Neumünster (Wuerzburg)

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Baroque facade of Neumünster Abbey, built 1711–1716
inner space

The Neumünster (also Neumünster St. Johannes Evangelist and St. John the Baptist ) is a former collegiate monastery ( Stift Neumünster , Kollegiatstift Neumünster ) and its church ( Neumünsterkirche ) in Würzburg in Bavaria in the diocese of Würzburg .

history

On the site of today's Neumünster, Bishop Megingaud von Würzburg (in office from 754 to February 769) probably built a memorial building that kept the memory of the martyrdom of Kilian , Kolonat and Totnan alive. In this church, Bishop Burkard (bishop from 741 to February 754 and died in February 755 in Homburg am Main) was buried by Megingaud and later also Megingaud himself. However, Megingaud died on September 26, 783 in Neustadt am Main monastery and the sandstone for his coffin undoubtedly came from quarries around Neustadt. The coffin is in the Neumünster crypt today. The inscription on his tombstone is the oldest monumental inscription in Franconia after Roman times.

Around 1057, Bishop Adalbero von Würzburg founded the Neumünster Abbey, consecrated to the Evangelist Johannes , with the support of the Polish Queen Richeza and the Counts of Rothenburg-Comburg (see Emehard ) . In 1653 Johann von Heppenheim was named vom Saal (1609–1672), Mainzer Domdekan , later also Chancellor of the University of Heidelberg , here elected provost. The end of the 17th century entirely remodeled Church of the pen came in 1803 during the secularisation of Bavaria owned by the state and served temporarily as a munitions depot, which is why in 1808 the Cross brotherhood her regular church from Neumünster into the Marienkapelle embarrassed had before 1821 returned to the Neumünsterkirche.

An independent church foundation for the Neumünster Church is approved by state authorities in 1883. A separate parish of Neumünster , separated from the cathedral parish , was not founded until 1907, after a separate branch church district had been established in 1901 . The establishment of the Neumünster parish took place under Bishop Ferdinand Schlör .

It has been a Catholic parish church since 1908 , with the patronage of St. John the Evangelist and St. John the Baptist. During the bombing raid on Würzburg on March 16, 1945 , the church was severely damaged. a. the altars in the western part of the church and the Franconian apostle busts of Tilman Riemenschneider were destroyed. Their reconstructions are now behind the altar table. After the reconstruction, the Neumünster Church took over the function of the bishop's church of the diocese of Würzburg from 1950 until the rebuilding of the cathedral in 1967 .

Architecture and equipment

Neumünster with west facade in front of the domed building
Epitaph of Johannes Trithemius by Tilman Riemenschneider , in the Neumünster Collegiate Foundation since 1825
Façade gable with figures designed by Jakob van der Auwerra, including Auwera's "Assunta"
Main altar

The Neumünster was built as a double-choir Romanesque basilica with two transepts, later redesigned in Baroque style and, instead of the west choir, provided with a high domed structure and a magnificent Baroque facade. The furnishings come from the brothers Johann Baptist and Dominikus Zimmermann , among others . Dominikus Zimmermann created mainly stucco decorations around 1720 (such as plaster inlay on the Boniface age, which was burned in 1945). Paintings (cycle of frescoes and oil paintings) by Johann Baptist Zimmermann (1732) and Nikolaus Stuber (1736) were largely lost, but were largely copied after 1945. The main altar with Johann Baptist Zimmermann's Johannes auf Patmos from 1724 has been preserved. The rich altar furnishings of the Neumünster Church also included (mostly burned in 1945) paintings by Anton Clemens Lünenschloß , Giovanni Conca (around 1690 - 1771) and Joseph Scheubel . Important works of art from the pre-baroque period are the Riemenschneider Madonna (1493), the tomb for Johannes Trithemius from the Schottenkirche St. Jakob, also created by Tilman Riemenschneider, and a Gothic plague cross from the 14th century.

In the years 1711 to 1716, under Prince-Bishop Johann Philipp von Greiffenclau zu Vollraths, the new dome building designed by the architect Joseph Greising was built over the alleged burial place of the Franconian apostles and on the forecourt of the dome building the extension of the possibly designed by Johann Dientzenhofer and by Greissing and / or other west facade of the collegiate church, realized between 1712 and 1716. This facade at today's Kürschnerhof , reminiscent of the design of the facade of the Turin Church of San Filippo Neri by Guarino Guarini , bears the inscription JOANNES PHILIPPUS EPISCOPUS , the name of the prince-bishop, in the center of the frieze of its main beam . On the frieze of the facade gable: SS. MM. CHILIANO ET SOCIIS PATRIAE PATRONIS (“The holy martyrs Kilian and his companions, the patrons of the fatherland”). The figurative decoration (the patron saints Johannes the Evangelist and John the Baptist, in between the Salvator mundi in the middle of the Franconian patrons, which have meanwhile been taken to Haug Abbey and replaced by copies, and underneath an Assunta, the admission of Mary to Heaven) on the Neumünster facade comes from the court sculptor Jakob van der Auwera (1672–1760), from whom a large crescent moon Madonna at Obere Johannitergasse 17 (today Domerpfarrgasse 10) originates from around 1713 . Jacob's son, Johann Wolfgang van der Auwera , also did work (destroyed in the firestorm of 1945) for Neumünster.

In the west crypt, which is directly accessible from the church interior through stairs or from the street, the Kiliansgruft , where Bishop Matthias Ehrenfried is also buried, since the redesign of the crypt on the occasion of the Kilians anniversary in 1989 in a shrine created in 1985 by the Westphalian artist Heinrich Gerhard Bücker the bones of the three Franconian apostles Kilian , Kolonat and Totnan . Two stone coffins from the 8th century are also housed in the Kilians crypt. The coffin of the second bishop Megingaud , who died on September 26, 783 in Neustadt am Main monastery, bears the oldest monumental inscription in Franconia after Roman times. The church was built on the alleged site of the bones. The source that is still there is considered to be miraculous. Since 1982 the Kilian crypt has also housed Georg Häfner's urn ; Karlheinz Oswald created the life-size statue of the priest and martyr, who was beatified in 2011 .

Renovation until 2009

In 2009, a two-year interior renovation and redesign was completed. Instead of the baroque altars in the dome, which were destroyed in 1945, two classicist former side altars from St. Kilian's Cathedral have been moved here. Modern works a. a. Integrated by Markus Fräger , Jacques Gassmann , Thomas Lange , Jürgen Lenssen , Michael Morgner , Ernst Singer , Michael Triegel , Hann Trier and Ben Willikens . High in the nave of the Neumünster are eight pictures in bright colors by Thomas Lange from the Gospel of John, depicting the life stages and miracles of Jesus .

During the renovation work in the neighboring cathedral from 2011 to 2012, the Neumünster Church was again temporarily the Bishop's Church of Würzburg.

Lusamgarten

Memorial stone for Walther von der Vogelweide and remains of the former cloister

On the north side of the church is the Lusamgärtchen , formerly a cloister of the Neumünster monastery and burial place, with a memorial stone by the sculptor Fried Heuler for Walther von der Vogelweide , who died in 1230 and who is most likely buried here. In this memorial stone there are four hollows for grains and water (for the birds).

The north wing of the former Romanesque cloister from around 1170, of which 16 arcades have been preserved, belongs to the Lusamgärtchen. Access is possible from Martinstrasse or through the church.

organ

organ

The large organ on the west gallery was built in 1949 by the organ construction company Klais (Bonn). The instrument has electric play and stop actions. In the course of a comprehensive renovation in 2009, the disposition was changed slightly. The transmission of the drone 32 'from the pedal to the main work is exceptional.

I Hauptwerk C – g 3
1. Drone (No. 41) 32 ′
2. Principal 16 ′
3. Drone 16 ′
4th octave 8th'
5. Open flute 8th'
6th Lovely Gedackt 8th'
7th Viola di gamba 8th'
8th. Super octave 4 ′
9. Coupling flute 4 ′
10. Pointed flute 2 ′
11. Mixture VI-VIII 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
12. Cornett V 8th'
13. Trumpet 16 ′
14th Trumpet 8th'
15th Celesta
II upper structure C – g 3
16. Principal 8th'
17th Reed flute 8th'
18th Viol flute 8th'
19th octave 4 ′
20th recorder 4 ′
21st Schwegel 2 ′
22nd Sif flute 1'
23. Sesquialter II 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
24. Scharff V – VI 1'
25th English horn 16 ′
26th Krummhorn 8th'
27. Trumpet 8th'
Tremulant
III Swell C – g 3
28. Wooden flute 8th'
29 Salicional 8th'
30th Vox coelestis 8th'
31. Principal 4 ′
32. Flute 4 ′
33. Nasard 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
34. Forest flute 2 ′
35. Night horn 1'
36. Terzian II 1 3 ⁄ 5  ′
37. Mixture IV-VI 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
38. bassoon 16 ′
39. oboe 8th'
40. Schalmey 4 ′
Tremulant
Pedal C – g 1
41. Pedestal 32 ′
42. Principal bass 16 ′
43. Sub bass 16 ′
44. Subtle bass 16 ′
45. Octavbass 8th'
46. Flute bass 8th'
47. Choral bass 4 ′
48. Flat flute 2 ′
49. Backset IV – VI 2 ′
50. trombone 16 ′
51. bassoon 16 ′
52. Bass trumpet 8th'
53. Clarine 4 ′
54. Singing Cornett 2 ′
  • Pairing :
    • Normal coupling: II / I, III / I, III / II, I / P, II / P, III / P
    • Sub-octave coupling (2009): II / I, III / III, III / I, III / II
    • Super octave coupling (2009): II / I, III / III, III / I, III / II
  • Remarks:
  1. ↑ a b c added 2002.
  2. ↑ Formerly: Rohrquint.
  3. ↑ Formerly: Cymbel.
  4. ↑ Formerly: Ranckett.
  5. ↑ From swell. Formerly: Trumpet 4 ′.
  6. ↑ Formerly: Trumpet 8 ′.

See also

literature

  • Jürgen Eminger: The Neumünster facade in Würzburg . Tuduv, Munich 1987, ISBN 3-88073-258-2 .
  • Stefan Kummer : Architecture and fine arts from the beginnings of the Renaissance to the end of the Baroque. In: Ulrich Wagner (Hrsg.): History of the city of Würzburg. 4 volumes; Volume 2: From the Peasants' War in 1525 to the transition to the Kingdom of Bavaria in 1814. Theiss, Stuttgart 2004, ISBN 3-8062-1477-8 , pp. 576–678 and 942–952, here: pp. 630–632, 640 f. , 644-646, 658, 661 f. and 946.
  • Rudolf Kuhn: Great guide through Würzburg Cathedral and Neumünster: with Neumünster cloister and Walther's grave. Stahel (Peter Gräbner), Würzburg 1968, p. 108.
  • Alfred Wendehorst : The Neumünster Abbey in Würzburg . Germania Sacra NF 26: The dioceses of the ecclesiastical province of Mainz. The Diocese of Würzburg 4. de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 1989, ISBN 3-11-012057-7 . ( online )

Web links

Commons : Neumünster (Würzburg)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Wilhelm Engel in: Willy Schmitt-Lieb, Wilhelm Engel: Würzburg in the picture. Wisli-Mappe, Würzburg 1956, p. 10.
  2. ↑ Wolfgang Weiss : The Catholic Church in the 19th Century. In: Ulrich Wagner (Hrsg.): History of the city of Würzburg. 4 volumes, Volume I-III / 2, Theiss, Stuttgart 2001-2007; III / 1–2: From the transition to Bavaria to the 21st century. 2007, ISBN 978-3-8062-1478-9 , pp. 430-449 and 1303, here: p. 434.
  3. ↑ Wolfgang Weiss : The Catholic Church in the 19th Century. In: Ulrich Wagner (Hrsg.): History of the city of Würzburg. 4 volumes, Volume I-III / 2, Theiss, Stuttgart 2001-2007; III / 1–2: From the transition to Bavaria to the 21st century. 2007, ISBN 978-3-8062-1478-9 , pp. 430-449 and 1303, here: p. 431.
  4. ^ Sybille Grübel: Timeline of the history of the city from 1814-2006. In: Ulrich Wagner (Hrsg.): History of the city of Würzburg. 4 volumes, Volume I-III / 2, Theiss, Stuttgart 2001-2007; III / 1–2: From the transition to Bavaria to the 21st century. Volume 2, 2007, ISBN 978-3-8062-1478-9 , pp. 1225-1247, here: pp. 1232 and 1235.
  5. ↑ Stefan Kummer: Architecture and fine arts from the beginnings of the Renaissance to the end of the Baroque. 2004, pp. 658 and 662.
  6. ↑ His name is in a document sunk in the foundation stone of the dome on June 18, 1711.
  7. ↑ Rudi Held: The facade of the Neumünster Church in Würzburg .
  8. ↑ Stefan Kummer: Architecture and fine arts from the beginnings of the Renaissance to the end of the Baroque. 2004, pp. 630-632, 640 f. (Plate 53) and 946.
  9. ↑ Stefan Kummer: Architecture and fine arts from the beginnings of the Renaissance to the end of the Baroque. 2004, pp. 644-646 and 664.
  10. ↑ Klaus Witt City: church and state in the 20th century. In: Ulrich Wagner (Hrsg.): History of the city of Würzburg. 4 volumes, Volume I-III / 2, Theiss, Stuttgart 2001-2007; III / 1–2: From the transition to Bavaria to the 21st century. 2007, ISBN 978-3-8062-1478-9 , pp. 453–478 and 1304 f., Here: pp. 475–478: The development at the end of the 20th century - the term of office of Bishop Paul-Werner Scheele (1979– 2003). P. 477.

Coordinates: 49 ° 47 '37.8 "  N , 9 ° 55' 53.7"  E