Jewish community Großlangheim

The Jewish community in Großlangheim was an Israelite religious community in what is now Markt Großlangheim in the Lower Franconian district of Kitzingen . Jewish residents have been recorded for Großlangheim since the 15th century, and a community of its own was established in the 18th century.

history

The Jewish community established itself (until 1933)

According to a legend, the foundation of the Antonius Chapel in the village goes back to the conflict with a Großlangheimer Jewish faith. Thus Jews would have been found in the village as early as the 14th century. Secure messages were first handed down around 1450. Samuel Jud and Fysthley Jud are mentioned as residents in "Lanckheim". However, it is unclear whether both lived in today's Groß- or in the neighboring Kleinlangheim .

Another story from 1562 has the Jewish Jacob on the subject. He was a subject of the Teutonic Order in Großlangheim. However, he did not adhere to the strict clothing regulations for Jews. The village authorities then locked Jakob in the tower. After his release, he went to the Reich Chamber of Commerce and was ruled: From then on he was no longer allowed to be prosecuted by the authorities of the Würzburg Monastery.

In 1578 the Großlangheim Jews wandered around "without escort and yellow ring (...)" and thus took advantage of the court's judgment. The bishopric did not want to tolerate this behavior and imprisoned the Jew Jakob again in 1589. He stayed in the tower for 20 weeks and 3 days before the Imperial Court ruled for him again. Jakob received 83 guilders in damages and was henceforth allowed to waive the dress code.

The Jewish community in Großlangheim still existed in 1590. In 1675 there were a total of six Jewish families in the village. A Salomon Low was mentioned in the 18th century. He left Großlangheim in 1749 and emigrated to England . After several hussar raids hit the community in 1759 , two Jews were taken hostage to Kitzingen . They could both be freed again intact.

With the establishment of the so-called matriculation places in the Kingdom of Bavaria , Großlangheim received 13 Jewish families who were allowed to live there permanently. Among other things, the Fromm family settled in Großlangheim, from which the psychoanalyst Erich Fromm would later emerge. In 1817 the teacher Abraham Seligmann was a Jewish scholar in the village. Around 1830, the community was granted an application to set up its own school and synagogue .

The Großlangheim Jews were buried in the Jewish cemetery in Rödelsee . The deceased were accompanied by the community until they left the village. The local fire brigade, founded in the 19th century, was supported by the Jews. Many of the founding members were of Jewish faith. The euphoria of the First World War also gripped the Jews in Großlangheim. Private Karl Fromm died in the war in 1918 and was immortalized on the memorial for the fallen in the town center.

During National Socialism (1933–1942)

Immediately after the seizure of power by the Nazis in 1933, the villagers still wrong of course with the Jews in the village. The parish priest Reitz even began to defend his Jewish fellow citizens from the pulpit and repeatedly came into conflict with the Secret State Police . In 1936, the district president of Lower Franconia was still lamenting the military honors that a Jewish combatant from the First World War received at his funeral.

In 1937 a total of seven Jews from Großlangheim left the village and settled in Würzburg, Bingen am Rhein and Stuttgart . During the November pogroms of 1938, SA men wanted to set fire to the synagogue, but the fire brigade stepped in because they were afraid that the fire could spread to other buildings. The church was nevertheless desecrated; the Torah scrolls were hung on a bicycle and dragged through the streets.

Two Jewish men were brought to the Dachau concentration camp in the course of the pogroms . In 1939, Moses Sonn was driven to Kitzingen in a pig wagon. At the beginning of 1942, four Jews were still living in the village. Two were deported to Izbica via Würzburg in March 1942 , while the other two were sent to the Theresienstadt ghetto in September 1942 . The synagogue was still used as a military hospital in 1945 before it was converted into a local fire station. Today it is part of the parish hall.

Community development

The religious community was assigned to the Bavarian district rabbinate Kitzingen from 1839 .

year	Members	year	Members	year	Members	year	Members	year	Members	year	Members	year	Members
1814	65	1837	70	1867	64	1880	49	1900	37	1910	23	1933	13

literature

• Anton Käsbauer: Großlangheim market . Volkach 1986.

Individual evidence

1. ^ Käsbauer, Anton: Großlangheim market . P. 181.
2. ^ Käsbauer, Anton: Großlangheim market . P. 182.
3. ↑ Alemannia Judaica: Jewish History in Großlangheim , accessed on December 20, 2016.
4. ^ Käsbauer, Anton: Großlangheim market . P. 185.
5. ↑ Alemannia Judaica: Jewish History in Großlangheim , accessed on December 20, 2016.
6. ↑ Alemannia Judaica: Jewish History in Großlangheim , accessed on December 19, 2016.