würzburg (Catholic) territory, which often caused disputes.

Neighboring communities are (clockwise from the north): Marktsteft , Marktbreit , Frickenhausen am Main and Sulzfeld am Main .

history

Until the church is planted

A vineyard in villa segeniz was first mentioned in a document for the year 1142 in a deed of donation falsified by monks of the Würzburg Neumünster monastery towards the end of the 12th century in their favor . Ecclesiastically Segnitz belonged to Frickenhausen .

After the separation of the district from Frickenhausen along the Dietentalgraben , a small stream, there was a dispute because Segnitz now owned considerably more valuable arable and pasture areas in the narrow Main Valley . In the 14th century, Frickenhausen, which was nevertheless considerably larger, then forcibly appropriated an important pasture area in the valley, the Kleiner Anger, east of the natural border. This led to a border conflict that lasted for decades, which went to Vienna before the emperor and whose judge, Bishop Ulrich von Passau , ultimately decided in favor of Segnitz. However, the municipality was subsequently unable to enforce its rights, although Frickenhausen was sentenced in 1473 to partially reimburse the Segnitz court costs of 1,300 guilders . This parcel still belongs to Frickenhausen today .

During the Peasants' War in 1525, the Margrave of Ansbach came into possession of the Segnitz estates of the Auhausen monastery .

Segnitz experienced its first heyday at the time of the late Renaissance before the Thirty Years War , after the master builder and stonemason Hans Keesebrod, who moved from Ochsenfurt around 1575, married to Segnitz and shaped the small town as well as the neighboring town of Marktbreit and other neighboring towns with its unmistakable architectural style to this day .

The margravial office (until 1796 condominium with the Barons von Zobel ) fell in 1803 in the course of the Prussian-Bavarian border adjustments to Bavaria, which left it to the Grand Duchy of Würzburg for the same reasons in 1806/07 . In 1814 it returned to Bavaria. In the course of the administrative reforms in the Kingdom of Bavaria , today's municipality was created with the municipal edict of 1818 .

19th to 21st century

A second heyday came in the 19th century, when local Jewish traders and business people in particular took care of trade and change. The Israelite cantor and teacher Julius Brussels founded a commercial school with boarding school for boys in 1838 , which already had an excellent reputation after a few years, but was initially only open to Israelite students. His successor Simon Eichenberg enlarged the school and boarding school considerably and was also able to open it up to Christian students. In its heyday it extended to five large buildings in the inner city. At the height of its importance, Eichenberg sold the boarding school to the social democratic politician and teacher Samuel Spier . Up to 172 pupils from almost all of Europe and even America lived in the Segnitz boarding school around 1870. From 1874 the writer Aron, known later under the pseudonym Italo Svevo , called Ettore Schmitz from Trieste, attended boarding school with his two brothers Adolfo and Elio. The start-up crash , which was already noticeable in the following year , had a sensitive impact on the number of students from 1876 onwards. Spier closed school and boarding school in 1881 and moved to Frankfurt.

It was Eichenberg who recognized the need to build a bridge over the Main for Segnitz early on after the neighboring town of Marktbreit had been connected to the Treuchtlingen – Würzburg railway in 1865 . To this end, he founded an interest group, but only decades later, on December 3, 1893, when most of the traders had already moved away from Segnitz, the Segnitzer Bridge , which was built and financed by the community itself, was opened. The bridge replaced an old ferry connection . The bridge was blown up by German troops in World War II, then rebuilt by the community (second Segnitzer bridge) and handed over to the Bavarian state in 1962.

In 2010, after several accidents that repeatedly damaged the bridge's pillar and resulted in a new construction, the third Segnitz bridge was opened to traffic. This time the Free State had the financial direction, but the municipality made a significant contribution to the infrastructure and took the opportunity to build a bypass road itself , which was also a prerequisite for village renewal , which was to be initiated in 2012.

The third bloom of Segnitz began around 1900 with the arrival of gardening families, for example from Albertshofen and Sommerhausen . After the bridge was built, the gardeners benefited from the nearby Marktbreit train station and made Segnitz known as a gardening community , a reputation that continues to this day. Until the 1980s, Segnitz gardeners were at the forefront of important developments in their profession several times. 1919 Hans and Bernhard Stinzing invented a patent-protected new method in construction of Mistbeetkästen . In 1949, Hans Seidel constructed a new type of tomato cleaning and sorting machine. Walter Frank developed and built a machine in 1981 that significantly accelerated the laborious individual packing and potting of aromatic herbs. At the same time, Franz Hagn was one of the first gardeners in Germany to experiment with exotic vegetables and colorful salads, which were sold nationwide. Karl and Hermann Fuchs constructed in the early 1980s a self-propelled machine without poison potato beetle fights by the plants with a jet of air blows onto and which catches bugs that can be immediately Schreck Rigid fall on the ground.

Population development

• 1970: 976 inhabitants
• 1987: 877 inhabitants
• 1991: 865 inhabitants
• 1995: 853 inhabitants
• 2000: 866 inhabitants
• 2005: 858 inhabitants
• 2010: 830 inhabitants
• 2015: 851 inhabitants

politics

mayor

Peter Matterne ( CSU ) has been First Mayor since May 1, 2020; he was elected on March 15, 2020 with 52.7% of the vote. Its predecessors were:

• Marlene Bauer (Segnitzer Citizen List) from February 1, 2017 to April 30, 2020; as 2nd mayor, she has been in office since October 1, 2017.
• Rudolf Löhr (Free Voters) from May 1, 2002 to September 30, 2016
• Heinrich Fischer (Free Voters) until April 30, 2002.

coat of arms

Blazon : "Under a shield head quartered with silver and black in silver, a red horse head with black mane and black bridle."

Justification of the coat of arms: In today's coat of arms, the historical power relations are represented. The images on seals from the early 16th century show Saint George on horseback with a lance and a dragon. The municipality has renounced a reference to these elements in the current coat of arms. The local rulership was ruled by the Lords of Zobel from Giebelstadt until the Peasants' War and later also by the Margraves of Ansbach , as the sables themselves had to be taxed by the Margraves. The place was thus divided, which often led to internal disputes, even if the margraves sat in doubt on the longer lever. These dominant relationships are shown in today's coat of arms: in the head of the shield by the coat of arms of the Margraves of Brandenburg-Ansbach, including the horse's head from the coat of arms of the Sable von Giebelstadt. The coat of arms was awarded by the Ministry of the Interior on July 26, 1962.

Culture

town hall

In Segnitz there is a public library that can be traced back to a foundation by the Dresden doctor Eduard Krauss in the new schoolhouse from 1901 (the old schoolhouse from 1565, the oldest dated secular building in town, was demolished in 1972), in the same building there is a local history museum, which is located under among other things exhibits numerous finds from a large cemetery from the Hallstatt period found in 1972. The local history and an extraordinarily rich community archive with many documents still from the Middle Ages have been made accessible since the 1930s thanks to the voluntary commitment of various citizens.

A gymnastics club, a shooting club, a choir club, an association of hobby gardeners and nature lovers and numerous private individuals also make a contribution to culture. The bread noise-hard community taught in 1990 for the first time Segnitzer bread noise hard from that with unusual details (herbal soups, salads, tours of the hall and garden plants) in the region to the cult. The unmistakable name, which goes back to the old nickname of the Segnitzer, the Brodräusch , was given up in 2011.

Community archivist Norbert Bischof publishes a regular series of publications under the title Alte Gschichten . A publisher, founded in Segnitz in 1992 and named after a fictional character Italo Svevos and the Greek philosopher Zeno von Elea, publishes works in its bibliophile series Edition Villa Segeniz that either have to do with Segnitz and its neighboring towns or were written, edited or designed by local citizens . The Ludwig Friedrich Barthel Foundation , founded on July 3, 2005 at the Munich University of Music and Theater, has been based in Segnitz since 2011.

Attractions

Evangelical Church of St. Martin

Due to its location at an important Main crossing, Segnitz has always been a place facing the river, which is a specialty among the Main villages; the closest further example is with Margetshöchheim over 30 kilometers away. Another special feature was the church castle, which was originally free-standing on the outskirts, but its impressive visual effect has been severely restricted by construction since the 1970s. The entire former main street (today Hans-Kesenbrod-Straße) with the town hall built by the master builder , the area around the Gothic church of St. Martin with a fortified church and individual objects such as the cemetery hall built in 1607 with numerous, mainly by Hans Keesebrod, are under monument protection or ensemble protection created epitaphs and frescoes residues former Zehnthaus with Zehntkeller and tithe barn , one of the former synagogue adjacent and to the building of the former Brussels Institute's tower and others.

Architectural monuments

→ Main article : List of architectural monuments in Segnitz

Economy and Infrastructure

Economy including agriculture and forestry

According to official statistics, there were no employees at the place of work in the field of agriculture and forestry 42, in the manufacturing industry and no employees in the field of trade and transport. In other economic areas, 14 people were employed at the place of work subject to social security contributions. There were a total of 280 employees at the place of residence subject to social security contributions. There were three companies in the manufacturing sector and no companies in the main construction sector. In addition, in 1999 there were 23 farms with an agricultural area of ​​137 hectares, of which 108 hectares were arable land and six hectares were permanent green space.

Viticulture

Today Segnitz is a wine-growing area in the Franconian wine-growing region . A total of two vineyards exist around the village, the wine has been marketed under the names Segnitzer Pfaffensteig and Segnitzer Zobelsberg since the 1970s. Segnitz is part of the region Main south until 2017, the wineries in area were Maindreieck summarized. The limestone soils with loess loam layer around Segnitz are just as suitable for growing wine as the location in the Maingau climate zone, which is one of the warmest in Germany.

The people around Segnitz have been cultivating wine since the early Middle Ages . The Franconian settlers probably brought the vine to the Main in the 7th century. In the Middle Ages, the region was part of the largest contiguous wine-growing region in the Holy Roman Empire. The two Segnitzer site names refer to the lordly conditions of this time. The people mostly operated part-time viticulture for self-sufficiency , at the same time export centers were already emerging, especially along the Main. For a long time Segnitz was an important wine town, which also exported the products.

However, viticulture experienced a major decline after secularization at the beginning of the 19th century. Above all, locations with less favorable climatic conditions were completely abandoned. In addition, the emergence of pests such as phylloxera made cultivation difficult . The Franconian wine-growing region was not able to consolidate again until the second half of the 20th century. The use of fertilizers and improved cultivation methods had contributed to this, as had the organization in cooperatives and the land consolidation of the 1970s. In addition to vegetable growing, wine again characterizes the Segnitz community today.

Vineyard	Size 1993	Compass direction	Slope	Main grape varieties	Great location
Pfaffensteig	12 ha	south	25-30%	Silvaner	Kitzinger Councilor
Zobelsberg	12 ha	southeast	25-50%	Müller-Thurgau	Kitzinger Councilor

education

(Last updated 2012)

Although Segnitz no longer has its own schools, the educational situation is very favorable due to its proximity to the school town of Marktbreit and the university and college location of Würzburg, which can be reached by regional train from Marktbreit in 20 minutes

• Kindergarten: Until 1958, the political community took care of the Segnitz children's institution , which suffered from lack of space. To build a kindergarten, 95 Segnitzers founded a kindergarten association in 1957 . This became the Diakonieverein, later the Evangelical Kindergarten Association Segnitz e. V. Most of the financing comes from public taxes. Currently, three teachers (including the kindergarten management) are responsible for 27 kindergarten places in Segnitz.
• Primary and secondary school: In 1968 the three-class village school in Segnitz was closed, in which the 1st and 2nd grade, the 3rd and 4th grade and the 5th to 8th grades were each taught by one teacher. From September 1968 the Segnitz elementary and secondary school students attended the Christian Community School Marktbreit. Their successors in Marktbreit, elementary school and secondary school, are conveniently located only about one kilometer from the center of Segnitz.
• Leo-Weismantel-Realschule Marktbreit: This private Realschule is also less than a kilometer from the center of Segnitz.
• Marktbreit grammar school: It is located on the city limits of Marktbreit to Obernbreit, about two kilometers from Segnitz.
• State technical and vocational school in Kitzingen: ten kilometers from Segnitz in the district town of Kitzingen .

Personalities

• Samuel Spier (1838–1903), one of the most influential men of the early German democracy movement, friend and companion of Wilhelm Bracke and Wilhelm Liebknecht , taught as a young teacher at the Brussels Institute (1862–1864) and headed it from 1871–1881.
• Anna Spier , née Kaufmann (* July 16, 1852 Frankenthal id Pfalz † December 28, 1933 Göttingen), writer and art critic, married Samuel Spier on September 16, 1872 in Segnitz in a civil marriage, their three children were born in Segnitz.
• Aron, called Ettore Schmitz (1861–1928), literary pseudonym a. a. Italo Svevo , went to school for five school years, 1874–1878 in the Brussels Institute, as did his two brothers Adolfo and Elio.
• Simon Louis (actually Levi) Eichenberg (* 1829 Adelebsen near Göttingen, † 1889 Marktbreit), after studying in Göttingen and Würzburg in 1857 as a Dr. phil. doctorate, took over the boarding school named after the founder, his father-in-law Julius Brussels, in 1859 and made it known worldwide.
• Otto Driesen (1875–1941), diplomat, member of the Armistice Commission 1918, 1921–1938 head of the Philanthropin school in Frankfurt, author of Der Ursprung Des Harlequin (1904) and many others, was born in Segnitz.
• Johann Georg Krönlein (born March 19, 1826 Segnitz, † January 27, 1892 in Wynberg near Cape Town ), missionary, later mission superintendent in Namaland , was born in Segnitz, researched the Nama language , translated the Bible into this language and wrote the book printed in 1899 Khoi-Khoin (Namaqua-Hottentot) vocabulary . The place Krönlein in today's Namibia is named after him.
• Maria Magdalena Rott, née Krönlein (* 1833), married the missionary Ferdinand Rott in 1854, who was murdered by rebellious Dayaks in Borneo on May 7, 1859 with his eldest daughter and six missionary sisters . The pregnant woman and two children narrowly escaped and fled on a Dutch steamer, an adventure story that is recorded in two books from the 19th and 20th centuries.
• Hans Keesebrod the Elder Ä. (own spelling, today also Hans Kesenbrod , 1537-1616), stonemason and master builder, margrave mayor and reformer, lived in Segnitz for 40 years, directed a. a. the construction of the town hall in 1588 and the margravial office building in 1608.
• Johann Kesenbrod the Elder J. (* 1574 Ochsenfurt , † 1636 Lichtel near Oberrimbach ), son of the master builder and scholar ( Johannes Tyrartus ), was a. a. Vice-principal of the Latin School in Rothenburg, and left behind historically significant writings, including the first Segnitz chronicle with a biography of his father.
• Jörg Geuder (1861–1935) teacher, poet, writer and language carer, lived and worked for several years in Segnitz, where he wrote his book Gartenonkels Plaudereien , published in 1922 .
• Hannes Fabig (1939–2008) set designer, actor and director, was the keeper of Segnitz for 45 years .

literature

• Hans Ambrosi, Bernhard Breuer: German Vinothek: Franconia. Guide to the vineyards, winegrowers and their kitchens . Herford ² 1993.
• Hans Bauer: Old and new coats of arms in the Kitzingen district . In: Yearbook of the district of Kitzingen 1980. In the spell of the Schwanberg . Kitzingen 1980. pp. 53-70.
• Norbert Bischoff: Stories from the history of Segnitz. Local customers worldwide. Segnitz: Self-published 1999.
• Norbert Bischoff: "A thorn in the side of Catholic pastors: Protestants once lived on the Mönchhof" . Geuger No. 1. The Frickenhausen Journal. Segnitz: Zenos Verlag 1997, ISSN  1436-8862 .
• Norbert Bischoff: Old stories. (Series of publications) Segnitz: private printing 1994–2012, various editions.
• Johann Kaspar Bundschuh : Seegnitz . In: Geographical Statistical-Topographical Lexicon of Franconia . tape 5 : S-U . Verlag der Stettinische Buchhandlung, Ulm 1802, DNB  790364328 , OCLC 833753112 , Sp. 274-275 ( digitized version ).
• Bartholomäus Dietwar: Life of a Protestant pastor in the former margravial office of Kitzingen from 1592–1670, told by himself, at the same time a contribution to the history of the 30 Years War in Franconia. Kitzingen: J. Bedacht 1887.
• H. [arald] Frank: Segnitz in the 15th century: The great dispute about the little Anger. According to archival sources. Marktbreit: Siegfried Greß 1981, ISBN 3-920094-25-5 .
• H. [arald] Frank: Segnitz in the 16th century: law and order in a Franconian village. Marktbreit: Siegfried Greß 1982, ISBN 3-920094-33-6 .
• HM Hensel, N. Bischoff, H. Frank: Villa Segeniz. Pictures and stories from a village in Franconia. Segnitz: Zenos Verlag 1992, ISBN 978-3-931018-00-9 .
• Hans Michael Hensel (ed.), John Gatt-Rutter: Italo Svevo, Samuel Spiers pupil. With unpublished documents and a short biography of Samuel Spiers . Segnitz: Zenos Verlag 1996, ISBN 3-931018-55-5 .
• Hans Michael Hensel: “Samuel Spier, socialist. How Italo Svevo discovered Germany ” . - Pictures and Times (supplement to the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung ), Frankfurt am Main, April 29, 1995, 6.
• Johann Kesenbrod the Elder J .: Segnitzer statutes book , written down 1612–1616, with a biography of Hans Keesebrod, Nuremberg State Archives, signature AOA No. 3173.
• Tom Mahoney / Leonard Sloane: Great Merchants. From Tiffany to Woolworth. Düsseldorf: Econ 1970, 99-125, ISBN 3-430-16261-0 .
• Gottfried Stieber: Segnitz . In: Historical and topographical news from the Principality of Brandenburg-Onolzbach . Johann Jacob Enderes, Schwabach 1761, p. 753-755 ( digitized version ).

Web links

Commons : Segnitz  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• Entry on Segnitz's coat of arms  in the database of the House of Bavarian History

• Segnitz: Official statistics of the LfStat

Individual evidence

1. ↑ "Data 2" sheet, Statistical Report A1200C 202041 Population of the municipalities, districts and administrative districts 1st quarter 2020 (population based on the 2011 census) ( help ).
2. ↑ Hans Michael Hensel, Norbert Bischoff: Villa Segeniz. Pictures and stories from a village in Franconia. Edition Villa Segeniz (Zenos Verlag), Segnitz 1992.
3. ↑ resignation Rudolf Löhr health reasons , accessed on June 27, 2020
4. ^ Bauer, Hans: Old and new coats of arms in the district of Kitzingen . P. 66.
5. ^ Ambrosi, Hans (among others): German Vinothek: Franconia . Pp. 50-52.
6. ^ Government of Lower Franconia: Vineyards in Bavaria broken down by area , PDF file, accessed on May 16, 2019.
7. ^ Ambrosi, Hans (among others): German Vinothek: Franconia . P. 237.
8. ↑ Otto Brauns: The life, work and end of the Hanoverian missionary Ferdinand Rott who was murdered on Borneo. Hermannsburg 1861; Alfred Salomon : With the headhunters of Borneo. The life of Ferdinand Rott. Constance 1960.