Obereisenheim
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Obereisenheim
Eisenheim market
Coordinates: 49 ° 53 ′ 25 " N , 10 ° 10 ′ 45" E
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| Height : | 204 m |
| Residents : | 558 |
| Incorporation : | May 1, 1978 |
| Incorporated into: | Eisenheim |
| Postal code : | 97247 |
| Area code : | 09386 |
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Obereisenheim is the main town of the Eisenheim market and a district in the Lower Franconian district of Würzburg .
Geographical location
Obereisenheim is located in the north of the Eisenheim municipality. The district of Schweinfurt begins to the north . The community of Wipfeld is closest to Obereisenheim. To the west, separated by the Main, begins the Volkach district of Fahr in the Kitzingen district . The Untereisenheim district joins in the south . To the east is the municipality of Bergtheim, also in the district of Würzburg .
Obereisenheim is naturally located in the Middle Main Valley , a natural area of the Main Franconian Plates . This is where the natural areas Volkacher Mainschleife and the Obereisenheim-Wipfelder Main Valley border each other. The loop of the Main to the south with its narrow river meanders is very different from the more open Main Valley, which begins further north.
history
After the two villages of Ober- and Untereisenheim were initially called "Isanesheim", home of Isan, in the 8th century, the two villages came to the Fulda Monastery on a common market . Before that, they were probably owned by Lobdengaugraf Warin and his wife Friederun, the Mattons around Matto and his brother Megingaud the Younger and the Franconian Reginold.
It was not until the 14th century, in 1346, that Obereisenheim was mentioned as an independent settlement. At that time, the Counts of Castell held the bailiwick and had also risen to become the largest liege lords in the town. The counts often had to mortgage their village due to debts. In 1484 even the villagers themselves committed to redeeming Obereisenheim. The parish was in the hands of St. Stephen's Monastery in Bamberg , which traced the claims back to the time of Empress Kunigunde .
In the age of the Reformation , the Obereisenheimers took over the confession of their count village lords and became Protestant in the 16th century. In June 1553 the village was plundered twice in one day during the Margrave War by the Würzburg - Hochstiftischen horsemen. The village also suffered in the Thirty Years' War , a corporal body of around 40 men, the imperial army was in the quarter there.
The billeting meant that the population barely had a livelihood. Obereisenheim could only be rebuilt with the support of Count Johann Friedrich zu Castell-Rüdenhausen . The count also granted his village the right to hold a market in 1747. In 1796 there were billets and passages again. French soldiers occupied the village during the Napoleonic Wars .
Shortly before the end of World War II , the villagers witnessed two air raids. On February 11 and 23, 1944, American planes bombed the village; the attack was probably originally aimed at the nearby industrial city of Schweinfurt . Obereisenheim was fired at with incendiary bombs. The Americans captured the village on April 7, 1945. A few days later they blew up the Main Ferry because they feared a counter-attack.
Former parish
The municipality of Obereisenheim, which consisted only of the town of Obereisenheim, belonged to the Volkach district office until 1872 and when it was dissolved it became part of the Gerolzhofen district office , later the Gerolzhofen district . On July 1, 1972, the community came to the district of Würzburg , since the district of Gerolzhofen was dissolved. In 1978 the new community Eisenheim was formed from the communities Obereisenheim and Untereisenheim.
Attractions
The center of the place is the Evangelical Parish Church . It was largely built around 1496 and was renewed at the beginning of the 17th century. At that time the church received the typical octagonal tower. There are several valuable monuments inside. The font dates from 1523, the two-column altar was built around 1700 and has a large crucifix instead of a leaf . The only surviving organ by Johann Adam Brandenstein is in the church .
The old cemetery wall has been preserved around the church. The affiliation to the Grafschaft Castell is clear from a round arch portal with coat of arms from 1744. The cemetery was moved in the 17th century and with a simple Renaissance - chapel endowed by 1612th Several grave monuments in the new cemetery date from the 19th and 20th centuries. Originally Obereisenheim was surrounded by strong fortifications, the moat around the place can still be seen in many places. In addition, wall remains have been preserved in some places. The parish hall, which was the town hall until the 20th century, was located within the ring of the wall . It has a sweeping mansard roof . Many houses from bygone times shape the townscape.
Viticulture
Today Obereisenheim is an important wine-growing area in the Franconian wine-growing region . There is a vineyard around the village, the wine has been marketed under the name Obereisenheimer Höll since the 1970s. Obereisenheim is part of the range Volkacher Main loop until 2017, the wineries in area were Maindreieck summarized. The Keuperböden around Obereisenheim are just as suitable for growing wine as the location in the Maingau climate zone, which is one of the warmest in Germany.
The people around Obereisenheim have been viticulture since the early Middle Ages . The Franconian settlers probably brought the vine to the Main in the 7th century. The cultivation of grapes around the village was first mentioned in the year 788. In the Middle Ages, the region belonged to the largest contiguous wine-growing area in the Holy Roman Empire. The people mostly operated part-time viticulture for self-sufficiency , at the same time export centers were already emerging, especially along the Main. Obereisenheim sold its products on the market in nearby Volkach .
Viticulture experienced a major decline after secularization at the beginning of the 19th century. Above all, locations with less favorable climatic conditions were completely abandoned. In addition, the emergence of pests such as phylloxera made cultivation difficult . The Franconian wine-growing region was not able to consolidate again until the second half of the 20th century. The use of fertilizers and improved cultivation methods had contributed to this, as had the organization in cooperatives and the land consolidation of the 1970s.
In Obereisenheim, the rearing and harvesting of wine still shapes the course of the year today. The many wineries are an important industry in the village. In addition, wine-related (cultural) tourism is now also of great importance. So a Silvanerwanderweg was built in the vineyards around Obereisenheim. In addition, the winegrowers open their farms in spring and summer and become hedge taverns . However, the focus of the festival calendar is the Obereisenheim street wine festival at the beginning of July.
| Vineyard | Size 1887 | Size 1940 | Size 1976 | Size 1993 | Compass direction | Slope | Main grape varieties | Great location |
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| Hell | 87 hectares | 30 ha | 45 ha | 150 ha | South southwest | 30-40% | Müller-Thurgau | Volkacher Kirchberg |
literature
- Hans Ambrosi, Bernhard Breuer: German Vinothek: Franconia. Guide to the vineyards, winegrowers and their kitchens . Herford 2 1993.
- Franz Pfrang: The history of viticulture on the Main loop . In: Ute Feuerbach (Ed.): Our Main Loop. 1978-1992 . Volkach 2008. pp. 23-28.
- Karl Treutwein : From Abtswind to Zeilitzheim. History, sights, traditions . Volkach 1987.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Obereisenheim in the local database of the Bavarian State Library Online . Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, accessed on May 30, 2018.
- ^ Treutwein, Karl: From Abtswind to Zeilitzheim . P. 166.
- ^ Treutwein, Karl: From Abtswind to Zeilitzheim . P. 167.
- ^ Bavarian State Statistical Office (ed.): Official place directory for Bavaria . Issue 335 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich 1973, DNB 740801384 , p. 195 ( digitized version ).
- ↑ Bavarian State Statistical Office (Hrsg.): Historical municipality register: The population of the municipalities of Bavaria in the period from 1840 to 1952 (= contributions to Statistics Bavaria . Issue 192). Munich 1954, DNB 451478568 , p. 214–215 , urn : nbn: de: bvb: 12-bsb00066439-3 ( digitized version - Volkach district, footnote 2).
- ↑ Bavarian State Office for Statistics and Data Processing (Hrsg.): The municipalities of Bavaria according to the territorial status May 25, 1987. The population of the municipalities of Bavaria and the changes in the acquisitions and territory from 1840 to 1987 (= contributions to Statistics Bavaria . Issue 451). Munich 1991, p. 118–119 , urn : nbn: de: bvb: 12-bsb00070717-7 ( digitized version - footnote 18).
- ^ Treutwein, Karl: From Abtswind to Zeilitzheim . P. 164 f.
- ↑ The Obereisenheim organ on the website of the Obereisenheim Organ Autumn, accessed on July 22, 2017
- ^ Ambrosi, Hans (among others): German Vinothek: Franconia . Pp. 50-52.
- ↑ Franconian wine country: 41st Street Wine Festival Obereisenheim , accessed on May 20, 2019.
- ^ Government of Lower Franconia: Vineyards in Bavaria broken down by area , PDF file, accessed on May 16, 2019.
- ^ Pfrang, Franz: The history of viticulture on the Main loop . P. 28.
- ^ Ambrosi, Hans (among others): German Vinothek: Franconia . P. 237.
