Martinsheim

coat of arms	Germany map
	Coordinates: 49 ° 37 '  N , 10 ° 9'  E
Basic data
State :	Bavaria
Administrative region :	Lower Franconia
County :	Kitzingen
Management Community :	Market wide
Height :	286 m above sea level NHN
Area :	23.23 km 2
Residents:	1000 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density :	43 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code :	97340
Primaries :	09332, 09339
License plate :	KT
Community key :	09 6 75 150
Community structure:	6 districts
Association administration address:	Marktstrasse 4 97340 Marktbreit
Website :	www.martinsheim.de
Mayor :	Rainer Ott (Free Association of Voters)
Location of the community Martinsheim in the district of Kitzingen

Martinsheim is a municipality in the Lower Franconian district of Kitzingen and a member of the Marktbreit administrative community .

geography

Geographical location

Martinsheim, a typical clustered village , is located in Lower Franconia on the border with Middle Franconia and is the southernmost municipality in the Kitzingen district between the Ochsenfurt Gau and the Steigerwald .

Community structure

Martinsheim consists of six districts:

• Enheim
• Enheimermühle
• Gnötzheim
• Martinsheim
• Martinsheimermühle
• Unterickelsheim

Neighboring communities

Neighboring communities are (starting from the north clockwise): Marktbreit , Obernbreit , Seinsheim , Ippesheim and Oberickelsheim .

Natural location

Martinsheim and its districts are located in two natural areas that are both part of the Ochsenfurter and the Gollachgau. The Ifftal area with its steep stream valleys juts out to the north of the municipality . The larger part of the area is, however, in the higher Ochsenfurt-Uffenheimer Gäufläche .

history

Until the church is planted

The area of ​​today's Martinsheim seems to have been settled 3000 years ago in the Neolithic Age. The discovery of a stone ax from the Neolithic Age testifies to this.

The patron saint of the place is St. Martin , one of the most important saints for Franks and patron of the no longer existing St. Martin's Chapel outside the village.

From 1448 to 1791 Martinsheim belonged to the Six Main Villages (Marktsteft, Obernbreit, Martinsheim, Gnodstadt, Oberickelsheim, Sickershausen), which were closely related economically. In 1528 the Protestant creed was accepted in Martinsheim. In March 1636, during the Thirty Years' War, 40 courtyards, the church, the town hall, the schoolhouse and the rectory were destroyed by a major fire. The cause was glowing pieces of coal that a girl had lost in the churchyard. Therefore only a few documents exist from the time before the war. The church was rebuilt between 1667 and 1677.

Martinsheim fell in the Treaty of Paris (February 1806) with the Principality of Ansbach , which had become Prussian in 1792 and which was part of the Franconian Empire from 1500 , through an exchange to the Kingdom of Bavaria . In the course of the administrative reforms in Bavaria, today's municipality was created with the municipal edict of 1818 .

20th century

On March 28, 1945, the church fell victim to American bombs. Today's village church (Burchardiskirche) was built between 1947 and 1950 in the neo-Romanesque style.

In 1978 Martinsheim became part of the Marktbreit administrative association.

Incorporations

Map of the Martinsheim districts

On May 1, 1978, the previously independent communities Enheim, Gnötzheim and Unterickelsheim were incorporated.

Martinsheim

The village with the name "Mercenesheim", first mentioned in the 9th century in Würzburg sources, was more likely to go back to a local founder Merceno from the Merovingian era than to a Martinskirche, which Weigel regards as the primordial cell, which has disappeared on the eastern edge of the village. The first written mention in the traditional note of the noble Walah to the diocese of Würzburg does not have a date, but based on the witnesses it can be dated to the years 815 to 835 AD.

According to the noblemen of Endsee (1226), the lords of Hohenlohe-Brauneck gained a foothold there around 1300 and also ruled the subjects of the Würzburg cathedral provost. The place came from her heirs in 1448 as one of the Six Main Villages, including the Creglingen office, to the margraviate of Brandenburg-Ansbach and, with her, to Bavaria in 1806. A local nobility of its own is only vaguely visible from 1290 to 1357. Further noble houses of the marriage home and Tanner were in the church castle of St. Burkhard, which was demolished in 1821. This medieval church was largely rebuilt after the Reformation and multiple fires in 1949 and originally belonged to the Gnodstadt parish. A relatively large number of craftsmen in the village has been striking since the Middle Ages. In 1857 the place came to Lower Franconia.

In 1961 and 1962 the old school was replaced by a new building. In 1978 it formed one of the foundations for the upgrading as the seat of a new municipality with four villages.

Enheim

The establishment of the early Franconian settlement Ehenheim in the 6th century has been archaeologically secured since the excavations of the associated row burial ground in 1994/96. The village itself was first mentioned in 1230 with its local nobility of the von Ehenheim family . This family spread from their (disappeared) ancestral seat as Hohenloher, later Würzburg and Ansbach service men in Franconia (19 lines around 1350) and died out in 1645 in the male line.

The town itself came from the Lords of Hohenlohe (1308) on yet unexplained way in 1448 at Brandenburg-Ansbach and was designed by the Marquis 1474-1599 to the Lords of Ehenheim awarded before it was administered to 1806/1857 by the Office of Uffenheim.

The Church of St. Maria became its own parish in 1366. In 1860 the church building was replaced by a large neo-Gothic church and today belongs again to the mother parish of Gnodstadt. The village experienced a certain boom after the Reformation (1552) as a manor and then again in the 18th century, from which some buildings in the margrave rococo have been preserved (rectory 1756, town hall 1786).

The image of the place, which has belonged to Lower Franconia since 1857, is today characterized by the large sandstone houses of a local construction company with its own quarry in the first third of the 20th century. The close connection to the A 7 autobahn and the development of a building area on Gnodstadter Strasse have increased the number of residents over the past 30 years.

Gnötzheim

In 1137 the place was first mentioned as heir of Willanzheim nobleman Gerung in a dispute with the Würzburg cathedral chapter and around 1300 it formed an office of the cathedral provost. Most of the place, however, belonged to the manor of the noble families von Seinsheim (1300 / 1327–1387), von Seckendorff (1390–1426) and von Rosenberg (1426–1632) before it came to the Counts of Schwarzenberg after their extinction in 1646 .

Subsequently colored woodcut by Hans Wandereisen: oldest representation of the castle complex

From Gnötzheim Castle (1418, 1523, 1645), which was destroyed several times, there is still a tithe barn built in 1562 and a round tower. The oldest view of the building complex is the woodcut from 1523 of the siege by the Swabian Federation .

The important Romanesque church from the 12th century was redesigned in the late Gothic and Renaissance style and still contains two Rosenberg tombstones from the 16th century.

While a market survey in the middle of the 14th century failed due to the Hohenlohe-Brauneck's objection , the connection to the Würzburg-Ansbach railway in 1867 gave the place greater economic importance.

Until the district reform, which took effect on July 1, 1972, Gnötzheim belonged to the district of Uffenheim (Middle Franconia). Gnötzheim has had an outdoor pool since 1976.

Unterickelsheim

The common primordial cell of the neighboring towns of Oberickelsheim and Unterickelsheim was the “Itolfesheim”, known in the 9th century, which at that time belonged to the Fulda monastery . Around 1170 came assets of Edelfreien of Endsee and from Neuchâtel to the monastery Kitzingen, the 1245 one Vorwerk operation and a mill in Unterickelsheim. The ownership of the Würzburg cathedral chapter in Oberickelsheim (8 large courtyards) and Unterickelsheim (2 large courtyards) could go back to the extensive donation from nobleman Gerung von Willanzheim before 1137. Because he handed over accessories to the canons in Gnötzheim, which was then the official seat of the Ober- and Unterickelsheimer Höfe around 1270. According to the current state of research, the two Ickelsheim locations were only clearly separated from each other in the written sources around 1250. As in the other Main villages, the noble lords of Hohenlohe-Brauneck were able to achieve bailiwick and village rule in Oberickelsheim at least around 1300, in Unterickelsheim they had at least customs and escort rights in 1365. The village came to the Zobel as a manor until 1390 and from there to the Margraves of Brandenburg-Ansbach in 1431 and was administered from Uffenheim until 1806/1972 .

The originally late Romanesque St. Nicholas' Church was changed in the Gothic style and in 1453 its own parish. Associated with Geißlingen after the Reformation, it was enlarged in 1759; at the same time a rectory was built.

politics

mayor

• 1948–1964: Ernst Falk ( FDP )
• 1964–2003: Erich Ott
• 2003–2014: August Hopf ( Free Voters )
• from 2014: Rainer Ott (Free Voting Association); he was nominated by four groups of voters in 2020 and re-elected with 90.8% of the vote.

coat of arms

Blazon : “Quartered; 1: embedding silver and black; 2: Divided, above five times split from silver and blue, below divided and in mixed colors five times split from red and silver; 3: In silver, three two-to-one red balls; 4: A silver bar in black. "

Foundation of the coat of arms: In 1978 the formerly independent communities Martinsheim, Gnötzheim, Enheim and Unterickelsheim merged to form today's community Martinsheim. There are references to these four places in the coat of arms. The crossing of silver and black in the first field represents the town of Martinsheim. It is the coat of arms of the Margraves of Ansbach, who owned the place from 1440 to 1792. The second field indicates the community part Gnötzheim. The place received market rights in 1352 by Emperor Karl IV. The rulership then had the lords of Seinsheim, who passed it on to the lords of Rosenberg by marriage in 1632. When these died out in 1632, the Counts of Schwarzenberg took over local rule. The multiple divisions of silver and blue come from the coats of arms of the Lords of Seinsheim and Schwarzenberg. The lower part is the coat of arms of Herr von Rosenberg. Unterickelsheim is represented in the third field by the three red balls, the attributes of St. Nicholas. The local church is consecrated to him. The fourth field indicates the district of Enheim. It is the coat of arms of the Lords of Enheim, who died out at the end of the 17th century. The coat of arms was awarded by the government of Lower Franconia on August 26, 1988.

	Enheim coat of arms
	Blazon : "A silver bar in black, on top of which is a red bordered heart shield, quartered in silver and black."
	Reasons for the coat of arms: The coat of arms goes into all elements of the history of the village of Enheim. The silver bar refers to the Lords of Enheim, whose coat of arms also shows this figure. The coat of arms of the Margraves of Brandenburg-Ansbach, on the other hand, shows a silver-black-quartered shield. The red shield border was added for aesthetic reasons.

Architectural monuments

→ Main article : List of architectural monuments in Martinsheim

Economy and Infrastructure

Economy including agriculture and forestry

In 1998, according to official statistics, there were no employees at the place of work subject to social insurance contributions in the manufacturing industry and in trade and transport. There were 301 employees subject to social security contributions at the place of residence. There were none in the manufacturing sector and three in the construction sector.

• Artisanal businesses:
  • 1956: 17
  • 1968: 10
  • 1977: 05
  • 2006: 04
• Agriculture and Forestry:
  • 1971: 142
  • 1977: 133
  • 1979: 129
  • 1999: 078
  • 2006:?

The district of Martinsheim covers 812 hectares, of which 50 hectares are forest and 3 hectares are wine-growing area.

Viticulture

Martinsheim is now a wine-growing area in the Franconian wine-growing region . There is a vineyard around the village, the wine has been marketed under the name Martinsheimer Langenstein since the 1970s. Martinsheim is part of the region Main south until 2017, the wineries in area were Maindreieck summarized. The Keuper soils with a high proportion of clay are also suitable for growing wine, as is the location in the Maingau climate zone, which is one of the warmest in Germany.

The people around Martinsheim have been viticulture since the early Middle Ages . The Franconian settlers probably brought the vine to the Main in the 7th century. The vine was first mentioned in 1293. In the Middle Ages, the region was part of the largest contiguous wine-growing region in the Holy Roman Empire. The people mostly operated part-time viticulture for self-sufficiency , at the same time export centers were already emerging, especially along the Main.

Viticulture experienced a major decline after secularization at the beginning of the 19th century. Above all, locations with less favorable climatic conditions were completely abandoned. In addition, the emergence of pests such as phylloxera made cultivation difficult . The Franconian wine-growing region was not able to consolidate again until the second half of the 20th century. The use of fertilizers and improved cultivation methods had contributed to this, as had the organization in cooperatives and the land consolidation of the 1970s.

Vineyard	Size 1993	Compass direction	Slope	Main grape varieties	Great location
Langenstein	2.3 ha	southwest	5%	Müller-Thurgau , Bacchus	large-scale free

Public facilities

• Primary school: founded in 1549, since the time of the Reformation
• Kindergarten: founded in 1949, new building in 2000
• Outdoor swimming pool in Gnötzheim
• Sports home with restaurant (run by the population)
• Youth room: run by the Bavarian Young Farmers Martinsheim, renovated in 2007/08

Personalities

• Käthe Günther (1873–1933) politician (DDP), 1920 member of the Presidium of the Bavarian State Parliament; born in Gnötzheim
• Ernst Falk (1914–1994) politician (FDP), mayor and member of the state parliament; born in Unterickelsheim.

literature

• Hans Ambrosi, Bernhard Breuer: German Vinothek: Franconia. Guide to the vineyards, winegrowers and their kitchens . Herford ² 1993.
• Johann Kaspar Bundschuh : Martinsheim . In: Geographical Statistical-Topographical Lexicon of Franconia . tape 3 : I-Ne . Verlag der Stettinische Buchhandlung, Ulm 1801, DNB  790364301 , OCLC 833753092 , Sp. 457 ( digitized version ).
• Gottfried Stieber: Martinsheim . In: Historical and topographical news from the Principality of Brandenburg-Onolzbach . Johann Jacob Enderes, Schwabach 1761, p. 580 ( digitized version ).

Web links

Commons : Martinsheim  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• Entry on the coat of arms of Martinsheim  in the database of the House of Bavarian History

• Martinsheim: Official statistics of the LfStat

swell

• Municipal statistics 2013 (PDF; 1.6 MB) Martinsheim. Bavarian State Office for Statistics and Data Processing, June 2014, accessed on September 22, 2014 . 

Individual evidence

1. ↑ "Data 2" sheet, Statistical Report A1200C 202041 Population of the municipalities, districts and administrative districts 1st quarter 2020 (population based on the 2011 census) ( help ).
2. ↑ http://www.bayerische-landesbibliothek-online.de/orte/ortssuche_action.html ? Anzeige=voll&modus=automat&tempus=[phone]/170813&attr=OBJ&val= 1664
3. ↑ See on Gnötzheim: Claudia Löffler: Gnötzheim. in: Count Jesko zu Dohna and Robert Schuh (eds.): In the footsteps of the princes of Schwarzenberg. Scheinfeld 2006, pp. 114–115
4. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer GmbH, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 748 .
5. ↑ Mercenesheim - On the first documentary mention of Martinsheim (815/835) W.Stadelmann, In: Yearbook for the district of Kitzingen (2018) pp. 217-223
6. ↑ ^{a b} H. Bauer: Kitzingen district, an art and culture guide. Kitzingen 1986, p. 96
7. ^ E. Bünz Die Herren von Endsee in: Zeitschrift für Bayerische Landesgeschichte 59, Issue 2, 1996, pp. 420, 441
8. ↑ F. Mägerlein: Das Maindorf Martinsheim in: Im Bannkreis des Schwanbergs 1981, pp. 213-222 and 1982, pp. 210-218
9. ^ O. Selzer: Martinsheim in: H. Bauer: Landkreis Kitzingen . Kitzingen 1984, p. 583 f.
10. ^ W. Stadelmann: The Lords of Ehenheim. Part I (1230-1450), MS, pp. 608 f.
11. ↑ H. Weber: Historischer Atlas von Bayern, Teil Franken Heft 16, Kitzingen, Munich 1967, pp. 19, 22 f., 50, 70, 169, 218
12. ^ A. Wendehorst: The Diocese of Würzburg. Part I, The Bishops' Line until 1254 . Berlin 1962, p. 41
13. ^ O. Selzer: Enheim, in: H. Bauer: Landkreis Kitzingen. Kitzingen 1984, p. 584 f.
14. ^ W. Stadelmann: A walk through the history of Enheims. Schwarzenbruck 1994
15. ^ W. Stadelmann: From Ehenheim to Enheim. Booklet documentation for the 775th anniversary celebration 2005, Schwarzenbruck 2006
16. ^ H. Weber: Historical Atlas of Bavaria, part of Franconia. Issue 16, Kitzingen, Munich 1967, pp. 51, 63 f., 70, 161, 218
17. ^ H. Bauer: District of Kitzingen, an art and culture guide. Kitzingen 1986, p. 97
18. ↑ H. Graef, H. Wilhelm: 100 years of volunteer fire brigade Gnötzheim. 1980
19. ^ E. Fuchshuber: Historical book of place names Bavaria, Lk Uffenheim. P. 72 ff., No. 46
20. ↑ Monumenta Boica, Volume 37, No. 82; Volume 38, No. 140
21. ^ Regesta Herbipolensa III, No. 326
22. ^ O. Selzer: Gnötzheim. in: H. Bauer: District of Kitzingen. Kitzingen 1984, p. 585 f.
23. ↑ State Archives Würzburg: Stand Book 823, fol. 39; Stand book 834, fol. 314f; Stand book 835, fol. 194
24. ↑ Th. Steinmetz: Conterfei several acts of war from 1523 to 1527. In: Contributions to the history of the Odenwald. IV, Breuberg 1986, p. 375 f. and Fig. VIII
25. ↑ Monumenta Boica 37, No. 82
26. ^ W. Engel: The oldest land register of the Würzburg Dompropstei, in: Würzburger Diözesangeschichtsblätter. 18/19 (1956/57) p. 25
27. ^ E. Fuchshuber: Historical book of place names Bavaria, Lk Uffenheim. P. 152, no. 105 and p. 204, no. 143
28. ^ E. Fuchshuber: Historical book of place names Bavaria, Lk Uffenheim. P. 204, No. 143.
29. ↑ State Archives Würzburg, Standbuch 832, fol. 174
30. ^ H. Bauer: District of Kitzingen, an art and culture guide. Kitzingen 1986, p. 97 f.
31. ^ E. Bünz: The Lords of Endsee. In: Journal for Bavarian State History. 59, No. 2, 1996, p. 416 f., 441
32. ^ E. Fuchshuber: Historical book of place names Bavaria, Lk Uffenheim. Pp. 204 f., No. 143. The documents from 1171, 1178 and 1245 in the Ortartikel Oberickelsheim, p. 152, no. 105 actually refer to Unterickelsheim because there was only a mill there and only here later was the property of the monastery Kitzingen can be proven
33. ^ Leikert: For our communities in the deanery Uffenheim. Issue 2, 1995
34. ^ O. Selzer: Unterickelsheim. in: H. Bauer: District of Kitzingen. Kitzingen 1984, p. 586 f.
35. ↑ State Archives Würzburg, Standbuch 832, fol. 174; Stand book 839, fol. 187
36. ↑ Entry on the Martinsheim coat of arms  in the database of the House of Bavarian History
37. ^ Ambrosi, Hans (among others): German Vinothek: Franconia . Pp. 50-52
38. ↑ Government of Lower Franconia: Vineyards in Bavaria broken down by area ( Memento of the original from July 28, 2018 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , PDF file, accessed May 16, 2019 
39. ^ Ambrosi, Hans (among others): German Vinothek: Franconia . P. 237