Rödelsee

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coat of arms Germany map
Coat of arms of the Rödelsee community
Rödelsee
Map of Germany, position of the municipality Rödelsee highlighted

Coordinates: 49 ° 44 '  N , 10 ° 15'  E

Basic data
State : Bavaria
Administrative region : Lower Franconia
County : Kitzingen
Management Community : Iphofen
Height : 236 m above sea level NHN
Area : 11.5 km 2
Residents: 1822 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density : 158 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code : 97348
Area code : 09323
License plate : KT
Community key : 09 6 75 161
LOCODE : DE JG8
Community structure: 3 districts
Address of the
municipal administration: 		At the churches 2
97348 Rödelsee
Website : www.roedelsee.de
Mayor : Burkhard Klein ( CSU )
Location of the community Rödelsee in the district of Kitzingen
Landkreis Bamberg Landkreis Schweinfurt Landkreis Würzburg Landkreis Neustadt an der Aisch-Bad Windsheim Wiesenbronn Segnitz Rüdenhausen Rödelsee Obernbreit Martinsheim Marktsteft Markt Einersheim Marktbreit Mainstockheim Mainbernheim Kleinlangheim Kitzingen Geiselwind Castell (Unterfranken) Buchbrunn Albertshofen Abtswind Willanzheim Wiesentheid Volkach Sulzfeld am Main Sommerach Seinsheim Schwarzach am Main Prichsenstadt Nordheim am Main Iphofen Großlangheim Dettelbach Biebelried Landkreis Haßbergemap
About this picture
The wine village of Rödelsee at the foot of the Schwanberg
Rödelsee town hall with the two churches. The bronze swan belonging to the town hall fountain was stolen in July 2012.

Rödelsee is a wine-growing community in the Lower Franconian district of Kitzingen and a member of the Iphofen administrative community . The former neighboring community of Fröhstockheim is now a district of Rödelsee.

geography

Geographical location

Rödelsee lies at the foot of the Schwanberg at an altitude of 230 meters above sea ​​level . Despite the community's membership in the Iphofen administrative community , Rödelsee is politically independent.

Community structure

Rödelsee is divided into three districts:

Neighboring communities

Neighboring communities are (starting from the north clockwise): Großlangheim , Wiesenbronn , Iphofen , Mainbernheim and Kitzingen .

Natural structure

Rödelsee and its districts are part of three different natural areas, two of which are attributed to the Steigerwald foreland. Fröhstockheim is located in the Mainbernheim plain with its gently rolling stream valleys and the Lettenkeuperböden. Rödelsee itself is located at the foot of the eponymous mountain in the higher Schwanberg foreland . The Schwanberg is the namesake for a subunit in the northern part of the Steigerwald

history

Until the 19th century

Presumably under the leadership of Rodilo or Rotel , a settlement was already established here at the time of the Franconian conquest . The place name was developed based on its name.

The place was first mentioned in 1040. Emperor Heinrich III. gave the village of Rotiense to the monastery in Kitzingen . In 1271, Count Hermann II zu Castell exchanged “a vineyard in Rödelsee on Swaneboum for a vineyard in the Ebrach monastery on Blozenbuhel. His son Friedrich approved a donation of vineyards ... to the Teutonic Order House in Würzburg in 1293. “The local nobleman Konrad Fuchs von Rödelsee was named as the fief of the Lords of Hohenlohe and residents of the Wasserburg am Dorfsee in 1280; in the 14th century it was the Knights of Wenkheim. In 1573 possessions came to Crailsheim via Berlichingen and Heßberg. The castles of Rödelsee, in the nearby Fröhstockheim and on the Schwanberg fell victim to the anger of rebellious farmers in 1525. But all were rebuilt. Around 1600 there were four village lords: the Würzburg bishopric (in Würzburg the canon court Rödelsee was located at today's Paradeplatz), the Ebrach abbey , the counts of Castell-Rüdenhausen and the later barons of Crailsheim . Each village authority had its own representative, the mayor . He had a key to the parish chest with the important documents. Only together, i.e. H. with four keys, they could open them. The mayor of the Hochstift Würzburg was in the chair. In their residences, the village lords have survived to this day:

  • In 1614 Friedrich von Crailsheim built a "worthy residence" in Rödelsee, Crailsheim Castle, which has been preserved to this day.
  • Around 1616 the Ebracher Hof was built as a tithe house.
  • In 1648 the official court of the Counts of Castell was built, the current Gasthaus zum Goldenen Löwen.

After the Reformation was introduced by the Margraves of Ansbach, all residents were Protestant until 1624. From 1627 onwards, the Würzburg Monastery and the Ebrach Monastery began to implement the Counter-Reformation. “In 1641 there was hardly a resident to be found in town. ... There were only ruins and weeds as high as a man. An inventory from 1648 reads: Everything is barren, no fields built, nothing to enjoy! ”At the end of the Thirty Years War , the villagers who had fled to safe places returned. They agreed on a Simultaneum in 1651 . When the tower of the Simultankirche collapsed in 1770, each of the two denominations decided to build their own house of worship.

Finally, after the changing rulers of Bavaria, Prussia and France, the place came to the Grand Duchy of Würzburg in 1810 and to the Kingdom of Bavaria in 1814 as part of the main Imperial Deputation . Rödelsee has been part of the Kitzingen district since 1862 .

Administrative community

The Iphofen administrative community , which includes Iphofen and Rödelsee as well as Markt Einersheim and Markt Willanzheim , was created in the course of the Bavarian regional reform in 1978.

Incorporations

On May 1, 1978, the previously independent community of Fröhstockheim was incorporated .

politics

mayor

Burkhard Klein (CSU) has been mayor since June 10, 2002; he was elected on March 15, 2020 with 72.5% of the vote for a further six years.

Municipal council

Due to the number of inhabitants, the municipal council has twelve members plus the mayor. In the 2020 to 2026 term of office, it will be composed as follows:

coat of arms

DEU Rödelsee COA.svg
 Blazon : "In red a swan turned to the left, below on the left a golden grape with a golden vine leaf."
Founding of the coat of arms: The municipality has only had a coat of arms since 1969. It refers to the local conditions. Wine growing in the municipality is known far beyond the municipality. For him the golden grape stands in the coat of arms. The silver swan is also a reference to viticulture. It refers to the well-known Schwanleite vineyard and to the Schwanberg with the Schwanbergschloss built by the Würzburg monastery. Only the residential buildings of the castle are preserved today. The colors silver and red are the colors of Franconia and the Hochstift Würzburg. The coat of arms was awarded by the Ministry of the Interior on August 11, 1969.
Coat of arms of Fröhstockheim
Coat of arms Froehstockheim.png
 Blazon : “Split by black and gold; in front above golden ground a golden frog, behind a rooted black tree stick. "
Justification for the coat of arms: The coat of arms is taken from a court seal from 1651. Both figures refer to the place name, with the prefix Fröh- symbolized by the frog. The tinging refers to the coat of arms of the Lords of Crailsheim, who ruled the village since the 17th century.

Culture and sights

Local museum

In Elfleins-Häusla you can visit a completely preserved forge, the associated apartment and stables from the beginning of the last century.

Administrative courts

The Löwenhof is now a restaurant and, as the former Castellsches Amtshaus , had a decisive influence on the appearance of the place and is a protected architectural monument. The Ebracher Hof dates back to the 17th century and was extensively renovated in 1712.

Jewish traces

Already in 1585 there was a Jewish community with 18 families in Rödelsee. The Fürstlich Castell'schen Archive holds documents on disputes between the village lords and the barons of Crailsheim over the admission of Jews. A synagogue was built with a Jewish school and an employed teacher. Due to its good reputation, this institution also brought students from the wider area such as Frankfurt to the small town. Other facilities of the Jewish community in Rödelsee were the ritual bath and the central cemetery .

After 1870/80 the number of Jewish residents decreased, as many migrated to Kitzingen and other cities. The synagogue, which was renewed in 1851, could only be poorly preserved by the few remaining. Finally the Jewish community was dissolved in 1907/1908. During the November pogrom in 1938, the synagogue was desecrated, the furniture taken out and burned outside the building. When the remains of the building were very dilapidated, a residential building was built after the demolition on the property at Alte Iphöfer Strasse 8.

Burial places

Jewish Cemetery

The Jewish cemetery of Rödelsee

Of the facilities of the Jewish community, the Rödelsee Jewish cemetery is one of the most important sights today. It was laid out in the 15th century and is one of the largest Jewish cemeteries in Bavaria with over 2500 tombstones.

Rödelsee cemetery

The old cemetery around the Protestant church was used simultaneously until 1730. However, the new cemetery had already been laid out in 1680. It was expanded in 1826, 1951 and 1980. In the last year the modern morgue was built.

Schwanberg

Castles

Crailsheim's Castle Fröhstockheim

The small village lake near the town hall is left over from the moated castle in Rödelsee. Initially used by Konrad Fuchs von Rödelsee, then by the knights of Wenkheim, the castle remained in the possession of the von Heßberg family until around 1614. This fortification was looted and burned down during the Peasants' War in 1525. Eventually the buildings fell into disrepair; Jud Polack only lived in the tower in 1671. Part of the moat was filled in and the island disappeared. The residence of a second line of the von Crailsheim aristocratic family in Rödelsee was in such poor condition that Friedrich von Crailsheim had a representative residence built for himself in 1614. In 1954 it became the property of the wine cooperative. In Crailsheim Castle in Rödelsee today is a wine gallery.

On the nearby, geologically interesting, 474 meter high Schwanberg of the Steigerwald is a castle with a park that is well worth seeing.

The large moated castle in the Fröhstockheim district is privately owned.

Churches

Already in 1190 there was a church in "Rotelse in episcopatu Wirzburgensis". It was dedicated to Saint Bartholomew . He is considered the patron saint of winemakers. This previous church was consecrated by the Eichstatt Bishop Otto von Hirschberg. In the confessional disputes of the changing village lords, the church, which was used simultaneously, fell apart and had to be demolished in 1770 after the collapse of the tower, which destroyed the altar. The believers decided to build two churches.

Evangelical St. Bartholomew Church

Evangelical Church of St. Bartholomew

On the site of the old church, the Protestant residents built their church in 1780 as a typical Protestant church in the margrave style . The staggered components of the altar and pulpit organ are characteristic of this architectural style.

Catholic St. Bartholomew Church

Catholic Church of St. Bartholomew

The Roman Catholic Church was built a few years after the Protestant one in 1783. A three-storey facade tower divides the church. The patron Bartholomäus stands in a niche in the tower. The interior has an altar and several figures of saints.

Architectural monuments

Say

During the Thirty Years' War , the village was frequented by swept through Swedish troops. Once a group of soldiers were on their way to the Schwanberg when they passed an old crucifix. One of the Swedes cut off the head of the figure of Christ amid the laughter of the other. At the foot of the mountain, the Swede fell so unhappily that he broke his neck and died. Always on the anniversary of his crime, he can be seen as a headless rider in front of the wayside shrine . He lays his head at the feet of the image of Christ.

Regular events

  • Rödelsee Spring, last weekend in April
  • Schwandertag, special hiking day on May 1st
  • Schlossschoppenfest, third Sunday in June
  • Wine festival, first weekend in July
  • Parish fair, first Sunday in September
  • Thanksgiving market, first Sunday in October
  • Christkindles workshops, last weekend in November

Economy and Infrastructure

Viticulture and tourism are two important economic pillars of today's place, in which there are no major industrial companies.

Viticulture

View of Rödelsee from the vineyards

Today Rödelsee is an important wine-growing area in the Franconian wine-growing region . There are a total of two vineyards around the village, the wine has been marketed under the names Rödelseer Küchenmeister and Rödelseer Schwanleite since the 1970s. In addition, the place is the lead community of the Großlage Rödelseer Schloßberg . Rödelsee is part of the Schwanberger Land area, until 2017 the winemakers were grouped together in the Steigerwald area. The gypsum keuper soils around Rödelsee are also suitable for growing wine, as is the location in the Maingau climate zone, which is one of the warmest in Germany.

The people around Rödelsee have been growing wine since the early Middle Ages . The Franconian settlers probably brought the vine to the Main in the 7th century. The "Swanliten" (Schwanleite) was first mentioned in a document in 1295 and the master chef in 1360, which were still in use today, among others, so already known in the Middle Ages. In the Middle Ages, the region was part of the largest contiguous wine-growing region in the Holy Roman Empire. The people mostly operated part-time viticulture for self-sufficiency , at the same time export centers were already emerging, especially along the Main.

Viticulture experienced a major decline after secularization at the beginning of the 19th century. Above all, locations with less favorable climatic conditions were completely abandoned. In addition, the emergence of pests such as phylloxera made cultivation difficult . The Franconian wine-growing region was not able to consolidate again until the second half of the 20th century. The use of fertilizers and improved cultivation methods had contributed to this, as had the organization in cooperatives and the land consolidation of the 1970s. In 1969 there was already 101 hectares of vineyards in Rödelsee.

The visitor is also clearly pointed out to the wine when walking through the modern place. The top wines get their type and strength from the mineral-rich gypsum keuper marl. Since almost half of the growing area is now planted with the Silvanerrebe , Rödelsee is colloquially known as "Silvanerecke". With Karoline Hartmann, Rödelsee produced the German wine queen of 1958. The place also hosts one of the larger wine festivals in the area, which always takes place on the first weekend in July.

Vineyard Size 1993 Size 2019 Compass direction Slope Main grape varieties Great location
Kitchen master 75 ha 75 ha Northwest 10-40% Müller-Thurgau Rödelsee Castle Hill
Schwanleite 40 ha 38 ha Northwest 10-40% Müller-Thurgau Rödelsee Castle Hill

tourism

The Schwanberg and the extensive network of vineyard trails and cycle routes offer tourists a wide range of leisure activities. Several hiking trails have also been designated in the vicinity of the village. The exercise course behind Crailsheim Castle was designed for all generations. There are also a number of options for refreshments and overnight stays.

Sports

Nationally known is the TSV Rödelsee , whose men's handball team in 2013 in the 3. Liga has risen.

Personalities

literature

  • Hans Ambrosi , Bernhard Breuer: German Vinothek: Franconia. Guide to the vineyards, winegrowers and their kitchens . Herford 2 1993.
  • Friedrich Amberger, Fritz Ortner: Rödelsee community: Rödelsee Fröhstockheim Schwanberg Castle then and now in words and pictures . Ed .: Municipality of Rödelsee. Druckhaus Goldammer, Scheinfeld 1987.
  • Hans Bauer: Old and new coats of arms in the Kitzingen district . In: Yearbook of the district of Kitzingen 1980. In the spell of the Schwanberg . Kitzingen 1980. pp. 53-70.
  • Jesko Graf zu Dohna (Ed.): In the footsteps of the Counts of Castell . Vier Türme GmbH, Benedict Press, Münsterschwarzach 2004.
  • Johann Ludwig Klarmann: The Steigerwald in the past. A contribution to Franconian cultural studies . Gerolzhofen 2 1909.
  • Johann Ludwig Klarmann, Karl Spiegel: Legends and sketches from the Steigerwald. Reprint of the 1912 edition . Neustadt an der Aisch 1982.
  • Rödelsee community (publisher): Schwanberg Rödelsee Fröhstockheim ... the hospitable winegrowing community in the Franconian wine country . 2009.

Web links

Commons : Rödelsee  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ "Data 2" sheet, Statistical Report A1200C 202041 Population of the municipalities, districts and administrative districts 1st quarter 2020 (population based on the 2011 census) ( help ).
  2. ↑ bayerische-landesbibliothek-online.de
  3. ^ Friedrich Amberger, Fritz Ortner: Community Rödelsee: Rödelsee Fröhstockheim Schwanberg Castle . Ed .: Municipality of Rödelsee. Druckhaus Goldammer, Scheinfeld 1987, p. 10 .
  4. ↑ Jesko Graf zu Dohna (Ed.): In the footsteps of the Counts of Castell . Vier Türme GmbH, Benedict Press, Münsterschwarzach 2004, p. 28 .
  5. ^ Thomas Tippach: Würzburg - Aspects of Centrality. In: Ulrich Wagner (Hrsg.): History of the city of Würzburg. 4 volumes, Volume I-III / 2 (I: From the beginnings to the outbreak of the Peasant War. 2001, ISBN 3-8062-1465-4 ; II: From the Peasant War 1525 to the transition to the Kingdom of Bavaria 1814. 2004, ISBN 3 -8062-1477-8 ; III / 1–2: From the transition to Bavaria to the 21st century. 2007, ISBN 978-3-8062-1478-9 ), Theiss, Stuttgart 2001–2007, Volume III (2007), Pp. 369–393 and 1296–1298, here: p. 380, fig. 124.
  6. ↑ a b c d e f Friedrich Amberger, Fritz Ortner: Rödelsee community: Rödelsee Fröhstockheim Schwanberg Castle .
  7. ^ Friedrich Amberger, Fritz Ortner: Community Rödelsee: Rödelsee Fröhstockheim Schwanberg Castle . S. 15-16 .
  8. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer GmbH, Stuttgart and Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 748 .
  9. ^ Rödelsee local council , accessed on June 27, 2020
  10. ^ Bauer, Hans: Old and new coats of arms in the district of Kitzingen . P. 64.
  11. ↑ Editor: Evang. Luth. Parish office Rödelsee, Catholic parish office Rödelsee, Community Casteller Ring, places of retreat on Schwanberg, the first Rödelsee church and its history
  12. ↑ Editor: Evang. Luth Pfarramt Rödelsee, Kath. Pfarramt Rödelsee, Community Casteller Ring, places of retreat on Schwanberg
  13. ^ RPZ Heilsbronn, churches - expressions of faith. In: Hefte zur Regional Kirchengeschichte IV, 1996, p. 5 with 8.
  14. ↑ Klarmann, Johann Ludwig (among others): Legends and sketches from the Steigerwald . P. 252.
  15. ↑ a b c Schwanberg Rödelsee Fröhstockheim . ... the hospitable wine-growing community in the Franconian wine country. 2009, p. 28 .
  16. ^ Ambrosi, Hans (among others): German Vinothek: Franconia . Pp. 50-52.
  17. ↑ Weinfest-Rödelsee: Homepage , accessed on June 6, 2019.
  18. ^ Government of Lower Franconia: Vineyards in Bavaria broken down by area , PDF file, accessed on May 16, 2019.
  19. ^ Ambrosi, Hans (among others): German Vinothek: Franconia . P. 237.
  20. ↑ Klarmann, Johann Ludwig: The Steigerwald in the past . P. 207.