Six main villages
The places Gnodstadt , Marktsteft , Martinsheim , Obernbreit , Oberickelsheim and Sickershausen , which were under the sovereignty of the Margraves of Brandenburg-Ansbach , were referred to as six main villages (also Ansbachische Main villages , only main villages ) . The districts, which protrude far into the area of the Würzburger Hochstift, were also administratively combined to form the margravial Oberschultheißenamt Obernbreit . In 1730 the district was transformed into the Oberschultheißenamt Marktsteft .
history
Prehistory (until 1448)
The six later main villages all went through different historical developments in the Middle Ages . In 1225 King Heinrich VII received the bailiwick in Steft, later Marktsteft, and in Sickershausen from the Bishop of Würzburg as a fief . At the same time, the burgraves of Nuremberg began to acquire properties from the House of Hohenzollern on the Maindreieck . They gained a foothold in Obernbreit and Martinsheim in particular, where they had to share the bailiwick with the Würzburg cathedral chapter.
The up-and-coming family of the lords of Hohenlohe-Brauneck was busy building up a rulership base along the navigable river in the 13th century. They soon acquired the so-called "feudum Herbipolense " (lat. About Würzburg fiefdom) from the respective previous owners in the six villages and began to establish their own sovereignty. For this purpose, the bailiwick was officially taken over , as in Marktsteft, or superseded and usurped imperial rights, as in Obernbreit, were transformed into sovereign rights.
These appropriations and awards resulted in a closed, Hohenlohe area around Creglingen-Brauneck, which also included the six main villages, until the 14th century. Gottfried III. However, von Hohenlohe-Brauneck had no male descendants and therefore in 1380 the county placed the burgrave of Nuremberg under protection and protection . Ten years later, in 1390, Gottfried died and the burgraves received the goods from Emperor Wenzel as an imperial fief .
Nevertheless, conflicts continued to arise because nephews and the sister-in-law of the late Gottfried were still alive. A court of arbitration under the board of Count Günther von Schwarzburg and Landgrave Johann von Leuchtenberg came to the conclusion that the possessions should fall to the Hohenlohe heirs. Nevertheless, the Nuremberg burgraves from the Hohenzollern family continued to make claims. After the death of Margaretha von Hohenlohe in 1429, her son Michael Burggraf zu Magdeburg received the property.
The six main villages (until 1806)
Michael then sold the possessions to Albrecht Achilles from the House of Hohenzollern, who had meanwhile risen to become Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach . With a document dated October 13, 1448, the places "(...) Obernbreit, Gnotstat, Stefft, Sickershausen, Kalten Suntheim , Merteshaim, Oberycelshaim and Ehenheim (...)" were given to the margraves. Enheim and Kaltensondheim did not stay in the hands of the margraves for long, but were soon given fiefs to other noble families.
The margraves soon began to organize the acquired goods. At the beginning of the 17th century, the six main villages were given their own Oberschultheißenamt with headquarters in Obernbreit, which, however , remained assigned to the Oberamt in Creglingen , presumably because they were located very far from the actual official seat. At the same time, the acquisition of further rights in the villages was pushed in order to be able to become the sole village lord. The margraves achieved this goal at the end of the 15th century.
In the six main villages, so-called wisdoms , village regulations that were supposed to regulate living together , were soon created . They were the first of their kind in the wider area and were supposed to establish the claims of the margraves. The high courts that had to take place three times a year in the villages were also mentioned here. The Würzburger Dompropstei managed to keep some old rights in the villages, but among other things it also had to pay the etch money at the high courts, which devoured large sums of money every year.
At the same time there were always armed conflicts between the margraviate and the bishopric . So Sickershausen and Marktsteft were in 1461 by Bishop Johann III. occupied and plundered by Grumbach during the Bavarian War . A year later, after a four-day siege, the village of Obernbreit fell, "the walls around the churchyard and the village" being destroyed. Gnodstadt, on the other hand, was burnt in the amount of 1200 guilders and thus escaped destruction.
The margraviate accepted the Reformation under the rule of George the Confessor . This also made the inhabitants of the six main villages Lutheran. The confessional conflict led indirectly to the outbreak of the Thirty Years' War . In this armed conflict, large parts of the Obernbreit Oberschultheissenamt were destroyed. In 1634 the official seat was occupied by Catholic imperialists and in 1673 Marktsteft and Sickershausen remained in Catholic hands.
The conflict had deepened the denominational differences and the six main villages now remained evangelical-Lutheran. At the same time, however, the Catholic cathedral provost remained the rights holder in most of the six villages. Therefore, in the 18th century, the provost tried to expand its rights. The margraves finally gave in and allowed the Dompropstei a lower legal jurisdiction . In general, however, the Catholic side failed because of the expansion of its influence.
In 1730 the margrave moved the official seat of the Oberschultheißenamt from Obernbreit to Marktsteft. The place had just received market rights and subsequently rose to become an important trading center on the Main. In 1791 the six main villages of Ansbach came under Prussian rule. The old connections were only dissolved in 1806, when the former Prussian territory came to the Electorate of Bavaria . In 1810 Marktsteft, Sickershausen and Obernbreit came to the Grand Duchy of Würzburg , which finally destroyed the connections. Today the villages are in Lower and Middle Franconia .
Extent of the Oberschultheißenamt
The six main villages in Ansbach were subordinate to the Oberamt Creglingen, to which several places in what is now the Main-Tauber district in Baden-Württemberg were assigned. The senior bailiff came from the nobility and primarily had to perform representative tasks. He rarely visited the affiliations on the Main, only during the high court meals and during battue hunts can the senior officials in the six main villages be proven.
The Oberschultheißenamt in Obernbreit, later Marktsteft, on the other hand, performed its own administrative tasks almost without the influence of the bailiff. In civil lawsuits, however, the places were legally assigned to the Hochstiftisches Zentgericht in Kitzingen . The high judiciary was still carried out by the Creglingen district court. The official buildings were representative houses in the center of Obernbreit and Marktsteft. Even before the office was relocated in 1730, a large office building was built at today's Herrnstrasse 14 in Marktsteft .
In addition to the six main villages of Gnodstadt, Marktsteft, Martinsheim, Oberickelsheim, Obernbreit and Sickershausen, in which the margrave was able to unite most of the rights, the district also comprised divided subjects in other places. In 1608 goods were acquired in Ingolstadt near Sugenheim , Krautostheim , Ezelheim , Ermetzhofen , Lenkersheim and other villages. The newly acquired subjects, who previously belonged to the Lords of Waldenfels , were henceforth kept separately in their own lists.
Subjects of other lords lived in the six villages until the margraviate was dissolved. For example, in 1732 Martinsheim counted 38 citizens of Brandenburg-Ansbach, nine subjects of the Prince-Bishop of Würzburg, two who were assigned to the Dompropstei, three subjects of the Tückelhausen Charterhouse , one of the Lords of Hutten and twelve subjects of the Prince of Schwarzenberg .
Oberschultheißen (selection)
Some of the high schools in the six main villages had an academic education and were always recruited from the middle classes of the towns belonging to the margravate. The mayors were superordinate to the local schools and attended the public prosecution days in the individual villages. At the same time, they were also responsible for collecting taxes. The processing of the official mail, with which the higher-level authorities in Creglingen and Ansbach were informed, took a particularly long time during the administration .
- Zacharias Gostenhöfer (* 1590; † 1653)
- Johann Erhard Schöner (born 1665)
- Johann Ludwig Jäger (born 1666)
- Lorenz Koch († 1698)
- Johann Konrad Dürr (until 1704)
- Gottfried Mayer
- Johann Siegfried Billing (until 1722)
- Friedrich Paul Hofmann (1722–1724)
- Johann Luz (* 1677; 1724 – after 1741; † 1752)
- Johann David Luz (* 1719; from 1741; † 1764)
- Johann Georg Stauch (* 1733; until 1776)
- Johann Leonhard John († 1785)
- Carl Johannes David Girbert (1786–1797)
literature
- Wilhelm Engel: Würzburg and Hohenlohe. Two studies on the Franconian history of the high and late Middle Ages (= Mainfränkische Hefte 2) . Wuerzburg 1949.
- Fritz Mägerlein: Marktsteft and the six Ansbach “Maindörfer” (= contributions to the culture, history and economy of the town of Marktbreit and its neighborhood, issue 10) . Market wide 1983.
- Volkmar Wirth: On the history of the six main villages . In: Correspondent from and for Germany. No. 571, 573, 580. 81st vol. Nuremberg 1884. pp. 1–3, 1–4, 1–4.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Engel, Wilhelm: Würzburg and Hohenlohe . P. 29.
- ↑ Wirth, Volkmar: On the history of the six main villages. No. 571 . P. 1.
- ↑ Wirth, Volkmar: On the history of the six main villages. No. 571 . P. 2.
- ↑ Wirth, Volkmar: On the history of the six main villages. No. 580 . P. 2.
- ↑ Mägerlein, Fritz: Marktsteft and the six Ansbach "main villages" . P. 22.
- ↑ Wirth, Volkmar: On the history of the six main villages. No. 571 . P. 3.
- ↑ Mägerlein, Fritz: Marktsteft and the six Ansbach "main villages" . P. 29.
- ↑ Mägerlein, Fritz: Marktsteft and the six Ansbach "main villages" . P. 30 f.
- ↑ Mägerlein, Fritz: Marktsteft and the six Ansbach "main villages" . P. 27.
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